현대한어 중 ‘A+著+數量’ 문형 연구

李阿衡(Lee, A-hyoung) 중국어문학연구회 2021 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.127

After the adjective is combined with the aspect marker "zhe(著)", several ingredients can come to the object position. In this study, We learned about sentence structure "Adj+zhe+numeral*quantifier(A+著+数量)". This sentence can be largely divided into comparative and descriptive sentences. First, look at the "A+著+数量" sentence used in the comparison sentence, we can find 156 examples of 24 adjectives in the BCC(a corpus website). The quantity component used in the comparison statement is the complement of quantity, which are the quantities in which the differences between comparison subjects and comparison objects are ambiguous. In terms of timeliness, it is not frequently used with time adverbs, however, by default, it represents a comparison of the adjective"s temporal point of view. Especially when the comparison target and object are time, the change in attributes over time and the temporal nature are noticeable. Next, look at the "A+著+数量" sentence used in the descriptive sentence, we can find 347 examples of 71 adjectives in the BCC(a corpus website). If you look at the time, the description is usually used with changeless time adverb. And if you look at the quantitative component of the "A+著+数量", It can be divided into Noun Measure Word and verbal measure words. In the case of individual classifier, the nouns are omitted afterwards, examining the noun component, it can be seen that the subclasses and existences of the relative object are dominated. And all of the quantity components that belong to this correspond to the limited designation. Among the Noun Measure Word, non-standard quantifier mainly represents the amount of time, and it can be seen that it represents the amount of time that represents the amount of persistence from the past to the present, from the present to the future, and the amount of repetitive persistence. And lastly, in the case of verbal measure words, it can be seen that the special verbal quantifiers and the borrowing active measure words are used. These can be seen that these verbal measure words plays the role of expressing the temporality of adjectives more vividly.

“A+著”的功能與意義

李阿衡(Lee, A-hyoung) 중국어문학연구회 2016 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.100

‘Adj+zhe’ is State-adjectives combined with an Attribute meaning of adjective and time meaning of ‘zhe’. ‘Adj+zhe’ is not modified by degree adverbs and negative words, and has the characteristics of state adjectives from syntax perspective. ‘Adj+zhe’ as the predicate of the sentence often appear time words, the words can be divided into constant time words and variable time words. Constant time words and time character of adjective are same. But variable time words change in the properties of adjectives. Therefore, ‘Adj+zhe’ had Qualitative changes in terms of the time representation of adjectives, so that enriched time performance mode of ‘Adj+zhe’. In terms of the function word of semantic analysis, ‘Adj+zhe’ has 6 meanings, there are the state of speaking time, moment, continuation(a.from the past to the present, b.From now to the future), repetition, variables(attributes enhanced), imperative, subjective expectation on the bud state.

“A+着”的賓語

이아형 ( Lee Ahyoung ) 한국중국언어학회 2016 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.66

1441個形容詞中能帶“着”的爲941個義項,其中將近半數的形容詞能帶賓語。但實際情況看,其賓語之間的特征大有不同。所以我們將“A+着”的賓語分爲三種:特殊賓語、使動賓語、抽象賓語。特殊賓語再可以分爲三種:“整體-部分”類、介賓類以及存在類。使動賓語可以分爲兩種:“整體-部分”類以及“原因-結果”類。抽象賓語基本上是施事和受事的關系。從與時間詞共現的角度看,特殊賓語只與恒量時間詞一起共現,使動賓語可以與恒量時間詞以及變量時間詞一起共現,與變量時間詞一起共現的比例更高,抽象賓語與時間詞的共現?自由。從此可見,雖然形容詞與“着”相結合后比形容詞更容易帶賓語,但是從賓語的內部情況看,“A+着”的賓語與動詞的賓語的屬性截然不同. 941 meaning of the 1441 meanings of the adjectives can bring ‘zhe`, nearly half of these adjectives can take an object. But the actual situation, the feature between the object are different. So we divide the object of “Adj+zhe” into three kinds, such as special object, causative object, abstract object. The special object can be divided into three kinds, for example, the class of ‘the whole-Part`, the class of Preposition object, the class of existential sentence. The causative object can be divided into two types, for example, the class of ‘the whole - Part`, the class of ‘Cause - result`. The abstract object basically is the relationship between the agent and the patient. From the perspective of the time word co-occurrence, the special object is only with constant time words together. The causative object is with constant time words and variable time words together, and the proportion of time words with variable time are higher than constant time words. Co-occurrence of The abstract object and the time words are free. From now on, even though after the adjective combines with ‘zhe`, can be easy to take object, but from the inside of the object,the object of ‘Adj+zhe` is different from the object of the verb.

현대한어 중 ‘A+착(着)+점인(点儿)’ 문형 분석 - 명령문을 중심으로

이아형 ( Lee Ahyoung ) 중국어문학회 2020 中國語文學誌 Vol.0 No.72

Through this study, it can be seen that ‘A+着+点儿’ used in an imperative sentence has the following characteristics. First, the subject in this sentence is the second person, ‘咱们’, and the permanent part of the second person subject. Next, looking at the grammatical characteristics of the predicate ‘A着点儿’, ‘A着点儿’ has the characteristics of a state adjectives, so Indefinite adverbs and degree adverbs cannot modify this. Therefore, it is used only in positive imperative sentences and not in negative imperative sentences. Due to the nature of the statement, it is not often used with adverbs of time, and it can be seen that most of them have a temporal and temporary characteristic. ‘A着点 儿’, which is used in places other than predicates, is used in coverbial sentence and pivotal sentence, adverbs, and complement positions. Next, looking at the noun component that comes in the place of the object of ‘A 着点儿’, All of them are part of Indirect Action Object(间接施动宾语), Unlike the object of ordinary verbs, when a ministry verb is added, it can be transposed to the subject and the meaning does not change. And it is used as a command for a specified section in time.

현대중국어 ‘(S)+A_asp+O’ 구문의 결합 양상 및 의미 확장

이아형 ( Lee Ahyoung ),정인정 ( Jung Injung ) 한국중국학회 2023 중국학보 Vol.103 No.-

본 연구는 색채 형용사(红, 黑)와 척도 형용사(高, 低, 大, 肥)가 ‘(S)+A_asp+O' 구문에서 활용될 때 발생하는 의미 해석 및 확장을 비대격 구문의 관점에서 살펴보는 것을 주요 논지로 하고 있다. 6종 형용사와 상표지 ‘A_asp'가 목적어 자리에 결합하는 성분들을 도표로 작성하고, 도표에 작성된 의미항을 기준으로 각 의미항의 비대격, 능격, 타동 용법을 바탕으로 의미 지도를 작성하였다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면, 먼저 ‘A_asp'에서 ‘了/着’와 결합한 후 목적어 성분을 가지는 경우는 비교적 빈번하게 발견되는 반면, ‘过’는 매우 제한적이었다. 다음으로 색채 형용사와 척도 형용사를 구분하여 보았을 때 색채 형용사는 ‘了/着/过’ 전체와 결합한 후 목적어 자리에 다양한 성분들을 가질 수 있다. 또한 기본 의미부터 확장의미까지 다양하게 활용되고 있으며, 특히 의미 확장 부분에서 같은 목적어 성분을 가지면서도 화용적으로 다양한 감정표현을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 대다수의 예문이 비대격 및 능격성을 가지고 타동성을 가지는 예문은 극소수에 불과했다. 반면 척도 형용사의 경우 상표지 ‘了/着'와만 빈번하게 결합하며, 상표지 ‘过’와 결합하는 경우는 매우 드물며, 있더라도 예문이 극소수에 불과하였다. 또한 색채 형용사와 비교했을 때 척도 형용사의 ‘(S)+A_asp+O' 구문은 의미 분화가 활발하게 이루어지지 않았으며, 의미분화는 비교적 단순하지만 일부 형용사 속성의 특징에 따라 ‘低’는 타동성이 두드러졌으며, ‘肥’는 능격성이 두드러지는 것을 알 수 있었다. This paper discusses the semantic interpretations and meaning extensions of color adjectives (红, 黑) and scale adjectives (高, 低, 大, 肥) used in the ‘(S)+A_asp+O’ construction from the perspective of unaccusativity. For the adjectives taking an object in Mandarin Chinese, existing studies focused on their event structure and predicate meaning. This paper focuses on the argument component and combinatorial patterns with ‘A_asp’. According to the thesis of this paper, the criterion for determining unaccusative, ergative, and transitive usage of ‘(S)+A_asp+O’ is the semantic role of the subject and the form of the object. In unaccusative usage, the semantic role of the subject comes with experiencer, time, locative, etc. No component is added when the theme argument is placed before the predicate. When ‘(S)+A_asp+O’ is interpreted as an ergative usage, the subject argument is the causer, and ‘使’ is added when the object component is transposed. When ‘(S)+A_asp+O’ has transitive usage, the subject argument is the agent, and ‘把’ is added when the object component is transposed. Regarding the extension meanings of color/scale adjectives, they can have various components in the objects. These adjectives are used in various ways from the basic meaning to the extended meaning and can be interpreted as abstract meanings such as emotional expressions that can be created as various semantic maps.

한중 번역에서의 인칭대명사 주어 처리 양상 대조 ― 소설 《프라자호텔》을 중심으로

임소정 ( Lim Sojeong ),이아형 ( Lee Ahyoung ) 한국중국어문학회 2024 中國文學 Vol.118 No.-

한국어와 중국어는 대표적인 고맥락 언어로 분류된다. 고맥락 언어는 비언어적 신호 및 발화 맥락에 대한 의존성이 높기 때문에 문장 성분을 일일이 명시적으로 드러내기보다는 편의상 함축하고 생략하는 특징을 보인다. 그러나 동일한 고맥락 언어라고 하여 한국어와 중국어의 문장 성분의 생략 양상이 동일하게 나타난다고 보기는 어려울 것이다. 이러한 관점에 착안하여 본 연구는 한국어(출발어)의 인칭대명사 주어가 중국어(도착어)로 번역되는 양상을 언어학적 관점에서 비교 대조하였으며, 한국어에서 ‘명시된 주어’와 ‘생략된 주어’가 각각 중국어에서는 어떻게 처리되는지를 ‘A명시→B명시’, ‘A명시→B생략’, ‘A생략→B명시’, ‘A생략→B생략’의 네 가지 유형으로 분류하여 면밀하게 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석 대상인 한국 소설 《프라자호텔》은 인칭대명사 주어의 사용 양상과 관련하여 영어, 프랑스어, 일본어 등 다양한 외국어로의 A-B 번역 양상 연구가 이미 진행된 바 있기에, 본 연구를 통해 세계 언어 속에서의 중국어의 좌표를 확인해 볼 수 있었다는 점에서도 의의가 있다고 판단된다. Korean and Chinese, as prototypical high-context languages, rely heavily on nonverbal cues and shared situational knowledge. While both utilize implication and omission, their strategies for processing sentence components, particularly person subject pronouns, diverge significantly. This study delves into the translation of Korean person pronouns into Chinese, offering a comprehensive analysis of how “overtly expressed subjects” and “implicitly omitted subjects” in Korean are rendered in Chinese. It examines how Chinese translations handle pronoun use in Korean texts, classified into four categories: overt → overt, overt → omitted, omitted → overt, and omitted → omitted. Focusing on the translation of the Korean novel Plaza Hotel, this research contributes to a broader understanding of Chinese’s position within the global linguistic landscape by building upon existing A-B translation studies exploring languages like English, French and Japanese.

중한 문학번역에서의 의태어 사용 전략 — 중국어 소설 『草房子』를 중심으로

박주현(PARK, JUHYUN),이아형(LEE, AHYOUNG) 한국중국어교육학회 2022 중국어교육과연구 Vol.- No.38