Carbofuran 이 쥐의 조직에 미치는 형태적 변화와 Phenobarbital Sodium 및 3- Methylcholanthrene 에 의한 억제효과

임요섭,한성수 ( Yo Sup Rim,Seong Soo Han ) 한국환경농학회 1997 한국환경농학회지 Vol.16 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the toxicological effects of carbofuran on the histological and fine structures in the kidney, liver, and brain of rat and also to clarify compensatory effects of phenobarbital sodium (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC) on the carbofuran toxicity. SPF albino rats were treated with carbofuran(3.8㎎/㎏), PB(60㎎/㎏), 3-MC(60㎎/㎏), carbofuran+PB, carbofuran+3-MC and subjected to the light microscopic study. In the kidney of rat, hemorrhage and extremely atropic change of renal corpuscles were frequently observed at 48 hrs after carbofuran treatment. Combination treatment groups of carbofuran and PB or 3-MC showed atrophic changes were largely recovered at 6 hrs, and the tissue findings of the kidney became similar to those of control group at 48 hrs after treatment. In the liver of rat treated only carbofuran, the degenerative and necrotic changes of hepatic lobules were frequently observed at 48 hrs after carbofuran treatment. Combination treatment of carbofuran and PB or 3-MC showed the hepatic lobules were similar to those of control groups at 6 hrs after the combination treatment. In the brain of rat treated with carbofuran alone, degenerative changes and dilation of capillary vessel of cerebral cortexes were observed at 48hrs after treatment. Combination treatment of carbofuran and PB or carbofuran and 3-MC showed the cerebral cortexes were similar to those of control groups at 6 hrs after the treatment. These results suggest that PB and 3-MC could regenerate the toxicity of carbofuran to the tissue of kidney, liver and brain of rat.

농약에 의한 참잉어 및 이스라엘잉어의 급성독성비교

임요섭,한성수 ( Yo Sup Rim,Seong Soo Han ) 한국환경농학회 1995 한국환경농학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study was carried out to compare the acute toxicity (96hr) of 13 chemicals to carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and israeli carp (Cyprinus israeli carpio L.) and the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in israeli carp exposed to five insecticides (diazinon, malathion, carbofuran, cartap, methomyl). LC_(50) values of acute toxicity of the chemicals to israeli carp were endosulfan 0.0061ppm, captafol 0.041ppm, chlorothalonil 0.073ppm, butachlor 0.48ppm, captan 0.14ppm, carbofuran 1.13ppm, cartap 1.15ppm, diazinon 1.35ppm, nitrofen 3.72ppm, methomyl 4.39ppm, propanil 10.61ppm, malathion 11.78ppm and isoprothiolane 12.81ppm. The acute toxicity of endosulfan 0.0061ppm was 2100 times higher than that of isoprothiolane 12.81ppm. LC_(50) values of acute toxicity of the chemicals to carp were endosulfan 0.0026ppm, captafol 0.062ppm, chlorothalonil 0.078ppm, captan 0.14ppm, and butachlor 0.47ppm, carbofuran 0.52ppm, nitrofen 0.58ppm, diazinon 0.81ppm, cartap 0.82ppm, methomyl 5.03ppm, propanil 10.67ppm, malathion 11.92ppm, and isoprothiolane 13.20ppm. The acute toxicity of endosulfan was 5,000 times higher than that of isoprothiolane. The toxicity of diazinon, carbofuran, cartap, endosulfan, and nitrofen to carp was approximately 2-6 times as high as that to israeli carp, but the toxicity of malathion, methomyl and captafol to israeli carp was slightly higher than that to carp. AchE activity was inhibited by 31% and 52% after 96hr`s exposure of israeli carp to diazinon and malathion respectively. GST activity in israeli carp was significantly induced by methomyl exposure for 96 hr.

쥐에서 Phenobarbital Sodium 및 3-Methylcholanthrene 이 14C-carbofuran 의 대사에 미치는 영향

임요섭(Yo Sup Rim),한성수(Seong Soo Han) 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.1

In order to elucidate the effect of phenobarbital sodium (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on metabolism of insecticide carbofuran in rat. Carbofuran metabolites and its formation rates were determined when orally administered ^(14)C-carbofuran alone and its combination with PB or 3-MC to rat. ^(14)C-carbofuran administered orally, alone or in combination with PB or 3-MC, was secreted rapidly within 48 hrs. That is, 79.9 to 81.1% of the original radioactivity was secreted into the urine and 5.7 to 6.5% into the feces. The secretion rate was faster in the combined administration than that in carbofuran alone. Metabolites of carbofuran in main organs, urine, feces and blood of rat were largely 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran phenol, 3-ketocarbofuran phenol, and carbofuran phenol, the major ones being 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran, respectively, in all administrations of carbofuran alone, carbofuran+PB and carbofuran+3-MC. In addition, formation rate of the two major metabolites detected in the urine was 17.4% and 12.8%, respectively, when carbofuran alone was administered. Meanwhile, when carbofuran was administered with PB or 3-MC, they were 8.6% and 23.5, repectively. These results indicate that the oral administration of PB or 3-MC can reduce carbofuran toxicity by fastening and stimulating the carbofuran metabolism in rat.

몇 가지 식물추출물이 배양 NIH3T3 섬유모세포의 세포생존율과 세포부착률에 미치는 세포독성에 관한 연구

임요섭 ( Yo-sup Rim ),송원섭 ( Won-seob Song ),서영미 ( Young-mi Seo ),박승택 ( Seung-taeck Park ),김신무 ( Shin-moo Kim ) 대한임상검사과학회 2010 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.42 No.3

This study was aimed to clerify the cytotoxicity of some plant extracts such as Hosta longissima HONDA (HL), Hemerocallis fulva var. Kwanso REGL (HFVK), Hemerocallis fulva L (HF), Macrocapium officinale NAKAI (MO) and Mentha canadensis var. piperascens HARA (MCVP), the cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts were treated with 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μg/mL of five kinds of plant extracts for 48 hours, respectively. The cytotoxicity of plant extracts was measured by MTT and NR assays for the cell viability, and XTT assay for the cell adhesion activity. In this study, HL, MO and FHVK extracts showed the range of midtoxic-non toxic by the criteria of chemical cytotoxicity. While, the HF and MCVP extracts showed midtoxic. In the extract cytotoxicity, HL, MO and FHVK extracts showed non-toxic by the criteria of extract cytotoxicity. While, HF extract was determined as lower-toxic. In the responsive sensitivity of each plant extract on colorimetric assays, HF extract was sensitive to mitochondrial enzyme by MTT assay, lysosomal enzyme by NR assay and mitochondrial nucleus by XTT assay. While, MCVP extract was sensitive to mitochondrial enzyme by MTT assay and lysosomal enzyme by NR assay than other assays. While, HL, HFVK and MO extracts were most sensitive to NR assay. Cell culture is one of useful materials in the screening of cytotoxic and recovary effect on the putative chemical agents or plant extract. And also, colorimetric assay is regarded as very useful tools for quantitative measurement of cytotoxic effect on plant extracts in vitro.

Paraquat 및 Bentazone 의 세포독성과 흰쥐 간에서 3-Methylcholanchrene 의 독성경감효과

임요섭(Yo Sup Rim),한두석(Du Seok Han) 한국환경농학회 2001 한국환경농학회지 Vol.20 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate cytotoxicity of paraquat or bentazone on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, toxicity of paraquat or bentazone, and compensatory effects of 3-Methylcholanthrene(3-MC) on the rat liver. In order to MTT assay, the 5.0 × 10⁴ cell/mL of NIH 3T3 fibroblast in each well of 24 multidish were cultured. After 24 hours, the cells were treated with solution of paraquat or bentazone(1, 25, 50, 100 μM respectively). After the NIH 3T3 fibroblast of all groups were cultured in same condition for 48 hours. MTT assay were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cell organelles. Paraquat or bentazone MTT_(50) were 1668.97 μM and 1506.97 μM, respectively. These IC_(50) of paraquat or bentazone were decided low cytotoxicity by Borenfreund. In order to observe the toxicity and compensatory effects of paraquat or bentazone on the rat liver, Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as experimental animals and divided into paraquat or bentazone only treated group and simultaneous application group of paraquat or bentazone and 3-MC. At 30 min and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hrs interval after each treatment, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation and liver were immediately removed, immersed in fixatives, and processed with routine method for light microscopic study. Paraffin sections were stained with H-E, PAM and Best Carmine. Under the light microscope, degenerative changes of hepatic lobules were frequently observed in portal area from 3 hrs after paraquat or bentazone treatment. All hepatic cells were induced degenerative change at 12 hrs and more severe degenerative change at 48 hrs after paraquat or bentazone treatment. Especially, hepatic cells of bentazone only treated group were distinctly showed pyknotic. Glycogen granules were increased in portal area at 3 hrs, all hepatic cells at 12 hrs and remarkably increased at 48 hrs after paraquat or bentazone treated group. But hepatic cells of bentazone only treated group were regeneration at 48 hrs from portal area and glycogen granules of hepatic cells of paraquat or bentazone and 3-MC combination treated group showed in central area only at 48 hrs. The results indicate that 3-MC may be decrease paraquat or bentazone cytotoxicity on the rat liver.

살충제 Carbofuran과 Phenobarbital Sodium 및 3-Methylcholanthrene이 쥐의 효소활성에 미치는 영향

임요섭(Yo-Sup Rim),한성수(Seong-Soo Han) 한국농약과학회 1999 농약과학회지 Vol.3 No.3

Paraquat의 세포독성과 흰쥐의 폐에서 3-Methylcholanthrene의 독성경감효과

임요섭(Yo-Sup Rim),김덕수(Doc-Soo Kim),한두석(Du-Seok Han),황인택(In-Taek Hwang) 한국농약과학회 2002 농약과학회지 Vol.6 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate cytotoxicity of paraquat on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, toxicity of paraquat and compensatory effects of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on the rat lung. In order to conduct MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl -2H-tetrazolium-bromide] and NR (Neutral red) assay, the 5.0×10⁴ cell/㎖ of NIH 3T3 fibroblast in each well of 24 multi-dish were cultured. After 24 hours, the cells were treated with solution of paraquat (1, 25, 50 and 100 μM respectively). After the NIH 3T3 fibroblast of all groups were cultured in same condition for 48 hours. MIT and NR assay were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cell organelles. MIT?? and NR?? of paraquat were 1668.97 μM and 1030.85 μM, respectively. These IC?? of Paraquat were decided as a low cytotoxicity by Borenfreund and Puemer (1984). In order to observe the toxicity and compensatory effects of paraquat on the rat lung, Spraque Dawley male rats were used as experimental animals and were divided into paraquat only treated group and simultaneous application group of paraquat and 3-MC, at 30 min and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hrs interval after each treatment. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation and their or the lungs were immediately removed, immersed in fixatives, and were processed with routine method for light microscopic study. Paraffin sections were stained with H&E and iron hematoxylin of Verhoeff. Under the light microscopy, erythrocytes were full in alveolar capillaries at 3 hrs and congested at 24 hrs after paraquat administration. The great alveolar cells (Type Ⅱ cell) were increased and mitosis of great alveolar were observed in interalveolar septa. Many lymphocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were observed in connective tissue surrounding lung tissue and germinal center in lymph follicles of terminal bronchiole. Alveolar macrophages were increased in interalveolar septa and alveoli at 48 hrs. And observed many alveolar macrophages at 96 hrs. In iron hematoxylin stain of Verhoeff, Collagen fiber were increased in respiratory bronchiole, interalveolar septa and alveoli and breath of alveoli, and alveolar pore were broaden. But, in paraquat plus 3-MC treated group, morphological changes were mild in lung tissue. These results indicate that 3-MC has a compensatory effects against toxicity of paraquat by conjugation with oxygen.

제초제 paraquat와 bentazon의 세포독성과 3-methylcholanthrene의 독성경감효과

임요섭(Yo Sup Rim),서대호(Dae Ho Seo),한두석(Du Seok Han) 한국독성학회 2001 Toxicological Research Vol.17 No.2

This study were carried out to investigate cytotoxicity oj paraquat and bentazon that is scattering to farm products were essential for human diet and compensatory effects of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, The 5.0×10⁴cell/ml of NIH 3T3 fibroblast in each well of 24 multidish were cultured. After 24 hours, the cells were treated with solution of paraquat and bentazon (1, 25, 50, 100 J.1M respectively). After the NIH 3T3 Jib rob last of all groups were cultured in same condition for 48 hours, Sulfohordamin B Protein (SRB) assay were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cell organelles. Paraquat and bentazon SRB50 were 1860.73 J.μM, 1913.38 J.μM respectively. In vivo, Sprague Dawley male rats divided into paraquat and bentazon only administered group and simultaneous application group of paraquat and bentazon and 3-MC. At 30 min. and I, 3, 6, 12,24,48 and 96 hrs. interval after each treatment, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation and kidney were immediately removed, immersed in fixatives, and processed with routine method for light microscopic study. Paraffin sections were stained with H-E, PAM, and PAS. Under the light microscope, atrophic change of renal corpuscles were frequently observed from 3 hrs after paraquat and bentazon treatment. The increase of the mesangium was apparent 12 hrs later after paraquat and bentazon treatment. Necrotic changes of the epithelium and loss of brush border of proximal tubules were most severe at 48 hrs after paraquat and bentazon treatment, respectively. In contrast there were no evidences of the toxic effects on renal tissues at 48hrs in paraquat and bentazon plus 3-MC treated groups.

환경오염원인 납의 신경독성에 대한 NMDA 수용체 길항제의 보호 효과

손영우,임요섭,서영미,Kim, Young-Wo,Rim, Yo-Sup,Seo, Young Mi 한국산업보건학회 2017 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the neurototoxicity of the environmental pollutant lead acetate(LA) and the protective effect of the D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid(APV), N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor antagonist on LA-induced cytotoxicity in cultured C6 glioma cells. Materials and Methods: For this study, cell viability in cultured C6 glioma cells was assessed by XTT assay and antioxidative effect, such as lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, by LDH detection kit. Results: LA significantly decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and the XTT50 value was determined to be 33.3 uM of LA. The cytotoxicity of LA was deemed highly toxic according to Borenfreund and Puerner's toxic criteria. The vitamin E antioxidant significantly increased cell viability damaged by LA-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. For the protective effect of APV on LA-induced cytotoxicity, APV significantly increased not only cell viability, but also inhibition of LDH activity. From these results, it is suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the neurotoxicity of LA, and APV effectively protected against LA-induced cytotoxicity via an antioxidative effect as an inhibotory activity of LDH. Conclusions: Natural resources like APV may be putative therapeutic agents for the toxic diminution of environmental pollutants such as LA correlated with oxidative stress.

살충제 Carbofuran 이 쥐의 NIH3T3 섬유모세포에 끼치는 독성 및 Phenobarbital Sodium 과 3- Methylcholanthrene 에 의한 보상효과

한성수,임요섭 ( Seong Soo Han,Yo Sup Rim ) 한국환경농학회 1997 한국환경농학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of phenobarbital sodium(PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC) on carbofuran cytotoxicity and to develop antitoxic agents based on the effectivness. Experimental groups for carbofuran cytotoxicity were divided into five groups ; medium alone and four treatments of carbofuran (1, 25, 50 and 100μM), and those for compensation effects were divided into six groups ; medium alone, IC_(50) carbofuran and four combinations of carbofuran and PB or 3-MC(IC_(50) carbofuran plus 1, 25, 50, 100μM of PB and 3-MC, respectively). After incubation for 48 hrs under the same conditions, MTT(Tetrazolium MTT), NR(Neutral red) and SRB(Sulforhodamine B protein) assay were performed. Fifty percentage inhibition of MTT, NR, and SRB against carbofuran in rat fibroblast cell were 60.7, 82.5 and 87.0μM, respectively. At the combination treatments of IC_(50) of carbofuran and 100μM of PB, the significant compensation effects were observed from the results of MTT and NR but not from that of SRB absorbance. And at the combination treatments of IC_(50) of carbofuran and 3-MC, the relatively significant compensation effects were found at 50μM 3-MC from the results of MTT and at 100μM 3-MC from that of NR and SRB absorbances, respectively. From the results of light microscopy, combination treatments of carbofuran(IC_(50)) and PB or 3-MC showed good regeneration in carbofuran toxicity of rat fibroblast cells. These results suggest that PB or 3-MC can compensate the cytotoxity of carbofuran insecticide in rat NIH3T3 fibroblast cells.