시민사회와 국제관계에 있어서 행위자문제

이병화(Lee Byung-Wha) 한국정치학회 1996 한국정치학회보 Vol.29 No.3

이 논문은 오늘날의 민주화와 세계화라는 세계사적 전환국면에서 시민사회의 성장과 확대가 외교정책의 결정과 집행에 미치는 영향관계를 규명하고, 국제관계에 있어서 행위자로서의 주권국가와 시민사회 단체들의 역할을 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 로즈노우의 연계이론과 퍼트남의 ‘양면게임’이론의 유용성을 확인하였다. 나아가서 국가간의 관계를 중심으로 하는 기존 국제정치학의 논의에 대해 관점의 심화와 확대를 추구하며, 그 간의 연구의 지평을 열어 준 국가론의 성과와 세계체제론에서는 엄밀한 이론적 체계 보다는 ‘내부 정치과정’과 ‘전체로서의 세계’라는 각각의 측면에 국한된 문제의식만을 수용하고자 하였다. 그리하여 종래에는 주권국가가 독점해 온 외교정책이 한계를 지니게 되었고, 국제관계에 있어서 행위주체의 다양화라는 문제가 등장하고 있다는 것을 규명하였다. 따라서 다국적기업, 인종단체, NGO, 국제기구 및 여성운동 단체들의 초국가적 활동에 주목할 필요가 높아지고 있다. 이러한 상황의 변화에도 불구하고 주권국가의 현실주의적 힘의 논리는 여전히 국제협상의 가장 중요한 요소로 건재하고 있는 시점이다. 여기에서 국가와 시민사회의 협동적 대응이 요구된다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 새로운 외교의 전개방향은 공개성, 균형성, 자율성 그리고 다양성 등과 같은 민주주의의 보편적 정향과 가치에 더한층 접근하는 방향으로 나아가야 한다고 결론지을 수 있다. 특히 초국가적 시민사회의 활동을 국가가 활용하기 위해서는 새로운 도전에 대응하는 제도화의 노력이 있어야 할 것이다. 다시말하면 시민사회와 국가의 연결사슬을 만드는 제도화가 필요한 시점이라고 하겠다. 여기에서 외교정책 형성과정의 구체적 과제를 제시하고자 한다.

정상인 힘 추적 능력 분석

이백희(Baekhee Lee),박현지(Hyunji Park),김성호(Sungho Kim),이병화(Byung Wha Lee),나덕렬(Duk L. Na),유희천(Heecheon You) 대한산업공학회 2015 대한산업공학회지 Vol.41 No.2

A reduction of motor performance due to brain disorders can be screened by evaluating force tracking capabilities (FTCs). Existing studies have examined FTCs mainly using simple sinusoidal waves, of which repeated profiles have a critical limitation due to a learning effect in force tracking. The present study examined the effects of personal factors (age and gender) and sinusoidal wave factors (central force and complexity) on FTCs of healthy adults using composite sinusoidal wave profiles (CSWPs). FTCs were measured using Finger TouchTM for 30 seconds and quantified in terms of time within the target range (TWR, accuracy measure) and relative RMSE (RRMSE, variability measure). A total of 90 healthy adults in 20s to 70s with the equal gender ratio participated in the experiment consisting of combinations of 2 central force levels (6 N and 10 N) and 2 complexity levels (approximate entropy, ApEn = 0.03 and 0.06) of CSWPs. Significantly decreased FTCs (lower TWR and higher RRMSE) were found in aged adults, females, the low central force, and the high complexity. The detailed FTC decrements include a 43% reduced TWR and a 85% increased RRMSE of older adults in 70s as compared to those in 20s, a 17% reduced TWR and a 17% increased RRMSE of female as compared to those of male, a 30% reduced TWR and a 108% increased RRMSE at central force = 6N when compared to those at central force = 10N, and a 19% reduced TWR and a 30% increased RRMSE at ApEn = 0.06 as compared to those at ApEn = 0.03. The characteristics of FTCs for CSWPs can be of use in establishing an assessment protocol of motor performance for screening brain disorders.

Tetraethoxysilane과 Chlorotrimethylsilane으로부터 PMMA 기재 위에 발수성 코팅 도막 제조

박종호 ( Jong Ho Park ),이병화 ( Byung Wha Lee ),송기창 ( Ki Chang Song ) 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.57 No.1

Water-repellent coating solutions were synthesized by hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions with water using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and chlorotrimethylsilane (CTMS) as precursors. The solutions were coated on a PMMA sheet and thermally cured to prepare non-fluorinated water-repellent coating films. Coating films were characterized by water contact angles, UV-Vis transmittance and surface morphology. The contact angle of coating films prepared by varying the molar ratio of CTMS/TEOS to 0.6~1.0 exhibited a maximum value of 107° when the CTMS/TEOS molar ratio was 0.8. The coating films showed a high transmittance over the visible range up to 90% when the CTMS/ TEOS molar ratios were 0.6~0.8. However, when the molar ratios of CTMS/TEOS were 0.9~1.0, the transmittance of coating films was lower than 70% due to an uneven shape of the rough surface.

일개지역의 보건의료서비스 이용 평가

안성희(Sung Hee Ahn),이병화(Byung Wha Lee) 한국간호행정학회 2005 간호행정학회지 Vol.11 No.4

This study was to evaluate the utilization of health care service and to provide supportive data for health care policy making in one urban area in Korea. Method: This study tested the significance of public health service using the database of an university hospital and public health center from Feb. 2000 to Dec. 2004. Data were analyzed by multidimensional analysis and data mining technique and produced the information on the classification of utilization characteristics by main disease and the total cost of use and disease association with the users of the public health center. Results: The Results were as follows: 1) Top 10 diseases in the area accounted for 22.4% of total frequency for the most recent 5 years in university hospital, while 59.0% in public health center. 2) There were significant correlations between university hospital and public health center user`s insurance type and place of residence: It showed higher use of public health center for free service beneficiaries residing in Seoul than residents in nearby or local area. The medical insurance types for hospital users were more various than those for public health center users. 3) The use of hospital for patients of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia was tended to concentrate in mostly autumn and winter since August 2000, while the cost of using public health center for those patients has been steadily reduced since July 2000. 4) As a result of cluster analysis, there were classified into three homogeneous groups according to the total cost of using public health service, age, and the frequency of use, 5) The association analysis on patients with chronic disease in public health center produced a detailed information on accompanying diseases related to the incidence rate of disease of high frequency due to aging, information on drug abuse and immune disease. Conclusion: The health care policy for local community should be evaluated continuously. And the policy to build an integrated data warehousing by public health indicator system and to enhance the faithfulness of data is required.

졸-겔법에 의해 Tetraethoxysilane과 Methyltrimethoxysilane으로부터 발수코팅제 제조

김동구 ( Dong Gu Kim ),이병화 ( Byung Wha Lee ),송기창 ( Ki Chang Song ) 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.56 No.3

Water-repellent coating solutions were prepared by sol-gel method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as precursors. The solutions were spin-coated on a cold-rolled steel sheet and thermally cured to prepare a non-fluorine water-repellent coating films. The effects of molar ratios of MTMS/TEOS, water concentration and ammonia concentration on the hydrophobic properties of the coating films were studied. The contact angle of water on coating films prepared by varying the molar ratio of MTMS/TEOS to 1~20 showed a maximum value of 108° when the MTMS/TEOS molar ratio was 10. With increasing water content, the coating films showed the larger contact angles and the better the water repellency. As the amount of ammonia added was increased, the contact angles of coating films were increased, showing the better the water repellency. It is considered that the larger the amount of ammonia added, the larger the size of the silica particles generated, which increases the surface roughness of the silica particles, thereby increasing the water repellency.

특발성 가성 장폐색증

황윤하(Yun Ha Hwang),박춘배(Choon Bae Park),황성하(Sung Wha Hwang),이병화(Byung Hwa Lee) 대한외과학회 1985 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.28 No.6

韓國地方議會의 適正化模型에 관한 硏究

李炳華 新羅大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

This paper is mainly concerned with the ideal model of the korean local council system which is to be reconstructed in the later part of this year. Assordingly the objectives of this study are to find a universal model of the worfol-wide local council systems, to compare them with the korean case experienced in the 1950's and to paresent and appoapriate model for the real condition of Korea. Some of the typical findings are as follows; First, Local Councils are generally classified into tree types:the inhabitants self government (burgerliche Selbstverwaltung), the groups self government (Korperliche Selbstver-waltung)and the mixed type. The type of local council in korea being over deflected to groups self government, primary attention is given to the mixed type here. Second, the environmental factors that are regarded in grneral as most influencial to the operation as well as the structure of local council include the inhabitants, the central government, the pressure groups, the public opinion and the political parties. In Korean case, however, the man in power and the central government appear predomirant. Thirdly, although there are not wide differences in struc?ural and operational aspects of local council between the universal model and the Korean one, the latter case is characterized by being uniformly controlled on most political purposes by the central government. Consequently, an ideal model of local council system should at least contain the tollowing considerations: First, the chairman of the local council should also hold the position of the head of government, assisted by and executive, appointed by the chairman, who assumes responsibility for the whole administration. Second, party nomination is totally restricted in an election to the local council and a league of all the local councils shoud be established solely to check the central government. Thirdly, The structure and the operation of the local council should be diversified to a full extent according to the specific localities, with possible elements of central uniformity eliminated. In addition, much emphasis should be placed on a pro?osistion that the development of Korean local council system can be accomplished not merely through organizational or procedural improvements, but by the continued institutionalization of the system as the fourth element on the basis of the division of national power.

한국여성의 정치참여에 관한 연구

李炳華 新羅大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

The objective of this study is to find the factors which have brought about the lack of political participation and power held by women. This study is divided into three parts according to the approach. 1. Theoretical approach : I analyzed Korean women's political participation in a conceptual framework of the sex role differences and described the feminism theories which are connected with the political participation. And then I could find that the lack of women's active political participation results from the sex role differences of the patriarchal system and the capitalism system. 2. Empirical approach : I summarized the history of the Korean Women's political participation movement and researched the political behavior of ,the elite women who participated in political reality in the past. And ,then I described most of Korean women's political consciousness. As a result I could find the fact that Korean women's political consciousness is considerably advanced. So their political ambitions are getting greater. Nevertheless, they have a passive orientation to the political participation. 3. Analytical approach : The passive political orientation is originated by three factors : Korean family system with the sex role differences, capitalism of class conflicts, and authoritarian political regime deriving from the divided situation of Korea. In order to induce women's active political participations, I suggest a few important points as follows. 1. The direction of the feminism ideology must accord with political target in Korea, because it is a essential part of the women's political participation. 2. Korean women have to systemize their political power through labor and feminism movement, because it is an embodiment of tactics in the active political participation. 3. It needs to develop the women's political education for the reformation of patriachal system, because it is a necessary condition of the active political participation.

白凡 金九의 均富思想 成立背景에 關한 硏究

李炳華 新羅大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The objective of this paper is to analyze and explore the Kim-koo`s economic thought. In order to make an adequate explanation of Kim-koo`s thought, it is necessary to trace back his personal background and the situations in which he devoted to the participation of the independence of movement. That is because his thoughts were formulated under the direction of his own personality with his social background and his activity. A historical-descriptive method has been used in the study for the purpose of analyzing sonne major events in the life of Kim-koo which made possible the formation of his economic thought and its subsquent changes. Kim-koo`s economic thought can be found in his writings, the documents of provisional government, the party principle platforms of Korean Independence Party(Han-Dok Dang), an Samkyunchui(tri-eguality principle) which provided the ideological principle for the various independence movement groups, and many others, Samkyunchui is one of the most original and outstanding of Korean and western thought. The findings of this paper with the approaches I have mentioned are as follows: 1) The core elements of the Kim-koo`s economic thought were based on anti-Japanese imperialism. His thought calls for a revolution to overthrow the Japanese regime and to recover Korea1s lost territory. Moreover, he attempted to extend the concept of economic equality to embrace not only the relationship between Korea and Japan but also between all nations of the world as to create a universal brotherhood. 2) Kim-koo`s economic thought overcame conflicts between various factions in Korean independence movement and played the role of amalgamation between the left and right wingers. Due to the unique mixture of various elements, his thought became to take a moderate position which was characterized by the avoidance of extreme of the political spectrum. 3) Kim-koo`s thought was the key theory for the nation(new republic) building movements and suggested the vision of unified nationstate. His thought calls for reconstruction of new republic on the basis of equality of opportunity in the economical, political and educational fields. The key point is equality of economic field, so he emphasized the nationalization of land and enterprises so that all the people may have equal rights and privileges in their livelihood. This paper is written as an exploratory study. Therefore, there would be lots of questionable statements in this paper. However I hope that this paper could be a steppingstone which could lead to the more conprehensive study of the Kim-koo`s economic thought in the future.

韓國近代議會의 起源과 發達에 관한 硏究

李炳華 新羅大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

The objectives of this study are as follews; 1) The primary purpose of this paper is to analyze and exploit the historical orig-ins of the formation and developing process of the Korean modern Congress which has not attracted much attention so far. 2) By analyzing an influential variables of the process of formation, I tried to find the characteristics and differences of the first Korean modern Congress. This study confined its scope to three kinds of Congress, Joongchu-Won(a kind of parliament which was formed by the Movement of Independent Association around the end of Yi-Dynasty), The National Congress of the Provisional Government and the Constitutional which was the first Congress of the republic of Korea. The major contents of this paper are as follows: 1) The Independent Association, which advocated parliamentary democracy in the later part of the nineteenth century, tried to realize their political ideas by the turning an absolute monarchy into constitutional monarchy with the foundation of the Congress. They insisted that the Joongchu-Won be established as a political system which would realize the Korean people's franchise. However they had no confidence in the ability of the people to take over legal power. So they insisted the house of Lords be established, but they thought it was too early to set up the House of Representatives. 2) The National Congress of Rrovisional Government was founded at Sanghai on April, 1919. For the next twenty-seven years of existence the Provisional Gove-rnment experienced five constitutional revisions, by which the parliament structure had also changed. Its representative form of Congress was, in turn, passed over to the present National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. 3) And l could find the process of establishing a new parliamentary government with the support of the U.S.Adoministration which made an effort for the trans-plantation of the western democracy into South Korea after the end of Japanese colonial regime. Finally, analysis of the various vatiables showed the positive and negative char-acteristics on the process of formation and development of the Korean modern Congress. 1) The positive aspect was that the leading group of the formation process of the Korean modern Congress was civil's class, awakening masses. So the characteristics of I revealed nationalism and democracy. 2) The negative aspect was that the leading group had been alienateed from the development process of the Korean modern Congress, because the internal input iactors to the Congress had been controlled by the external input factors. And the other reason was that the pattern of the Korean political culture was authoritaria-nism. This paper is writtern as an exploratory study. Therefore there would be lots of questionable statements in this paper. However l hope that this study could be a stepping stone which could lead to the more comprehensive stud of the first Korean modern Congress in the future.