이창동 영화의 문화적 의미 -「오아시스」와 롤랑 바르트의 신화론, 「밀양」과 자크 데리다의 「죽음의 선물」

이만식 ( Man Sik Lee ) 한국비교문학회 2008 比較文學 Vol.44 No.-

냉간 가공용 인산염 피막처리의 저온화에 관한 연구

이만식(Man Sig Lee),정충택(Chung-Taeg Cheong),이광호(Gwang-Ho Lee),김준호(Jun-Ho kim),이근대(Gun-Dae Lee),홍성수(Seong-Soo Hong) 한국표면공학회 2002 한국표면공학회지 Vol.36 No.1

Zinc phosphating for cold forming of steel was studied with emphasis on decreasing phosphating temperature. To lower phosphating temperature, some techniques, such as adding Cu ion into bath, using activator in the form of pre-dip, and aeration in bath, instead of using conventional accelerator, namely oxidizing agent, have been tried. It was revealed that phosphating, leading to coatings of improved uniformity and fine crystal size, can be carried out using above techniques at lower temperature (55℃) compared to conventional phosphating temperature (80~90℃). Under present condition, it was seen that optimum concentrations of Cu ion in phosphating bath and activator in pre-dip are 0.015% (w/w) and 2.0 g/l, respectively. The coating weight was within the range of 15~20 g/㎡. When lubricant was applied into phosphating coatings, the amount of lubricating component (total soap) was found to be 6~10 g/㎡ and the lubricated panel revealed excellent lubricating properties.

냉간 가공용 인산염 피막처리의 저온화에 관한 연구

이만식(M. S. Lee),정충택(C. T. Cheong),이광호(G. H. Lee),김준호(J. H. kim),이근대(G. D. Lee),홍성수(S. S. Hong) 한국표면공학회 2002 한국표면공학회지 Vol.35 No.5

가스 하이드레이트 형성 원리를 이용한 SF₆ 처리 기술에 관한 연구

이보람(Lee, Bo-Ram),이현주(Lee, Hyun-Ju),김양도(Kim, Yang-Do),류영복(Ryu, Young-Bok),이만식(Lee, Man-Sik),김영석(Kim, Young-Seok),이주동(Lee, Ju-Dong) 한국신재생에너지학회 2007 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.06

SF₆(sulfur hexafluoride)는 뛰어난 단열 및 아크방지능력(arc-extinguishingproperty)으로 인해, 전력용 변압기의 절연가스와 반도체{cdot}액정용 플라즈마 CVD로의 cleaning gas, 주물공장 covering gas 등으로 사용되고 있다. 하지만, SF₆의 지구온난화지수(global warming potential)는 CO₂대비 23,900배가 높아 기후변화에 미치는 영향이 CO₂보다 훨씬 크고, 대기 중 분해되지 않고 잔존하는 기간이 CH₄ 10년, CO₂ 및 CFCs는 100년으로 추정되는데 반해, SF₆는 3,200년으로 연간방출양이 작더라도 오랜 기간 누적되면 그 파장이 클 것으로 사료된다. 대부분의 가스 하이드레이트(고상결정상태)는 고압, 저온에서 형성가능 하지만, 불화가스에 대해서는 쉽게 결정화가 일어난다. SF₆는 3?C, 2기압에서 고밀도 고상화가 되기 때문에 여러 기체와 흔합되어 있는 경우 SF₆만을 압축된 고상 결정상태를 형성, SF₆를 회수, 정제할 수 있으므로 불화가스 분리{cdot}회수에 기술적, 경제적 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 하이드레이트 촉진제로서 계면활성제(promoter) 첨가에 따른 SF₆ 하이드레이트 형성 및 해리과정 실험을 통해 효율적인 SF₆ 저감에 관한 적용기술을 연구해 보았다.

『어둠의 핵심』의 서술 전략

이만식(Man Sik Lee) 19세기영어권문학회 2008 19세기 영어권 문학 Vol.12 No.1

The critical evaluation of Heart of Darkness is closely related with the analysis of its narrative strategy. For example, Achebe’s logic is based on his critical reading of Heart of Darkness solely in the narrative level of Kurtz’s episode to condemn Conrad as a bloody racist. Achebe excludes all the other narrative levels when he says that the actual story takes place on the River Congo, the very antithesis of the Thames. Heart of Darkness is a story of writing of Marlow as well as a writing of story of Kurtz. There is a multi-level narrative structure, with the frame structure of Chinese boxes, in which more narrative levels are likely to be detected than the levels of Kurtz’s episode and Marlow’s tale. Kurtz’s episode is located in the center like a kernel and circumscribed by Marlow’s tale. However, the meaning of Kurtz’s episode is not accepted literally by Marlow who has his own way of interpretation to reveal the implied meaning of Kurtz’s episode. The relationship of neighboring narrative levels here in this Chinese box structure can be defined in terms of the ironic discourse, which is caused by the discrepancies between the literal meaning of the lower narrative level and the implied meaning of the higher narrative level which tends to make one in the lower level somewhat unreliable. There are two first person narrators in Heart of Darkness. One is Marlow and the other is called the frame narrator, the unnamed narrator, the outer narrator and so on. The narrative level of Marlow’s tale is enclosed by that of the frame narrator like “misty halos” even though its enclosure is not in a perfect shape. The ‘true’ meaning, if it exists at all, of Kurtz’s story is deflected through at least two narrative layers of Marlow’s tale and the frame narrative. I’d like to introduce and add one more narrative level to the Chinese box structure. It is the narrative of the implied writer, which is explained as “the spectral illumination of moonshine” in Heart of Darkness. In order to provide verifiable evidence for the presence of the narrative level of the implied writer, the narrative strategy of Conrad’s three political novels, Nostromo, The Secret Agent and Under Western Eyes is examined to find out the ironic discourse to make the frame narrative somewhat unreliable in every one of these novels. The narrative level of the implied writer cannot be clearly distinguished from the levels of the actual writer, Joseph Conrad and the reader because the presence of the implied writer is required to represent the epistemological uncertainty or crisis of the reader as well as the writer. Cunninghame Graham, socialist and MP of Labor Party, whose favorite opinion of Heart of Darkness was received warmly by Conrad who says “I am simply in the seventh heaven to find you like the H of D so far,” has the revolutionary spirit to attack imperialism as a system of power politics and economic exploitation without enough consideration upon the aspect of ideology fascinating intellectuals, writers, soldiers, politicians and businessmen. However, as Ian Watt warns us in Conrad in the Nineteenth Century, we must not forget that no real political alternative was suggested in the nineteenth century to Western penetration of the other continents. And imperialism is not just an ideological formation or practice of domination. It is also “a psychological matrix - indeed, a culture built around narcissistic fantasy and maintained through the weird logic of misdirection, denial, and disavowal” according to Beth Sharon Ash in Writing in Between. The reason why Conrad believed that “the novel is absolutely the only vehicle for the thought of our day” is that the most effective target is the culture, the foundation of imperialistic ideology. I believe Conrad tries to transform the consciousness of the readership into a new form suitable for the era beyond imperialism through the process of the ironic discourse of the implied writer to make th

불교의 문화적 번역

이만식(Lee, Man Sik) 한국동서비교문학학회 2008 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.19

Most Buddhist monks and scholars talk about the insufficient efforts to communicate Dharma Talk[法語] in terms of modern languages. However, the problem of communication in Buddhism has not been caused only by the lack of communication methods but by the discourse itself. The state of not to rely on letters[不立文字] is meagerly explained by our common language in this postmodern age when the language itself is no longer a reliable device for meaningful communication. The first philosophical transformation of Indian sources was distinctively Chinese innovation. Concern with inherent Buddha-nature[佛性] gained prominence in China partly due to the indigenous Chinese preoccupation with the inherent nature of human being. The philosophical transformation that occurred in the Buddhist doctrine in East Asia by the Chinese reinterpretation of Buddhism was highly beneficial to deeply bind the philosophical dimension of Buddhism with the practical aspect. The second significant philosophical transformation is needed now to face the current communication problems of Buddhism. Western thought, including Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction, has been suggested as a candidate to provoke a second philosophical transformation to revive the tradition of Buddhism. The cultural translation of Buddhism is explicated here in this paper as one of the practical programs to elucidate Buddhism in terms of Western thought as well as to solve its communication problems.

‘객관 상관물’의 두 가지 해석

이만식(Man-sik Lee) 한국T.S.엘리엇학회 2001 T.S. 엘리엇 연구 Vol.10 No.-

T. S. 엘리엇 비평의 근대성과 탈근대성

이만식(Lee,Man-Sik) 한국T.S.엘리엇학회 2000 T.S. 엘리엇 연구 Vol.9 No.-

마이크로에멀젼에서 제조된 나노크기의 이산화티탄에 의한 p - 니트로페놀의 광분해 반응

이만식(Man Sik Lee),이근대(Gun Dae Lee),주창식(Chang Sik Ju),임권택(Kwon Taek Lim),홍성수(Seong Soo Hong) 한국공업화학회 2002 공업화학 Vol.13 No.3

음이온의 Aot(sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) 계면활성제를 사용하여 나노크기의 TiO_2를 제조하였으며, TEM, XRD, BET, UV-DRS, TGA-DTA 등을 사용하여 마이크로에멀젼을 이용한 나노입자 제조시 W_0(H_2O/AOT)비, R (H_2O/TTIP)비에 따른 입자의 크기 및 결정성 등 물리성 성질을 조사하였다. 또한 제조된 TiO_2 나노입자의 광촉매적 특성을 알아보기 위해 회분식 반응장치를 이용하여 p-니트로페놀의 광분해반응의 활성을 조사하였다. 제조된 TiO_2 나노입자는 소성온도 300~600 ℃의 범위에서 anatase 구조가 형성되었으며, 소성온도 700 ℃에서 anatase 구조에서 rutile 구조로 전이되기 시작하였다. 입자크기는 W_0비 및 R 비가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나, W_0 비가 더 큰 영향을 나타내었다. 한편 p-니트로페놀의 광분해반응에서 반응성은 표면적과 결정크기보다는 입자 결정성의 영향을 많이 받았다. 또한 500 ℃에서 소성된 TiO_2 촉매가 순수한 anatase 구조를 가지며 가장 높은 p-니트로페놀 분해활성을 보여주었다. Nanosized titania sol has been produced by the controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide(TTIP) in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate(AOT) reverse micelles. The physical properties, such as crystallite size and crystallite size and crystallinity according to R and W. ratios have been investigated by TEM, XRD, BET, UV-DRS, TGA and DTA. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol has been studied in a batch reactor in the presence of UV light to compare the photocatalytic activity of prepared nanosized titania. It has shown that the anatase structure appeared in the 300~600 ˚C calcination temperature range, and the conversion of anatase into rutile started above 700 ˚C. The crystallite size increased with increased R and W. ratios, but W. ratio showed a stronger effect on the crystallite size than R ratio. In the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol, the photocatalytic activity was mainly determined by the crystallinity of titania. In addition, the titania calcined at 500 ˚C resulted in the pure anatase structure that had the highest activity of the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol.

근사분포를 이용한 CV 관리도의 통계적 설계

이만식(Man-Sik Lee),강창욱(Chang-Wook Kang),심성보(Seong-Bo Sim) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2004 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.27 No.3

The coefficient of variation(CV) which is a relatively dimensionless measure of variability is widely used to describe the variation of sample data. However, the properties of CV distribution are little available and few research has been done on estimation and interpretation of CV. In this paper, we give an outline of statistical properties of coefficient of variation and design of control chart based on this statistic. Construction procedures of control chart are presented. The proposed control chart is an efficient method to monitor a process variation for short production run situation. Futhermore, we evaluated the performance of CV control chart by average run length(ARL).