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工事費積算制度改善方案에 관한 硏究 : In Term of Standard Labour Counting Application in the Architecture Work
李槿 건국대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.2 No.-
The significance of cost calculation in construction system is closely related with over-all procedures through-out the system including cost advice in programming, cost planning in draft, cost control in construction, economy of maintenance and management cost in usage etc. In the past cost calculations were done by standard labour rating method and applied only as the data of cost planning. As buildings are getting larger in site and more sophisticated, the needs for changing methods in cost calculation are increasing as well as those of new techniques, equipments and materials. In western countries, the introduction of computerized system and professionals into cost calculation has time and efforts roved and rational criteria and new techniques of calculation developed. Also we can see that cost calculation is a statistical thing which has a inexact eliment rather than exact eliment in some aspect. There fore we adopt work-study, workontrol workreformation to elevate productivity and economic method through the function analysis in order to eliminate the inexact eliment in the cost calculation. In Korea, however, labour accumulative method in cost calculation and uniformal application of criteria result in weak adaptability and conservativeness which are great obstacles to improvement of techniques. The causes of this phenomena are as follows, 1.Scarcity of calculation criteria 2.Complicatedness of calculation method and inflexibility of its application. 3.Insufficiency of data and difficulties in reformation In this research, the following suggestions are offered to remove those obstacles and establish systematic and resonable method of cost calculation. First. To make a general arrangement of each kind of data, standard, criterion and whole the concerned regulations used for calculation-business of construction-cost at present, and to enact the calculation-system to be suitable for our actual state concluding the probability-fact that corrects the undecided fact; Second, To introduce and making the most of professional calculators who have the designated experience and technique in order to be made a reasonable and scientific calculation-standard of construction-cost; Third, To bring up and develop the lease-business of the equipments in order to rise up its practical use of existing equipments kept, and to enact the selecting standard and standard of association for the mechanization-construction; Fourth, To develop the technique of computer-control for simplyfication, standardization and exactness of calculation-business of construction-cost; Fifth, To escalate the conception of significant-figure as a program in order increase the efficiency of calculation; Sixth, And the operation of Data-Bank should be encouraged by the national dimension in order to accumulate the informations of calculating technique. The discussions above are schematized in the following table.
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ATP1A2 유전자 변이를 동반한 가족성 반신마비 편두통의 국내 첫 보고
이근,고승연,이주연,김태준 대한두통학회 2023 두통 Vol.24 No.1
We report a case of a Korean family with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2) carrying a heterozygous c.901G>A (p.G301R) mutation in the ATP1A2 gene. FHM is a subtype of migraine with a family history characterized by reversible hemiparesis and cortical symptoms that can last for hours to days. In Korea, there was only one case of sporadic hemiplegic migraine with ATP1A2 mutation, and no FHM2 family case was reported. The G301R mutation in ATP1A2 is a known pathogenic variant, previously reported in two Italian families. Our patient experienced repeated hemiplegic migraine with prolonged aura attacks with altered states of consciousness, and a clear pattern of autosomal dominance was observed in the family history. The patient, like typical FHM, has fully recovered within days. We report the first case of FHM2 Korean families with this mutation and highlight the importance of genetic testing for individuals with hemiplegic migraine.
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이근 한국기초조형학회 2023 기초조형학연구 Vol.24 No.5
Recently, as the number of delivery logistics centers in the city has increased, the utility of four-wheeled electric cargo bikes is increasing day by day. It has high energy efficiency as it can load 3-5 times more than its own weight, and it is possible to develop variant models with various usability depending on the component configuration. Due to these characteristics, it is already being actively distributed in Europe, China, and India, So, it is necessary to develop a model suitable for our road conditions along with the revision of related laws in Korea. In particular, when combined with future ICT technologies such as ① electricity, ② connectivity ③ mobility service, and ④ autonomous driving, there is great potential for development as a means of short-distance eco-friendly transportation beyond logistics transportation. The purpose of this study is to design an eco-friendly multi-purpose cargo bike that is easy to produce, assemble, and disassemble using recycled materials, variable exterior modules, appropriate technology, and existing commercially available driving parts, and can be developed in startups, small sized businesses, and university research labs. The research method was a VR space simulation that simultaneously considered appearance, structure, and space using the 3D sketch tool ‘Feather’ from the concept stage. Various study models using lightweight materials were produced to verify component specifications, size, layout, and usability. For the component configuration, the specifications between existing parts and developed parts were optimized and design standards were established through reverse engineering. For the confirmed specifications, design data was updated by performing structural analysis and fluid analysis using the ‘NSYS Discovery’ tool. By quickly producing an initial model and repeating modifications to materialize the idea, we adopted the ‘Agile Process’ methodology to produce models in multiple stages from design to verification to complete the final result.
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