청원군 일개 면에서 산발적으로 신고한 세균성이질 집단 발병 역학조사

이용제,황의경,김종숙,김준영,이복권,구자설,강종원,Lee, Yong-Jae,Hwang, Ue-Kyoung,Kim, Jong-Suk,Kim, Jun-Young,Lee, Bok-Kwon,Koo, Ja-Seol,Kang, Jong-Won 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the source of infection and mode of transmission of shigellosis, which occurred sporadically among residents and students in a subcounty of Cheongwon county, Chungbuk province, Korea, from June 4 to July 3 2003. Methods: 692 subjects completed a questionnaire and provided a swab for microbiological examinations,and 7 environmental specimens were examined for bacterial organisms. PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) and fingerprinting were performed to find the genetic relationship among the temporally associated sporadic isolates. Results: A total of 29 patients had symptoms consistent with the case definition, with 13 confirmed and 16 suspected cases. The frequency of diarrhea was 6 times or more a day (80.8%), with a duration of 1 to 4 days (88.5%) in most cases. The most common symptoms accompanying the diarrhea were fever (80.9%) followed by abdominal pain (76.9%), headache (65.4%), chill (61.5%), vomiting (46.2%) and tenesmus (15.4%). The epidemic curve was characteristic of a person-to-person transmission. The PFGE and fingerprinting demonstrated identical or similar DNA patterns among the 3 Shigella sonnei isolates (A51, A53 and A61 types) found in this outbreak. Conclusion: A genetically identical strain of S. sonnei was estimated to be the cause of this outbreak, and the mode of transmission was most likely person-to-person.

모델축약: 프로그램다이어트

이용제,Lee, Yong-Je 한국전산구조공학회 2016 전산구조공학 Vol.29 No.1

장출혈성대장균 감염증의 역학적 특성 및 관리대책

이상원(Sang-Won Lee),이복권(Bok-Kwon Lee),이용제(Yang-Jae Lee),이희수(Hee-Soo Lee),정석찬(Suk-Chan Jung),곽효선(Hyo-Sun Kwak),최보율(Bo-Youl Choi) 한국역학회 2005 Epidemiology and Health Vol.27 No.1

E. coli is a bacterium that is commonly found in the gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. Most strains of E. coli are harmless. But some strains such as Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli(EHEC), can cause severe food borne disease. It is transmitted to humans primarily through consumption of contaminated foods, such as raw or undercooked ground meat. There is no widely agreed definition of when a shiga-toxin producing E. coli is considered to be an EHEC. But in Korea, the word "EHEC", "STEC", "VTEC" are often used as same meaning, which refer to the E.coli those producing shiga-toxin. We suggest the term STEC refers to those E. coli produce one or more shiga-toxins(stx), and the term EHEC refers only to STEC that cause a clinical illness. EHEC infection were designated as the class 1 notifiable disease in Korea in 2000. Although EHEC/STEC cases were not common in Korea, the number of STEC infection cases reported has increased since 2001. From 2001 to 2004, the number of STEC infection cases in Korea were 11, 8, 52, 118 respectively. These cases included 17 due to E. coli O157, 136 due to E. coli, serogroup non-O157, and 15 due to E. coli that were not serogrouped. The most common serotype implicated is E. coli O91 without virulent factor and clinical symptoms. But those cases involve in one epidemic in primary school in 2004. STEC infections in Korea occur in all age groups, with the highest frequencies in children less than 5 years old. Healthy cattle are the main animal reservoir for STEC and they harbor the organism as part of the bowel flora. The proportion of STEC in E. coli in animal feces was examined by using stool samples from 283 Korean beef cattle on 27 farms, 169 milk cattle on 28 frams, 455 swine on 50 farms. As determined by culture and toxin assay, the proportion of STEC was 25.8%(16 STEC/62 E. coli) in milk cattle, 18.8%(19 STEC/lOl E.coli) in Korean beef cattle, 14.0%(25 STEC/178 E. coli) in swine. Effective surveillance of EHEC/STEC in humans is essential in order to protect the public health. EHEC infection is notifiable in many countries including USA, Japan, and Belgium. Finland, Italy, Netherlands, and the United Kingdom(UK), have sentinel systems. England, Wales, and Scotland have comprehensive national laboratory reporting schemes for STEC. And there has been an increase in the number of reported cases and outbreaks during the past decades in many countries Prevention of STEC infection requires control measures at all stages of surveillace, investigations and special pathogen tracing such as PulseNet.

타이포그라피에서 ‘글자, 활자, 글씨’ 쓰임새 제안

이용제(Lee, yong-je) 한국타이포그라피학회 2010 글짜씨 Vol.2 No.1

호르몬 불균형과 상호작용의 통합적 이해 : 호르몬 불균형과 상호작용

이용제(Yong-Jae Lee) 대한기능의학회 2021 Journal of Korean Institute for Functional Medicin Vol.4 No.2

To summarize the maintenance of homeostasis in our body in terms of signal transduction, there are two major axes: the autonomic nervous system and hormones. The autonomic nervous system, one of the peripheral nerves, secretes neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine to affect target organs quickly and efficiently. Hormones can be viewed as signals that trigger larger changes in the DNA level after they are secreted into the blood and reach target cells. The autonomic nervous system plays the role of a fine screw that regulates the body s functions according to internal and external stimuli, while hormones play the role of a coarse screw. The autonomic nervous system plays the role of a fine screw that fine-tunes the body s functions according to internal and external stimuli, while hormones play the role of a coarse screw. Adrenal hormones are involved in the circadian cycle and vitality of life, and most actively cope with stress and external changes. It can also affect other hormones such as thyroid hormones, sex hormones, and insulin, and also interacts with the autonomic nervous system in the pituitary gland. In the past, growth hormone supplementation therapy was the main concern in the field of anti-aging medicine, but recently, research on the interaction between other hormones has become an important issue. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the integrated understanding and academic basis for the interaction between thyroid hormone, insulin, sex hormone, and neurotransmitter, focusing on adrenal hormone.

CMC 고정화 Photobacterium phosphoreum의 생체발광량을 이용한 독성농도(EC<SUB>50</SUB>)의 QSAR 모델

이용제(Yong-Je Lee),허문석(Mun-Seok Her),이우창(Woo-Chang Lee),전억한(Uck-Han Chun) 한국생물공학회 2000 KSBB Journal Vol.15 No.3

한글에서 문장부호 ‘.’와 ‘,’의 문제

이용제(Lee Yong-je) 한국타이포그라피학회 2010 글짜씨 Vol.2 No.1

반도체 공정 기술과 이미지 센서의 발전

이용제(Yongjei LEE),김영찬(Youngchan KIM),장수진(Sujin JANG) 한국물리학회 2024 물리학과 첨단기술 Vol.33 No.4

온혈구검사와 일반화학검사의 기능의학적 재해석

이용제(Yong-Jae Lee) 대한기능의학회 2018 Journal of Korean Institute for Functional Medicin Vol.1 No.1

Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, and autonomic dysfunction could be predicted by using leukocyte count and clinical chemistry tests in addition to the traditional interpretations. This review focused on the integrative interpretations of complete blood count (CBC) and clinical chemistry from functional medicine perspectives. We conducted a review to assess the epidemiological associations between CBC and clinical chemistry from the database of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane. The CBC tests such as leukocyte count and platelet count and clinical chemistry tests including serum blood glucose, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, uric acid, and bilirubin are widely performed in primary care setting. Cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease are the three major causes of death in developed countries, wherein the crucial pathophysiology involves oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Low-grade inflammation accumulates due to the combination of innate constitution, detoxification, intestinal health, resilience to cope with stress, lifestyle behaviors including smoking, drinking and sleep, which in turn leads to higher inflammatory markers in blood. On the other hand, individuals with weakness also express various symptoms. Frailty is a common complication in patients with multiple discomforts such as sarcopenia, chronic fatigue, headache, dizziness, poor circulation, and multiple pain. Thus, it is important to understand who is in inflammation or in a weak state from a functional medicine perspective. CBC or clinical chemistry may help to identify individuals who are not functionally optimally are often in chronic inflammation or frailty state. 암, 심혈관질환, 동맥경화증, 당뇨병, 대사증후군, 근육감 소증, 자율신경증을 지닌 사람에게 온혈구검사와 일반화학검사 지표의 증가 또는 감소가 특징적인 양상을 보인다는 연구가 있다. 이 연구를 통해 PubMed 등의 검색엔진을 통해 백혈구, 혈소판 등의 온혈구검사와 혈당, 지질, 간기능, 요산, 빌리루빈 등의 임상화학검사를 통해 만성적인 염증이 있는 사람을 찾아내거나 허약한 사람을 찾아낼 수 있는 역학 및 임상연구를 문헌고찰하였다. 심혈관질환, 뇌 혈관질환과 대사증후군은 산화 스트레스와 만성적 저강도의 염증이 주요 병태생리 중 하나이다. 선천적인 기질 (체질), 해독, 장 건강, 스트레스에 대처하는 회복탄력성, 생활 습관(흡연, 음주, 수면) 등이 상호 복합적으로 작용하여 염증이 누적되며, 결과적으로 혈중 염증지표가 증가하여 심뇌혈관, 암, 대사증후군 발생에 기여한다. 이와 반대 로 허약한 사람도 여러 증상을 표현한다. 근육감소증, 만성피로, 두통, 어지럼증, 수족냉증, 다발성 통증 등 뚜렷하지 않은 여러 불편감이 복합적으로 혼재된 환자는 허약한 상태에 있는 경우가 많다. 온혈구검사와 임상화학검사에 대한 전통적 해석 외에도 온혈구검사, 임상화학검사를 이용하여 암, 심혈관 질환, 동맥경화증, 당뇨병, 대사증후군의 위험도를 예측할 수 있다는 증거가 제시되고 있다. 기능적으로 최적의 상태에 있지 않은 사람은 염증이나 허약한 상태에 있는 반건강상태의 사람을 찾아내는데, 온혈구 검사와 일반화학검사가 도움이 될 수 있다.

잉크를 ‘아끼는 글자’

이용제(Lee Yong-je) 한국타이포그라피학회 2009 글짜씨 Vol.1 No.1