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張良光(Chang, Yang kwang) 동아시아일본학회 2015 일본문화연구 Vol.0 No.55
잡담은 자유로운 이미지가 강한 대화이며, 목표가 명확히 보이지 않아 구조화시키기가 어려운 대화이다. 본 연구는 잡담의 구조화를 발화의 연쇄조직을 통해서 밝히자고 했다. 화제개시부분의 첫 발화에 어떤 발화가 나타날지 분석을 한 결과, 질문에서 시작한 연쇄조직이 전체의 62.71%, 의견에서 시작한 연쇄조직이 29.04%, 공유에서 시작한 연쇄조직이 7.92%, 그리고 기타가 0.33%로 나타났다. 이는 본 대화 자료가 첫대면대화이었기 때문에 공유하는 정보가 없어서 질문에서 시작한 연쇄조직이 많았다고 생각된다. 즉, 공유할 수 있는 정보를 찾기 위해서 상대에게 정보를 요구하는 것이 많았다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 질문에서 시작한 연쇄조직을 중심으로 분석을 하였다. 질문에서 시작한 연쇄조직을 분석한 결과, 세 번째 발화에 ‘이해’가 나타나는 것과 ‘평가’가 나타나는 것에 차이가 있었다. 이해가 나타나는 연쇄조직은 질문하는 사람이 요구하는 정보를 얻었다면 이해의 맞장구를 쳐 화제를 종료시키는 것이 보였다. 또한 평가가 나타나는 연쇄조직은 정보에 대한 놀라움과 의외의 느낌 등을 나타내 화제를 지속시키는 것이 보였다. This research defined general conversation’s rules and regulations to be like other types of conversation. In the results of the analysis of the first utterance, 62.71% of conversations started from questions, 29.04% of conversations started from opinions, 7.92% started from the sharing of common sense, and 0.33% began from other first utterances. Since the research object was first-meeting conversations, the sequence pattern of the topic was non-covalent. Therefore, the interviewer required some kind of information to converse with a partner. This research mainly analyzed the sequence patterns that started from questions. As a result of analysis, two significant sequence patterns were found in the third utterance, which are uptakeandevaluation. In situations in which uptake appears in the third utterance as a sequence pattern, the interviewer ended the conversation by nodding when he or she had gotten enough information on the related topic. On the other hand, in situations in which evaluation appeared in the third utterance as a sequence pattern, the interviewer expressed his or her emotion such as surprise. Those expressions triggered further conversation on the related topic.
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初對面雜談における連鎖構造分析の一考察 -意見/評價提示からはじまる連鎖構造を中心に-
장양광 ( Chang Yang-kwang ) 한국일어교육학회 2016 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.36
本硏究は、雜談を課題遂行性の低い會話形式として捉え、會話の規範や規則を明らかにするため、發話の連鎖構造を分析した。方法としては、發話ひとつひとつを重ねていき、それを連鎖構造とし、これを話題と反定した。そして、會話參加者の一方が情報の所有者である場合は、情報要求ではじまるものと、情報提供ではじまるものに分類した。また、自己開示を「相手の情報を收集する方法の一つとして、自ら自分自身について相手に話すこと」とし、情報提供からはじまるものを自己開示からはじまる連鎖構造とした。自分自身の情報を利用し、自己開示からはじまる連鎖構造を<意見/評價提示>と<部分的報告>に分類し、このうち<意見/評價提示>からはじまる連鎖構造を中心に分析を行った。その結果、意見/評價提示のあとに同意表明が非常に高い割合で現れ、同意表明をおこなった後は、意見の根據說明が相互になされることがわかった。一方、不同意を表明する場合、聞き手の不同意表明後、意見/評價の訂正が行われ、雙方から意見の根據說明がなされることがわかった。同意表明の言語形式としては、意見提示において、意見提示へのためらいを表すような「なんか」が文頭や文末へ、斷定を避ける「~けど」や、同意を求める「~よね」が文末へ表れる傾向があった。一方、不同意表明の言語形式としては、意見提示において意見提示へのためらいを表すように節末の音を伸ばしたり、斷定を避ける「~けど」が表れる傾向があった。不同意表明では「でも」が表れる傾向があり、意見/評價訂正では、「なるほど」という理解を示すものと文末表現「~ね」が見られた。 This study considers small talk as a sort of communication. To discover small talk’s norms and rules, utterance sequence organization was established to analyze through utterance sequence pattern. This research defined general conversation’s rules and regulations to be like other types of conversation. In the results of the analysis of the first utterance, 62.9% of conversations started from questions, 29.03% of conversations started from opinions, 7.74% started from the sharing of common sense, and 0.32% began from other first utterances. As a result, appeared at a high proportion of consent expressed after the opinion / evaluation, after you made the agreement announced, it was found that the grounds description of the opinion will be made to each other. On the other hand, in the case of disagreement expressed, after the announcement of the disagreement of the listener, the correction of opinion / evaluation was done. And it was found that grounds explaining views from both is made.
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장광석 ( Jang Kwang Seok ),장준호 ( Chang Chun Ho ),이홍표 ( Lee Hong Pyo ) 한국복합신소재구조학회 2016 복합신소재구조학회논문집 Vol.7 No.4
Recently, many people have become interested in seismic stability enhancement and a chain of research and development be proceed for application of nuclear power plant according to increase the frequency and magnitude of earthquake event. Such as seismic isolation system is applied to general structure (architecture, bridge and LNG tank etc.) from ancient times. But the application results is limited for Nuclear power plant. In this paper, we proposed a stability of variable axial load from beyond design basis earthquake in Nuclear power plant. Also, the change of stiffness in isolator from the application of generally design equation is not equal to according to change in axial load compare with the experimental result in variable axial load. Therefore we proposed the empirical formula of design equation from test result of full-scale multi-lead rubber bearing for seismic analysis with real behavior (variable axial load) in the earthquake motion.
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