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쥐의 포르말린 시험에서 척수강 Sildenafil의 항통각효과에 대한 GABA<sub>B</sub> 수용체 조절성
김웅모,윤명하,이형곤,한용구,김여옥,황란희,최금화,Kim, Woong Mo,Yoon, Myung Ha,Lee, Hyung Gon,Han, Yong Gu,Kim, Yeo Ok,Huang, Lan Ji,Cui, Jin Hua 대한통증학회 2007 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.20 No.2
Background: A phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, sildenafil, has been effective against nociception. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated the role of the GABAergic pathway in the modulation of nociception. The impact of the GABA receptors on sildenafil was studied using the formalin test at the spinal level. Methods: Male SD rats were prepared for intrathecal catheterization. The formalin test was induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin solution. The change in the activity of sildenafil was examined after pre-treatment with GABA receptor antagonists ($GABA_A$ receptor antagonist, bicuculline; $GABA_B$ receptor antagonist, saclofen). Results: Intrathecal sildenafil dose-dependently attenuated the flinching observed during phase 1 and 2 in the formalin test. The antinociceptive effect of sildenafil was reversed by the $GABA_B$ receptor antagonist (saclofen) but not by the $GABA_A$ receptor antagonist (bicuculline) in both phases. Conclusions: Intrathecal sildenafil suppressed acute pain and the facilitated pain state. The antinociception of sildenafil is mediated via the $GABA_B$ receptor, but not the $GABA_A$ receptor, at the spinal level.
트리 구조의 BOM(Bill of Material)에 기초한 고성능 MRP(Material Requirement Planning) 시스템
나홍범(Hong-bum Na),이형곤(Hyung-gon Lee),박진우(Jinwoo Park) 한국정밀공학회 2006 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.5월
The primary role of MRP(Material Requirement Planning) is to make a production plan so that we have an exact quantity of right materials on needed time at right place. But the ignorance on capacity constraints makes some problems whenever production schedule is established. To increase the performance of MRP system, a novel approach which is based on new input data structure is suggested. The new input data structure includes all the information about Material BOM, Routing and resource data so that we can easily examine the usage of resources and generate higher performance production plans.
방조제 건설이후 아산만 대형저서동물 군집 구조에 영향을 주는 환경요인
유옥환 ( Ok Hwan Yu ),이형곤 ( Hyung Gon Lee ),이재학 ( Jae Hac Lee ) 한국환경생물학회 2011 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.29 No.4
Although anthropogenic disturbance of 20 years duration affects benthic habitats, few studies have examined its effects on the macrobenthic communities of a bay. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of environmental variables on the macrobenthic communities after the construction of the Hwaong dike. Macrobenthos were collected at 22 sites using a Smith McIntyre grab (0.1 m2) in August 2007 and February 2008. Total organic content was very low around the Hwaong dike. Sediment grain size increased from the Hwaong dike to the outer bay. In total, 317 species of macrobenthic fauna were collected and the mean density was 1,155 ind. m 2, both of which were higher than the results of previous studies. The dominant species, Hetermastus filiformis, known to be a potential pollution indicator, was more abundant near the Hwaong dike. Conversely, species sensitive to organic pollution, such as the polychaete Ampharete arctica and the ophiuroid Amphioplus squamata, exhibited higher mean densities in areas distant from the dike. A cluster analysis indicated that the macrobenthic community was divided into two distinct groups: group I near the dike and group II in the outer bay, which were affected by sediment grain size and total organic content. This study suggests that variations in sediment grain size and organic content after dike construction are important factors controlling the macrobenthic community in Asan Bay.
척수신경 결찰 모형에서 Morphine 내성 유도가 Gabapentin의 항이질통 효과에 미치는 영향
최금화 ( Jin Hua Cui ),이형곤 ( Hyung Gon Lee ),김웅모 ( Woong Mo Kim ),배홍범 ( Hong Beom Bae ),윤명하 ( Myung Ha Yoon ),최정일 ( Jeong Il Choi ) 대한마취과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.56 No.1
Background: Morphine is more effective in inflammatory or acute pain than neuropathic pain. Recently, some reports demonstrated that the development and maintenance of opioid tolerance and neuropathic pain have similar aspects. Here, we evaluated whether morphine tolerance affects the anti-allodynic effect of gabapentin in spinal-nerve ligated rat. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100-120 g received L5,6 spinal nerve ligation to induce neuropathic pain. Rats showing allodynia were implanted with intrathecal (i.t.) catheter to administer the experimental drugs into the subarachnoid space. To induce olerance to morphine, 15 μg of morphine was injected via i.t. catheter twice a day for 7 days, and the effect of i.t. gabapentin on the paw withdrawal threshold was examined using the von Frey test before and after the development of morphine tolerance. Results: Ligation of spinal nerves decreased the paw withdrawal threshold. Intrathecal morphine initially increased the paw withdrawal threshold, but this effect decreased gradually over time. However, morphine tolerance did not influence the effect of gabapentin on withdrawal threshold. Conclusions: Morphine tolerance did not affect gabapentin efficacay in a neuropathic pain model. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2009;56:74~8)
이원방조제 주변의 조간대 및 조하대 대형저서동물의 군집과 환경요인과의 관계
이재학 ( Jae Hac Lee ),유옥환 ( Ok Hwan Yu ),이형곤 ( Hyung Gon Lee ),박자양 ( Ja Yang Park ) 한국수산과학회 2004 한국수산과학회지 Vol.37 No.4
N/A Spatial patterns in the macrobenthic community structure in the inter- and subtidal zones in front of the Iwon Dike and environmental variables were examined in August 2001. In total, 156 macrobenthic species (123 intertidal species and 90 subtidal species) were recorded during this study, predominately polychaetes (40%), bivalves (22%), and crustaceans (22%). Polychaetes made up less than 40% of the intertidal community, but more than 50% of the subtidal community. The mean density during this study was 1,456 ind./m . Multivariate analysis (multidimensional scaling) revealed significant differences in community structure among four regions: near the Iwon dike (B1), the high and middle intertidal zone (B2), low intertidal zone (Al), and subtidal zone (A2). The number of species, total density, and diversity (H`) varied significantly among the four regions. The distribution of macrobenthic community was affected by environmental variables, such as % silt/clay content, total sulfide, lose of ignition, and chemical oxygen demand. These environmental variables were negatively correlated with the dominant species (Nephtys polybranchia, Umbonium thomasi, and Scoloplos armiger) in the intertidal area, but positively correlated with the dominant species (Lumbrineris cruzensis, Notomastus latericeus, and Moerella sp.) in the subtidal area. Environmental variables (% silt/clay content and total sulfide) were positively correlated with the dominant species (Heteromastus filiformis) in region B1, but negatively correlated with the dominant species (Umbonium thomasi and Scoloplos koreanus) in region B2. Amphipods Urothoe spp. and Monoculodes koreanus were the dominant species in region Al. Umbonium thomasi, the dominant species in region B2, was not found in regions B1 or Al. We suggest that the inter-specific competition for territory and exposure to seawater may be important factors controlling the macrobenthic community structure in the inter- and subtidal zones in front of the Iwon Dike.