일본 텔레워크 환경에서의 노동법적 기본문제 — 텔레워크 가이드라인 검토를 중심으로 —

이나경(Lee, Na-kyeong) 한국비교노동법학회 2020 노동법논총 Vol.48 No.-

Telework has drawn attentions as an “option for new labor method using ICT” for longtime. Japanese Association of Telework consisting of researchers from various sectors for studying telework which had been difficult for recognition in the existing fields was established in June 1999. For last 20 years, the technologies have been greatly enhanced and ICT is indispensible from the contemporary era. According to the enhancement in the technologies, humankind in the 21st Century have new tools such as smart-phone as well as computer and people in the streets hold phone on their hands and present various contents on screen freely and work with their notebook computer in cafe and was it possible to imagine these scene in the contemporary society 20 years ago? It might be the scenes of the “society wherever people work depending on their situations” and “wherever workers can choose freely for their workplace” which have been pursued by many telework researchers. Telework is already available in the perspective of technical environment and the technologies have pervaded sufficiently in the society. However, the people in society have no sufficient consciousness of the ‘freedom of work place’ and even there are not sufficient organization cultures, laws, and systems for supporting it. This article, firstly, studies about the changes in telework and its definition and categorization. Next, merits and demerits of telework are studied. And then, focusing on the recent telework guidelines, the methods for introducing telework are reviewed. It is expected that this article will be helpful to introduce strategically telework available for work in place where it is an office due to the current Covid 19 outbreak.

일본의 고용형태에 따른 근로조건 격차시정에 관한 법리

이나경(Lee, Na-Kyeong) 한국노동법학회 2016 노동법학 Vol.0 No.57

In Korea, the government simply prohibits discrimination against temporary employees. Unlike Korea, not only does the Japanese government consider a balance between different types of employment (short-term employees, employees on fixed-term contracts, and dispatched employees), but it also prohibits unfavorable working conditions and discrimination. The Japanese laws on differences in working conditions depending on the types of employment are considered to have a multi-layered structure. In terms of a multi-layered structure, institutional balancing can be considered as common ground of the laws on differences in working conditions. It is interpreted as the basis for the prohibition of unfavorable working conditions. Even though there are differences in working conditions, it is considered as being a part of balancing. In this study, a correlation between them was investigated. Although the Japanese laws on differences in working conditions have a clear multi-layered structure for part-term employees, they merely regulate unfavorable working conditions and consider a balance for employees on fixed-term contracts while prescribing a balance only for dispatched employees. In this study, it was concluded that the laws for employees on fixed-term contracts and dispatched employees need to be revised in order to have a multi-layered structure as is the case with part-time employment laws. Unfortunately, legal improvements may not be easily achieved as it would then pertain to the reform of the entire labor market system. In order for people to live a normal life without having to be the working poor regardless of types of employment, the laws on differences in working conditions according to the types of employment should be reexamined.

퇴행성신경질환의 진단을 위한 신경전달물질 대사체의 질량 분석법 동향

이나경(Na-Kyeong Lee),전원제(Won-Jei Jeon),정승우(Seung-Woo Jeong),변재성(Jae-Sung Byun),이원웅(Wonwoong Lee),홍종기(Jongki Hong) 한국분석과학회 2017 분석과학 Vol.30 No.6

Kernel Density Estimation for Polarization Measure

Na Kyeong Lee(이나경) 경북대학교 사회과학기초자료연구소 2021 연구방법논총 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구에서는 Duclos 등이 제시한 양극화 지수(DER Index)의 새로운 추정방법을 제시하고 있다. 기존 DER Index에 대한 추정치는 경험적 분포함수(empirical distribution function)와 Rosenblatt-Parzen 커널 밀도 추정함수(kernel density estimator)에 기초하고 있다. 그러나 경험적 분포함수를 이용한 기존의 DEX Index 추정은 평탄성(smoothness)의 부재라는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 기존의 DER Index 추정치의 한계를 해결하기 위해 새로운 추정치를 제안한다. 이 추정치는 Mynbaev and Martins-Filho가 제시한 새로운 형태의 커널 밀도 추정치(kernel density estimator)를 기반으로 도출되어 기존 추정치의 한계를 극복하였다. 또한 이 추정치는 점근적 일치(consistent), √n 속도로 점근정규성(asymptotic normality)을 확립하고 있음이 증명되었다. 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션 연구결과, 본고에서 제시한 추정치가 Bias와 평균제곱오차 측면에서 기존의 DER Index 추정치에 비해 우수한 것으로 입증되었다. In this study, I propose a new estimator for the DER index that is a general measure of polarization introduced by Duclos et al.(2004). The existing estimators for the DER index are based on the empirical distribution function and a Rosenblatt-Parzen density estimator. The empirical distribution function, however, suffers from lack of smoothness. Hence, I suggest new estimators for the DER index using a new class of nonparametric kernel density estimators provided by Mynbaev and Martins-Filho(2010). I show that my estimators for polarization measure are consistent and establish asymptotic normality with a rate of convergence for the distribution of √n. A small Monte Carlo study reveals that my estimator performs well relative to the existing estimator for the DER index in terms of bias and mean squared error.

한국 선거여론조사 실태분석 : 탐색적 데이터분석 기법 이용

이나경 ( Na Kyeong Lee ) 국민대학교 사회과학연구소 2024 社會科學硏究 Vol.36 No.2

본 연구에서는 여론조사심의위원회에서 제공한 여론조사 자료 중 전국단위로 조사한 제 20대 대통령 선거여론조사 사례를 취합하여 피응답자 접촉 현황사례를 탐색적 데이터 분석(EDA) 방법을 통해 다각도로 분석하였다. EDA 방법은 여론조사 데이터에 포함된 데이터의 의미와 성질을 다각도의 통계분석, 데이터 분포를 통한 이상치 파악, 상이한 패턴을 보이는 개체 또는 자료를 찾는데 용이한 연구방법 중 하나이다. 일반적으로 한국에서 수행하고 있는 여론조사 방식에는 인터넷 및 스마트폰 앱조사 방식과 전화조사 방식으로 나누어지며, 전화조사 방식에는 다시 유무선 ARS방식과 유무선 전화면접 방식으로 구분된다. 대체로 인터넷 및 스마트폰 앱 조사방식의 평균 접촉률 및 응답률은 다른 방식과 비교하여 월등히 높은 수치로 나타났다. 더불어 소수의 여론조사 사례가 동일 군집과 떨어진 이상치 패턴이 관찰되는 여론조사 사례가 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 응답률은 접촉 후 중도이탈 사례수(R)에 반비례하는 것으로 나타났는데, 특히 R 사례 건수가 20000건 이상 되는 경우는 무선ARS 100% 방식을 활용한 것으로 나타났다. 접촉률의 경우, 여심위에서 제시한 산정식, 통계 그래프, 회귀분석 등을 통해 다각도로 분석한 결과 비적격 사례수(NE)와 접촉후 거절 및 중도이탈 사례수(R)가 접촉률 상승과 상당히 양(+)의 상관성이 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 특히 이러한 특징이 뚜렷이 관찰되는 여론조사 사례는ARS 전화조사 방식인 경우로 나타났다. R 또는 NE 사례수가 많은 조사 방식은 접촉률 상승과 밀접한 관련이 있고, 또한 저조한 응답률과도 큰 연관성이 있음에 따라 ARS 조사 방식에 대한 적절한 개선 및 이에 관한 후속연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. We analyzed the cases of opinion poll surveys on the 20th Korean presidential election conducted nationwide through explanatory data analysis (EDA) that is a research method that facilitates statistical analysis from various aspects and identify outliers’ detection and so on. In general, opinion polls conducted in Korea are divided into internet and smartphone app surveys and telephone surveys. Telephone surveys are further classified into wired and wireless ARS, wired and wireless telephone interviews. On average, the contact and response rates of internet and smartphone app surveys were significantly higher compared to other methods. However, there were instances in a few opinion polls where different patterns, deviating from the same survey cluster, were observed. The response rate appeared to be negatively related to the number of cases that refused or dropped out after contact (R). Particularly, cases where the number of R cases exceeded 20,000 were occurred in the 100% wireless ARS telephone method. Regarding the contact rate, it was found, through the analysis, that the number of ineligible cases (NE) and cases that refused or dropped out after contact (R) partially contributed to the increase in the contact rate. This tendency was particularly distinct in cases using the wires and wireless ARS telephone survey method. As the R and NE cases were significantly in certain survey methods, identified as ARS method, appropriate follow-up measures and further research seem necessary.

경제변수가 대통령 국정수행평가에 미치는 영향에 대한 경험적 연구

이나경(Na Kyeong Lee) 명지대학교 미래정치연구소 2021 미래정치연구 Vol.11 No.1

대통령제 하에서 경제변수는 대통령 지지율에 영향을 미치는 중요한 변수 중 하나라 할 수 있으며, 국내외 다수의 선행연구들도 이러한 가설을 뒷받침해 주고 있다. 그런데 이 두 시계열 지표의 상관관계가 국내외 다양한 학자들에 의해 분석되고 있으나, 대부분의 경험적 연구들이 선형모형을 활용하였다는 한계를 갖고 있다. 본고에서는 경제변수가 대통령 지지율에 미치는 영향을 비선형모형인 마코프 스위칭(Markov-Switching) 모델을 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 연구 시기 동안 고변동성 국면의 경우 경기를 반영하는 산업생산지수 증가율이 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 드러났으며, 저변동성 국면에서는 경기변화율이 마이너스(-)를 보임에도 불구하고 대통령지지율이 증가하는 현상이 관찰되었다. 다만, 개인의 미래 생활형편 기대 지수가 증가하는 경우 대통령지지율의 상승을 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 저변동성 국면에서 유권자들이 미래 생활형편이 상승할 것으로 기대하는 경우에는 현재 경기 변수가 부정적이라고 하더라도 대통령 지지율 상승을 견인하는 것으로 풀이할 수 있다. Under the presidential system, macroeconomic conditions are considered one of the most important factors in the presidential popularity. The associations between these time series are analyzed by various researchers based on linear models. In this paper, we investigate the impact of economic conditions on presidential approval ratings by employing Markov Switching model. The results from the analysis show that the growth rate of the industrial production is not statistically significant in the high-volatile regimes whereas the variable is statistically significant in the low-volatile regime. Furthermore, we also find that rising in consumer’s expectation for future life induces a rise in presidential approval ratings.

Small-Scale Chemistry을 적용한 초등학교 과학실험 수업이 과학학업성취도에 미치는 영향 및 교사의 인식

이나경 ( Na Kyeong Lee ),김성규 ( Sung Kyu Kim ) 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2014 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.38 No.2

The purpose of this study is to devise a Small-Scale Chemistry (SSC) lab program for primary school learners and to examine its effects on science learning achievement. In addition, it will be examined whether the type of learning groups affects the achievement or not. The participants in the current study were 173 6th graders from 6 classes of Y elementary school in Changwon city, Gyeongnam. Three classes (86) were assigned to the experimental group and the other three, the comparative group after checking the pre-homogeneity between the two groups through t-test on the scores of the science mid-term exam. We conducted five experimental sessions on the Acid and Base in the science textbook for the sixth graders. The students of one experimental class worked in pairs and another class worked individually, but the students of the comparative classes were divided into groups of six(one group with pair, another group with individual work in the SSC program, and the other group conducting the traditional experiment with groups of six students). The data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. The results showed that experimental learning using individual work in the SSC program compared to traditional experimental learning was effective in improving science learning achievement. also it was indicated that the teachers could reduce their burden of preparing for classes and of school hours when they utilized the SSC laboratory learning program. Teachers could also actively support students` experimental activities in employing the program. Based on the results, we suggest that the development of the SSC laboratory learning program is meaningful in the sense that this program can help elementary schoolers to improve science learning achievements more than the existing traditional experimental methods.

인도네시아 노동법의 체계 -「기간을 정한 근로자(계약직)에 관한 법률」을 중심으로-

이나경 ( Na-kyeong Lee ) 부산외국어대학교 비교법연구소 2016 比較法學 Vol.27 No.-

During the Asian financial crisis period of Mid-1997, number of employees who were suppressed by Long dictatorship, amended the law sequentially, 『Labor Union Law』in 2000, 『New Labor Law』 in 2003, 『Industrial dispute solution』 in 2004, despite of bad Economic conditions of spit in the export industry and rise of company Production costs, foreign Sluggish investment. The revised labor laws contain not only reinforcement of Labor rights and standards but also contract based employees and outsourcing. The abolishment of the dismissal permit system let the new attempt of the flexibility of employment. But the flexibility of employment resulted in the number of contract based employees and outsourcing, rapidly. Foreign words ``outsourcing`` became the term of compression of Indonesian Labor issue, newly. Labor activists refuted that outsourcing legislates the 『Modern-day slavery』and asserted that the system of contract based employees is one of the serious problems in Indonesian Labor system. Also, They criticize that it is hard to attract foreign investment, because New Labor Law protects the Workers`` rights too much. Systematically, New Labor Law takes the form of codification of labor law and encompasses all of the information of the Individual Labor relations and the collective Industrial Relations. In this sense, some parts are more advanced, comparing Indonesian national Labour Relations Act with Korean national Labour Relations Act.

GM Foods에 대한 과학전문 기자, 일반 기자, 소비자의 인식 및 태도에 관한 연구

김보영(Renee B. Kim),이나경(Na Kyeong Lee),송니은(Ni Eun Song) 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2015 동서연구 Vol.27 No.3

식품은 소비자의 일상생활에 있어 필수적인 재화이면서 건강과 직결되는 제품이기 때문에 소비자들은 식품안전문제에 매우 민감할 수밖에 없다. 최근 국내에 유전자 재조합 기술을 활용한 옥수수와 콩 등이 수입되며 GM Foods(Genetically Modified Foods)의 비중이 높아지고 있어 이에 대한 찬반 논의가 활발하게 일어나고 있다.GM Foods에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 이에 대한 연구도 지속적으로 진행되어 왔으나, 기존의 GM Foods에 대한 연구는 대부분이 소비자에 대한 것이며, 일부 소비자와 생산 자의 인식과 태도를 비교한 연구가 있으나 기자와 소비자의 인식과 태도를 비교한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 GM Foods에 대한 과학전문 기자, 일반 기자, 소비자의 인식과 태도를 계량적으로 파악하고 그것을 더 심층적으로 분석 하는 것으로 분석 자료를 얻기 위해 정량조사(설문조사)와 정성조사(FGI)를 병행하였 다. 이 논문은 세 집단의 유전자 재조합 식품에 대한 인식의 차이를 비교해 봄으로써, 향후 유전자 재조합 식품의 시장성과 상업화에 있어서 정부가 효과적으로 소통을 하기 위해 필요한 차별화 된 소통의 전략을 제시하는데 의미가 있다고 하겠다. Consumers’ interest and concerns for food safety is heightened with development of biotechnology and genetical engineering of food products since the health effects of such technology has a direct implication on consumers’ life. Recently, GM foods such as GM corns and GM barley are increasingly consumed in the domestic market and considerable attention has been drawn to this issue. Several studies focused on the attitude of consumers and some assessed comparative difference between consumers and producers toward GM foods. However, studies on different attitude among various stakeholders such as journalists and consumers are limited. the purpose of this study is to evaluate attitudinal difference among stakeholders both qualitatively and quantitatively. Survey study and Focus Group Interview were used to provide empirical evidence and findings may enable effective development of differentiated risk communication strategies for different stakeholders by policymakers and marketers.

국정 성과관리를 위한 사회 분야 정책 시계열 시스템 구축방안

장효진 ( Jang Hyojin ),이환성 ( Lee Hwan Seong ),이나경 ( Lee Na Kyeong ),박성은 ( Park Sungeun ) 한국행정연구원 2023 기본연구과제 Vol.2023 No.0