‘뻗다’의 의미 확장 연구

임태성(Lim Tae-sung) 한글학회 2015 한글 Vol.- No.309

이 글은 한국어 동사 ‘뻗다’의 의미 확장 양상을 살펴보았다. ‘뻗다’는 한 상태에서 다른 상태로의 전이를 나타내는 동사로, 이러한 속성을 통해 다양하게 의미가 확장됨을 살펴볼 수 있다. 2장에서는 의미 확장의 본질과 기제를 살펴보았다. 첫째, 의미 확장은 신체화된 의미를 통해 이루어진다. 둘째, 의미 확장의 기제는 개념적 은유와 환유, 가상성이 있다. 개념적 은유와 환유는 본질상 개념적으로 이해되고, 가상성은 비진실적 현상으로 실제 비이동체가 가상적으로 이동하는 것으로 인식된다. 3장에서는 한국어 동사 ‘뻗다’의 원형 의미를 탐색하고 그 확장을 살펴보았다. 우선 사전에 제시된 15c~18c의 자료를 추적하고, 현대 국어 말뭉치에 나타난 용례들 중 물리적 대상에 사용된 용례들을 근거로 원형 의미를 추출하였다. 한국어 동사 ‘뻗다’는 식물, 사람에 두루 쓰이는데, 이를 통해 ‘뻗다’의 원형 의미를 한정된 범위에서 뻗는 상태 혹은 과정으로 삼았다. 그리고 ‘뻗다’의 확장 의미를 일차적, 이차적으로 분류하여 제시하였다. 일차적 의미는 개념적 환유, 은유, 가상성에 바탕을 둔 의미 확장이 나타났고, 이차적 의미는 개념적 은유에 바탕을 둔 의미 확장이 나타남을 살펴보았다. This paper addresses the meaning extension of Korean verb ‘ppeotdda’, which signifies the transition from one state to the other. The mechanism of the meaning extension is based on conceptual structures we construct such as ‘embodies meaning’, ‘conceptual metonymy’, ‘conceptual metaphor’, and ‘fictivity’. First, ‘embodies meaning’ can be constructed from embodied experiences. Specifically, relatively abstract conceptual representations can arise from our bodily experiences i.e. everyday interaction with and observation of the world around us. For instance, our physical experience of the motion of ‘ppeotdda’ enables our understanding of the meaning of ‘ppeotdda’. Second, the central insight of ‘conceptual metonymy’ and ‘conceptual metaphor’ is that figurative patterns in language lie at the level of conceptual structure i.e. the process of conceptualization of meaning. Third, ‘fictivity’ is characterized as representational discrepancy. In other words, there exists a discrepancy between two cognitive representations of the same entity within a single individuals cognition. This is a cognitive mechanism to examine the nature of dynamics in the meaning extension. According to the in-depth study, the verb ‘ppeotdda’ is conceptualized through the embodied meaning extension from our bodily experience to an abstract entity. In addition, the basic meanings of the verb ‘ppeotdda’ are analyzed to establish the features of ‘human’, ‘animal’, and ‘plant’. The meaning extension of the verb ‘ppeotdda’ are divided into two categories. One meaning extension arises from the basic meaning of the verb ‘ppeodda’, which is related to the features of ‘human’, ‘animal’, and ‘plant’. The other meaning extension is activated outside the boundary of the basic meaning of the verb ‘ppeotdda’. This study analyzes the meaning extension of the verb ‘ppeotdda’ and presents how human beings construct the construal structure in the process of the meaning extension.

스포츠 분야의 NCS(국가직무능력표준) 기반 교육과정 적용에 따른 문제점과 개선방향 탐색

임태성(Lim, Tae-Sung),김선기(Kim, Sun-Ki),박영남(Park, Young-Nam),김주용(Kim, Ju-Yong) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.5

The study curriculum based on national competency standards of the reality of these days, you need to run mandatory education policy. A variety of tasks and high professionalism required curriculum on the Application and the actual operational problems and the problem of the world of sports helps improve the navigation at once. To this end, the specialized college of technology segments the sports department at the University of seven of the university was chosen for literature in research and in-depth interviews. Text for the analysis of the data be collected, and the following results. First, NCS in sports department of the current study subjects, averages more than 50 percent and above the specific practical subjects join leports and a deceptive scheme operates. Second, NCS according to the educational curriculum, subjects on to reflect the needs with real industry has left more than a qualitative mismatch to resolve the government rather than the purpose of nature. Third, the actual distortion of these essential purpose of ncs subjects relevant equipment and materials shortages, in the certificate, high capacity of the Unit and executive authority discrepancy, a lack of links. Level of governing and sports in the field of standardization to the role of various sectors of the difficulties for a variety of issues such as could. Fourth, the sports curriculum more effective and ongoing operations based on ncs ncs order associated with equipment and materials.

축구경기성적과 축구인프라와의 관계에 관한 연구

임태성(Tae Sung Lim),박재우(Jae Woo Park) 한국사회체육학회 2001 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.16 No.-

For the purpose of the promotion of soccer in Korea, the differences in soccer infrastructure between Korea and several advanced countries in soccer were investigated by analyzing the number of enrolled players (the rate of it to population), clubs, referees, and spectators in pro leagues. Purposive Sampling method, which extract samples deliberately with the specific purpose, was used in this study, and a total of 10 countries including Korea were investigated. The Analysis methods were divided into two groups, of relative scale and absolute scale. In conclusion, it was found that there were enormous differences in soccer infrastructure between Korea and other advanced countries in soccer. It was also found that such differences in soccer infrastructure are closely connected with relatively poor ability of Korean soccer team, and eventually played a role of barrier to the promotion of soccer. Therefore, for a substantial promotion of soccer in Korea, it is needed to make long-term and step-by-step plans to establish soccer infrastructure.

고전 번역에 나타난 한자 ‘走’의 의미 확장 연구

임태성(Lim Tae-sung) 한글학회 2019 한글 Vol.- No.324

이 글은 고전 번역에 나타난 ‘走’의 의미적 확장 양상을 살펴보는 것이 목적이다. ‘走’는 이동이 개념화된 단어로, 물리적 이동에서 심리적 이동의 양상으로 확장되는 의미 양상을 살펴볼 수 있다. 첫째, 물리적 이동에서 ‘走’는 ‘사람’이나 이동 가능한 ‘사물’이 이동체가 되어 나타나는데, ‘사람’의 경우 ‘달리다’, ‘가다’라는 의미뿐만 아니라 ‘달아나다’의 의미로도 해석된다. ‘사물’의 경우 곤충이나 동물에서 수직적 이동을 나타내는 경우를 살펴볼 수 있고, ‘구슬’과 같은 원형의 대상을 나타내는 데에도 ‘走’가 쓰인다. 둘째, 심리적 이동에서 ‘走’는 개념적 환유에 의해 ‘하인’과 같이 그 행위가 대상을 지칭하는 경우가 나타난다. 그리고 개념적 은유에 의해 ‘용’이나 ‘마음’과 같이 추상적 대상을 ‘사람’에 빗대어 나타나며, 또한 ‘신(神)’을 ‘走’와 함께 나타내어 이동하는 대상으로 인식하기도 한다. 마지막으로, ‘走’는 가상적으로 그 의미가 확장되어, 비이동체인 ‘산’, ‘식물’ 등을 이동하는 것으로 인식하여 나타난다. 이러한 ‘走’의 의미적 양상은 폭넓은 범주에서 나타났으며 의미적으로 연관성을 가진 것으로 살펴볼 수 있다. This study investigated the meaning extension of the Sino-Korean word “走” in the translation of Korean classics. It incorporate the concept of motion, including both physical and psychic motion. In the context of physical motion, “走” represents the movement of an entity like a human or movable object. Its physical motion-related meaning has several dimensions. First, it can denote escape as well as running or going when used to describe human motion. Second, it denotes vertical motion when used to describe insects or animals. Third, it denotes the special motion of circular objects like beads. Its motion-related meaning is extended by conceptual metonymy and metaphor. One meaning describes the motivational force applied to an object through conceptual metonymy, like orders given to a servant. The other meaning maps human motions to those of beings like deities and dragons by conceptual metaphor. The meaning of “走” is also extended fictively. For example, a visible object like mountain or plant can be conceived of as moving by the speaker. This study found that “走” has various motion-related meanings.

IPA매트릭스 분석을 활용한 한국프로골프(KPGA) 대회관람요인 분석

임태성(Tae Sung Lim),이호열(Ho Youl Lee),최성락(Sung Rak Choi) 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.54

The purpose of this study was to explore key factors attracting spectators by reviewing problems associated with golf tournaments perceived by spectators who visited their venues to see the Korean Tour golf tourna-ments. For the purpose the study conducted a survey of 500 participants who visited the venues to watch the tournament in 2012 with IPA analysis using SPSS Window Program Ver. 18.0 The results drawn from the survey analysis were as follows: First, ‘performance’ in terms of the level of ‘importance’ is the most importance factor, followed by ‘access’, ‘convenient facilities’, ‘service’, ‘spectator attitude’ , ‘tournament management’, ‘public relations’, ‘ticket prices’ and ‘event’. Second, ‘performance’ in terms of the level of ‘satisfaction’ is the highest factor, followed by ‘tournament management’, ‘public relations’, ‘performance’, ‘spectator attitude’, ‘access’, ‘ticket prices’, ‘service’, and ‘convenient facilities’. In conclusion, it is suggested that it should be sought to develop the event with a story of festival to be more than a tournament by identifying and nurturing star golfers (players) who are more likely to receive public attention and by hosting a distinctive event each tournament in order to attract more visitors. In addition to this, it needs to develop contents for the settlement of a culture of golf viewing fitted with Korean sentiments.

가상 이동의 개념과 인식에 대한 연구

임태성(Lim Tae-sung) 한글학회 2018 한글 Vol.- No.320

이 글은 ‘가상 이동’의 개념과 그 인식을 살펴보는 것이 목적이다. ‘가상 이동’의 개념을 명확히 하기 위해, ‘가상’, ‘이동’이라는 용어를 각각 살펴보았다. 우선 ‘이동’에 대한 인식은 ‘실제 이동’의 체험이 심리적으로 확장되며, ‘이동 사건’ 내에서 그 의미가 구체화되어 나타난다. 다음으로, ‘가상’은 인간의 상상력에 의해 투사되는 실재로 간주된다. 이를 통해 ‘가상 이동’은 ‘물리적 공간에서 비이동체의 위치 변화 인식’으로 정의된다. ‘가상 이동’의 인식을 언어적, 인지적 측면으로 살펴보았는데, 우선, 언어적으로 ‘가상 이동’은 ‘전경’, ‘참조점’, ‘경로’를 통해 표현되었다. 첫째, ‘전경’은 실제 대상에 대한 인식에서 관찰 가능 여부 및 인식적 거리에 따라 표현된다. 둘째, ‘참조점’은 이동체에 대한 인식이 나타난 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우로 제시된다. 셋째, ‘경로’에서 속도와 시간은 ‘실제 이동’에 비해 덜 구체적으로 나타난다. 다음으로, ‘가상 이동’ 표현을 인지적으로 해석해 보았다. 첫째, 전경은 ‘주의’, ‘전경-배경’ 역전, 그리고 ‘무대 모형’을 통해 이해된다. 둘째, ‘참조점’에서 직, 간접 이동에 대한 체험이 반영된다. 셋째, ‘경로’를 통한 ‘시간’ 인식이 ‘주사’라는 방식으로 해석된다. The paper aims to explain concept and perception in fictive motion. This study investigates the words ‘fictive’ and ‘motion’ in order to clarify the concept of fictive motion. First, the meaning of motion is explicit in a ‘motion event’. Also, ‘motion’ psychologically extends from an experience of actual motion. Next, ‘fictive’ is regarded as the reality projected by human’s imagination. Through each perception, ‘fictive motion’ is defined as perceiving the changes in direction of the non-moving entity in the physical space. This study also examines linguistic and cognitive aspects of perception in fictive motion. Regarding linguistic aspects, the expressions of fictive motion linguistically differ from actual motion in ‘figure’, ‘reference point’ and ‘path’. First, ‘figure’ which expresses the subject in sentences is perceived in two ways in fictive motion. One is observable or unobservable, and the other is perceived as distance. Second, ‘reference point’ which is expressed as an adverb in sentences is perceived as a moving-entity or not. Third, the expressions of speed and time in ‘path’ are not specific in fictive motion expressions. Next, linguistic phenomena construe cognitive aspects. First, ‘figure’ is understood by ‘attention’, ‘figure-ground’ reversal, and ‘stage model’. Second, ‘reference point’ is regarded as experiences of direct or indirect motion. Third, time perception through the ‘path’ is understood by ‘scanning’.

신체화에 기반한 ‘달리다’류의 의미 확장 연구

임태성(Lim, Tae-sung) 담화·인지언어학회 2015 담화와 인지 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning extension of the category of the Korean verb dallida. This paper investigates chidallida and naedallida of the category of dallida by corpus analysis. The meaning extension is based on embodiment, through which we can understand our language with the help of our experience. Embodiment can be subclassified into ‘embodied experience’, ‘embodied concept’, ‘embodied meaning’ and ‘embodied mind’. Herein lies the importance of embodiment, which facilitates the conceptualization of meaning. This paper investigates naedallida and chidallida of the category of dallida. Naedallida and chidallida are analyzed into semantic components on a sentence level. First, naedallida connotes six semantic components such as Starting point, Location, Speed, Relative position, Attitude and Ending point in physical motion. Naedallida expresses both fictive motion and situated motion in terms of psychological motion. Second, chidallida entails two semantic components such as Orientation and Ending point in terms of physical motion. Chidallida expresses both fictive motion and situated motion in psychological motion. The difference between dallida, naedallida and chidallida is as follows. First, the semantic components of dallida are motion and manner. The connotation of dallida is combined with various semantic components. Second, the semantic components of naedallida are motion, manner and additional manner. Dallida and naedallida are combined with similar components. Third, the semantic components of chidallida are motion, manner and orientation. Chidallida does not need the component of orientation in a sentence.

가상 이동 구문의 확장 양상 연구

임태성 ( Lim Tae-sung ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2017 어문론총 Vol.73 No.-

이 연구는 인지언어학의 관점에서 가상 이동에 나타난 구문의 양상과 그 의미 특성을 살펴보았다. `가상 이동`이란 실제 이동에 대한 경험의 확장으로, 비이동체를 이동으로 인식할 수 있는 인지 능력으로, `상대적 이동`과 `심리적 이동`으로 분류된다. `구문문법`은 `구문`이 인간 경험에 본질적인 장면을 지시하며, `구문` 자체의 의미를 가진다고 가정한다. 이에 따라 `가상 이동` 표현에서 나타난 구문을 살펴보았다. `가상 이동`의 유형 중 `상대적 이동`에서 `개념화자의 이동`은 대상이 경로로 움직이다와 대상이 배경을 통해 움직이다라는 경험을 가지며, `참조대상의 이동`은 대상이 배경인 이동체를 통해 경로로 움직이다라는 경험을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 `심리적 이동`에서 `육안 관찰적 이동`은 대상이 경로나 양상으로 움직이다라는 경험을 가지며, `심안 관찰적 이동`은 대상이 경로로 움직이다와 대상이 움직이다라는 경험을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 각각의 경험들은 서로 연결되는데, `개념화자의 이동`에서 `참조대상의 이동`과 `육안 관찰적 이동`으로 확장을 살펴볼 수 있고, `육안 관찰적 이동`에서 `심안 관찰적 이동`으로 확장을 살펴볼 수 있다. This study aimed to investigate the semantic properties of Fictive Motion Construction based on Cognitive Linguistics. Fictive motion is a cognitive ability that perceives a non-moving entity as a moving entity based on the experience of motion. Fictive motion is sub-classified relative motion and psychological motion. Its construction reflects scenes that are basic to human experience, and then the construction has its own meaning in Construction Grammar. First, the conceptualizer motion in relative motion has an experience on The object moves to a path and The object moves through the ground, whereas the reference motion has an experience on The object moves to a path through the moving entity as ground. Second, the-naked-eye motion in psychological motion has an experience on The object moves to a path or an aspect, whereas the mind`s eye motion has an experience on The object moves to a path and The object moves. These constructions interlink with each other. The conceptualizer motion constructions extend to the reference motion constructions and the-naked-eye motion constructions. The-naked-eye motion constructions extend to the mind`s eye motion constructions.

가상 이동의 의미 구성 방식 연구

임태성(Tae Sung Lim) 언어과학회 2013 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.66

This paper aims to examine fictive motion in language entails a major cognitive pattern: discrepancy within the cognition of a single individual. The discrepancy is between two different cognitive representations of the same entity, where one of the representations is assessed and experienced as more veridical than other. Chapter 2 presents conceotual metaphor, conceptual metonymy and conceptual blending in cognitive linguistics. Chapter3 provides the types of motion events, which are divided into ``factive motion``, and ``fictive motion`` The factive motion is a physical motion which we experience. The figurative motion expresses an abstract entity through conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy.The fictive motion is evoked by a discrepancy within one`s cognition. The fictive motion can be manifested between verbal language and viual perception. Chapter4 investigates fictive motion in Korean motion verbs ``dalrida``, ``geodda``, and ``ddwida.`` Conceptual blending serves to specift fictive motion schema. The rationale is that the motion verbs reflect the extensive cognitive representation of dynamicity.

밀리미터 웨이브 통신시스템에서 상향링크 신호를 이용한 빔 트래킹 기법

임태성(Tae Sung Lim),김규석(Kyu Seok Kim),조용수(Yong Soo Cho) 한국통신학회 2014 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.6