농업용(사료용) 유전자변형생물체의 위해성심사 제도 분석 및 환경위해성평가 관련 쟁점에 대한 고찰

임명호,윤상대,김은영,오성앵,박순기,Myung-Ho Lim,Sang Dae Yun,Eun Young Kim,Sung Aeong Oh,Soon-Ki Park 한국식물생명공학회 2023 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.50 No.1

지난 2008년 유전자변형생물체 관련 법이 공식 발효된 이후 연간 평균 일천만톤 정도의 유전자변형 옥수수, 콩, 면실, 카놀라 등이 수입되고 7개 작목에서 약 191건에 대한 수입 승인 절차가 진행되었다. 이중 후대교배종을 제외한 약 90건은 인체, 작물재배환경, 자연생태환경, 해양수산환경의 4개 분야의 협의심사를 통한 위해성심사가 수행되었다. 해외에서 생산된 유전자변형작물을 한국으로 수출하는 주요 이해 당사자인 개발사들은 협의심사의 절차적 비효율성, 위해성 평가의 본질에서 벗어난 협의기관의 관점이 반영된 심사, 식품사료가공용 용도에 맞지않는 과도한 심사, 친숙성과 실질적동등성을 반영하지 아니한 한국 특이적인 보완자료 요구 등의 문제를 제기하였다. 이에 대하여 협의심사를 담당하는 부처/기관은 국내로 알곡 형태로 수입되는 유전자변형작물의 빈번한 비의도적 환경방출 사례를 근거로 한국의 기후와 자연환경을 반영한 심사가 필요함을 주장하였다. 또한 협의심사를 담당하는 부처는 국제적 지침에 따라서 위해성 평가의 원칙과 방법에 근거하여 소관 부처의 전문성을 반영하는 심사를 수행함을 주장하였다. 본 논문은 이들 유전자 변형작물이 식품, 사료(농업), 또는 가공(산업) 용도로 수입되는 친숙한 농업 작물으로 안전하게 이용된 사실에 근거하여, 논란이 되어온 농업용 용도에 해당되는 위해성평가 세부 몇개 항목에 대해 합리적인 대안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이러한 대안들이 현재의 LMO법 규정의 범위 내에서 주요이해당사자의 이해충돌을 완화할 수 있는 현실적인 대안이 되기를 기대한다. Since the implementation of the Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) Act in 2008, approximately 10 million tons of genetically modified corn, soybean, potato, canola, and other crops have been imported into South Korea. The import approval procedures have been completed for approximately 191 cases that include seven crops. Of these, approximately 90 cases, excluding crossbreeds of approved LMOs, were reviewed via consultation risk evaluation in four areas: human health, crop culture, natural ecology, and marine fishery environment. LMO developers in South Korea, who are major stakeholders in the import of LMO crops produced overseas, have raised concerns regarding procedural inefficiency in consultation reviews and the need of excessive reviews that are unsuitable for food-feed processing purposes. These procedures reflect the perspective of consultation agencies that deviate from the nature of risk assessment and demand specific supplementary data that do not reflect familiarity and substantial equilibrium. Based on frequent instances of unintentional environmental release of LMO crops imported into Korea, the ministries responsible for consultation insist on a review that considers the climate and natural environment of Korea. In addition, the ministries mandate that their reviews reflect the expertise of competent ministries and are based on risk assessment principles and methods in accordance with international guidelines. In this regard, considering that traits introduced into LMO crops involving familiar agricultural crops have been considered safe for more than two decades, we have suggested reasonable alternatives to several risk assessment items for agricultural LMOs. These alternatives can mitigate conflicts of interest among key stakeholders within the scope of the current LMO regulations.

성도착증 혹은 성적 가해자의 인지행동치료

임명호,유동수,이재우,Lim, Myung Ho,Yoo, Dong Soo,Lee, Jae Woo 대한불안의학회 2014 대한불안의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Non-pharmacological treatments have long been used for paraphilia or sexual offenders, but few clinical studies were conducted. However, recently there were issued cognitive behavioral therapy of paraphilia or sexual offenders based on the research findings obtained so far. In addition, there were the changes of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder by American Psychiatric Association at 2014. The methods of cognitive behavioral therapy for paraphilia or sexual offenders were electric aversion therapy, olfactory aversion therapy, ammonia aversion therapy, covert sensitization, masturbatory reconditioning, directed masturbation, verbal satiation, social skill training, assertiveness training etc. By synthesizing the newly reported foreign guidelines for treatment and review articles, the aim of this study is to investigate the non-pharmacologic therapies used for treatment of paraphilia or sexual offenders.

외상성 뇌손상 후 이차적으로 발생한 성인 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애에서 OROS Methylphenidate의 치료효과:증례 및 고찰

임명호,이우철,Lim, Myung Ho,Lee, Woo Chul 대한생물정신의학회 2005 생물정신의학 Vol.12 No.2

The incidence of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder secondary to the traumatic brain injury, such as traffic accidents, is increasing;the variety of the treatment modality is also increasing. This case was studied to see if OROS Methylphenidate(Concerta), which is one of the most commonly used medication in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients, not only improves the patient's attention, but also their impulsivity, hyperactivity and aggression. According to the case result, the medication showed an improvement of the impulsivity, aggression, and attention in the secondary Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients after the traumatic brain injury. 교통사고 등에 의한 외상성 뇌손상에서 이차적으로 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애가 나타나는 경우가 점차 증가하고 있으며, 이에따른 치료방법도 점차 다양화되고 있는 추세이다. 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애에서 많이 사용되어지는 OROS Methylphenidate를 환자에게 투여하여 인지적인 개선뿐만아니라 충동성, 산만함, 공격성 등의 증상에 효과가 있는지의 여부를 살펴보고자 하였다. 약물투여 전에 비하여 약물투여 후에 환자는 충동성, 공격성, 부주의의 개선효과를 나타내었다.

틱장애 혹은 뚜렛장애의 비약물치료

임명호(Myung Ho Lim),이영림(Young Lim Lee),김붕년(Bung-Nyun Kim) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2014 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.25 No.2

Tic disorder is a childhood neuropsychological disorder characterized by abrupt, involuntary, and repetitive stereotyped muscle movement or vocal sound. Tourette’s disorder shows a chronic prognosis, and can last for life if no treatment is applied. Although tic disorder has been known for ages, the underlying cause is still not well known. Non-pharmacological treatments have long been used for the tic disorder, but few clinical studies were conducted. However, the European Society for the Study of Tourette’s Syndrome recently issued non-pharmacologic guidelines for treatment of tic disorders based on the research findings obtained so far. In addition, guidelines for non-pharmacologic evidence-based treatment were reported in Canada, North America. By synthesizing the newly reported foreign guidelines for treatment and review articles, the aim of this study is to investigate the non-pharmacologic therapies used for treatment of tic disorder or Tourette’s disorder.

만성 항공기 소음 노출과 아동의 지속주의력과 연속수행능력 및 인지기능

임명호(Myung Ho Lim),박영현(Young Hyun Park),이우철(Woo Chul Lee),백기청(Ki Chung Paik),김현우(Hyun Woo Kim),김현주(Hyun Joo Kim),노상철(Sang Chul Rho),김혜영(Hae Young Kim),권호장(Ho Jang Kwon) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2007 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.18 No.2

초등학교 특수학급아동의 임상적 진단 및 감정·행동특성 연구

임명호(Myung Ho Lim),강진경(Jin Kyung Kang),이주현(Joo Hyun Lee),김현우(Hyun Woo Kim) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2006 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.17 No.2

만성 항공기 소음 노출에 따른 우울ㆍ불안ㆍ스트레스 민감성 및 수면 변화

임명호(Myung Ho Lim),강진경(Jin Kyung Kang),김현우(Hyun Woo Kim),백기청(Ki Chung Paik),김현주(Hyun Joo Kim),노상철(Sang Chul Rho),권호장(Ho-Jang Kwon) 대한스트레스학회 2009 스트레스硏究 Vol.17 No.1

만성적인 소음노출은 정신 건강에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구는 만성적인 항공기 소음 노출의 정도에 따른 우울·불안·스트레스 민감성 및 수면 변화의 연관성을 알아보고자 시행하였다. 전투기소음 노출지역에 거주하는 주민 542명과 헬리콥터소음 노출지역에 거주하는 주민 150명, 그리고 대조지역에 거주하는 주민 259명을 연구대상으로 하였으며 역학적인 설문 및 불면증 심도평가지, 한국판 Epworth 졸림증 척도, 피츠버그 수면의 질 평가지, 불안 민감성 척도, Beck 불안척도, Beck 우울척도, 스트레스반응척도 등을 시행하였다. 결과적으로 소음노출 수준에 따라 설문지조사에서 불안관련증상 및 우울관련 증상이 많았으며, 소음노출수준에 따라 수면장애에서 유의한 차이를 보였고, 또한 전반적인 정신병리를 측정하는 스트레스반응척도 점수 등에서 소음노출정도에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였으나, 거의 모든 요인에서 차이가 있어서 소음에 특이한 변인은 따로 발견되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 만성적인 항공기 소음노출이 정신건강과 밀접한 연관성이 있는 것으로 추정할 수 있으나 추후 방법적인 개선을 보완한 대단위의 연구결과가 필요할 것으로 보인다. This study was focused on the influence of chronic aircraft noise exposure on adult depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, stress sensitivity, and sleep. We enrolled 796 in 11 areas near air base in Korea. Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Stress Response Inventory involving helicopter noise-impacted urban area and high and moderate fighting plane noise-impacted urban area were compared with the low-aircraft noise-impacted urban areas. Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory Beck Depression Inventory, Stress Response Inventory were significantly higher in the helicopter noise and the fighting plane noise compared to the low noised group. Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Stress Response Inventory significantly higher in the helicopter noise and a fighting plane noise compared to the low noise group. Chronic aircraft noise group was associated with sleep disturbance. Also therefore, there was a possibility for chronic aircraft noise exposure was associated with depression, anxiety symptom, stress sensitivity, and anxiety sensitivity. (Korean J Str Res 2009;17:1∼10)

농업용(사료용) 유전자변형생물체의 위해성심사 제도 분석 및 환경위해성평가 관련 쟁점에 대한 고찰

임명호(Myung-Ho Lim),윤상대(Sang Dae Yun),김은영(Eun Young Kim),오성앵(Sung Aeong Oh),박순기(Soon-Ki Park) (사)한국식물생명공학회 2023 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.50 No.4

Liposome 을 이용한 Ti Plasmid 의 꽃담배 원형질체내 도입

임명호(Myung Ho Lim),정재동(Jae Dong Jeong),김인주(In Soo Kim) 한국응용생명화학회 1994 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.37 No.5

Ti plasmid of A. tumefaciens was labeled with ³H-thymidine, purified and encapsulated into phosphatidylserine (PS) and PS-cholesterol (Chol; 1 : 1 molar ratio) liposomes by lyophilization-rehydration method. PS was supplemented with 1 mole percent octadecyl rhodamine B for fluorometric measurement of PS. Liposomes entrapping ³H-Ti plasmid were fused with Nicotiana sanderae protoplasts by treating with 5 mM CaCl₂ and 10% PEG. The fusion was evidenced by fluorescence microscopic technique. The amounts of Ti plasmid and PS associated with protoplasts were assayed by the radioactivity of ³H-Ti plasmid and by the fluorescence of rhodamine B. About 7.9% of the PS liposome and 7.2% of PS-Chol liposome were fused with protoplasts. During the fusion process, about 30% of the liposomal contents of PS-Chol liposome was leaked. in contrast to about 60% leakage of its contents in PS liposome. Accounting the number of liposomes fused with protoplasts together with the encapsulation efficiency and the leakage of liposomal contents, it was calculated that ca. 1,700 Ti plasmid was transfered into one protoplast by the present method. This result may indicates that the present method transfers enough Ti plasmid into plant protoplast to elicit genetic transformation of plants.

Methylphenidate에 의해서 유발된 주의력결핍-과잉행동장애 환자의 수면장애에 대한 Mirtazapine의 치료효과 : 증례 및 고찰

임명호(Myung Ho Lim),이우철(Woo Chul Lee),이상구(Sang Koo Lee),이창민(Chang Min Lee),김현우(Hyun Woo Kim),왕성근(Seong-Keun Wang) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2006 생물치료정신의학 Vol.12 No.2

주의력결핍-과잉행동장애(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)는 소아청소년시기에 5~10%의 유병율을 갖고 있는 매우 흔한 질환이다. 주의력결핍-과잉 행동장애에서 임상적으로 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 methylphenidate는 과잉행동 및 주의력 개선에 70~85% 정도의 높은 증상 개선율을 갖고 있지만 반면에 수면장애, 식욕부진, 두통 등의 부작용을 호소하는 아동으로 인하여 임상적으로 어려움을 겪기도 한다. 한편 mirtazapine은 노르아드레날린과 세로토닌의 신경전달을 함께 강화하는 새로운 항우울제이며, 또한 mirtazapine은 히스타민 수용체와 아드레날린성 및 콜린성 수용체를 길항함으로써 우울장애에 함께 수반된 수면장애에도 효과가 있었음을 보고하는 외국사례가 있었다. 본 저자는 주의력결핍-과잉행동장애로 진단받은 6세 아동에서 methylphenidate 투여를 시작한 이후 이차적으로 발생한 수면장애에 대해서 항우울제인 mirtazapine을 투여하여 수면다원 검사상 서파수면의 증가 및 REM수면의 감소 등 객관적인 수면장애 증상 개선을 보였기에 이를 보고하고 문헌을 함께 고찰하고자 한다. Objectives:This case presents a 6 year-old-boy diagnosed with ADHD. The patient was hospitalized under the chief complaint of hyperactivity behavior and distracted inattention. A secondary sleep disorder was found after 10㎎ qd of methylphenidate was started, administering mirtazapine revealed improvement of sleep disorder. Case:On July 9 2005, the child was hit by a small vehicle on the road between his apartment and a shopping mall. After this accident a child was referred for treatment of hyperactivity and distractibility. After adding 10mg qd of methylphenidate IR, his PSQI global score was 9 and his ISI total score was 15 which are consistent with moderate stage of insomnia. Polysomnography was performed to detect the objective sleep disorder. As a result of the increase of REM sleep and the decrease of REM latent period further investigation was carried out. From the 16th day of hospitalization 15㎎ of mirtazapine was given hs for a week. Soon after starting mirtazapine the child fell a sleep without whining time and his shouting were much improved. On a 7th day of mirtazapine administration, PSQI global score of 2 and ISI total score of 3 was noted which represented a significant improvement. Polysomnography was reperformed on the 10th day as a result the delay of REM latent period and the decrease of REM sleep as a normal range, The normalization of REM sleep rhythm and the increase of slow wave were objectively improved. Discussion:When methylphenidate is used in the treatment for ADHD, Clinical course shows a sleep disorder in 29~64% of ADHD subjects. mirtazapine(Remeron), the antidepressant, has an antagonistic effect for 5HT2a receptor and is recently used for its effect in the improvement of sleep disorder. The Author hereby report that mirtazapine objectively improves sleeping disorders which often results from giving methylphenidate in ADHD.