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전도성 직물을 이용한 단일 리드 심전도 측정 및 실시간 심전도 유도 호흡 추출 방법에 관한 연구
李桂衡(Kye-Hyoung Yi),朴聖彬(Sung-Bin Park),尹亨老(Hyoung-Ro Yoon) 대한전기학회 2006 전기학회논문지 D Vol.55 No.7
We have designed the system that measure one channel ECG by two electrode and extract real-time EDR with more related resipiration and comportable to subject by using conductive textile. On the assumption that relation between RL electrode and potential measurement electrode is coupled with RC connected model, we designed RL drive output to feedback two electrode for reduction of common mode signal. The conductive textile which was used for two ECG electrode was offered more comfort during night sleep in bed than any other method using attachments. In the method of single-lead EDR, R wave point or QRS interval area could be used for EDR estimation in traditional method, it is, so to speak, the amplitude modulation(AM) method for EDR. Alternatively, R-R interval could be used for frequency modulation(FM) method based on Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia(RSA). For evaluation of performance on AM EDR and FM EDR from 14 subject, ECG lead ill was measured. Each EDR was compared with both temperature around nose(direct measurement of respiration) and respiration signal from thoracic belt(indirect measurement of respiration) on mean squared error(MSE), cross correlation(Xcorr), and Coherence. The upsampling interpolation technique of multirate signal processing is applied to interpolating data instead of cubic spline interpolation. As a result, we showed the real-time EDR extraction processing to be implemented at micro-controller.
폴리머/ 금속 다층 공정 기술을 이용한 실시간 혈압 모니터링을 위한 유연한 생체 삽입형 센서
임창현,김용준,윤영로,윤형로,신태민,Lim Chang-Hyun,Kim Yong-Jun,Yoon Young-Ro,Yoon Hyoung-Ro,Shin Tae-Min 대한의용생체공학회 2004 의공학회지 Vol.25 No.6
본 논문에서는 폴리머/ 금속 다층 공정 기술 (polymer/metal multi layer processing techniques)을 이용한 실시간 혈압 감지를 위한 유연한 생체 삽입형 센서를 새로이 제안한다. 제안되는 방식의 센서는 기계적으로 유연하기 때문에 혈관의 외벽에 대한 침습성을 감소시켜 부착할 수 있다. 즉, 혈압 측정을 위해 센서를 혈관 내에 설치하던 기존의 방법들에 비해서 혈관 자체에 상처를 주지 않고 혈압의 상대적인 변화를 지속적으로 감지할 수 있다. 성인에게 발생하는 급사의 주된 원인은 협심증, 심근 경색과 같은 혈관 관련 질환이다. 플라크 (plaque)의 생성 등과 관계된 순환계 관련 질환들은 지속적인 혈압 감지를 통해서 예방할 수 있으며 발병 초기에 치료할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 혈압감지 방법의 과정은 다음과 같다. 우선, 집적된 센서를 혈관 외벽에 부착한다. 둘째, 실장된 센서가 혈관의 기계적인 수축과 확장을 인식한다. 마지막으로, 센서에 의해 인식된 혈압의 변화를 원격 감지 방법을 통해서 외부 안테나에서 감지하게 된다. 센서 시스템에는 어떠한 능동 소자도 존재하지 않기 때문에 에너지와 혈압 변화 정보는 LC 공진기와 외부 안테나 사이에 발생하는 상호 인덕턴스 원리에 의해서 전달되게 된다. 이러한 측정 원리의 가능성을 확인하기 위해서 실리콘 고무관과 혈액을 이용하여 시험관 실험 (In vitro test)을 진행하였다. 우선, 혈액으로 채운 실리콘 고무관에 센서를 감은 후 피스톤으로 압력을 가하였다. 그리고 이를 통해 가해진 압력 변화에 따른 공진 주파수의 변화를 측정하였다. 가해진 압력이 0부터 213.3 KPa까지 변화하는 동안 2.4 MHz의 공진 주파수가 변했다. 그러므로 생체 삽입형 혈압 센서의 감도는 11.25 KHz/KPa이다. Implantable flexible sensor using polymer/metal multilayer processing technique for telemetrical real-time blood pressure monitoring is presented. The realized sensor is mechanically flexible, which can be less invasively implanted and attached on the outside of blood vessel to monitor the variation of blood pressure. Therefore, unlike conventional detecting methods which install sensor on the inside of vessel, the suggested monitoring method can monitor the relative blood pressure without injuring blood vessel. The major factor of sudden death of adults is a disease of artery like angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. A disease of circulatory system resulted from vessel occlusion by plaque can be preventable and treatable early through continuous blood pressure monitoring. The procedure of suggested new method for monitoring variation of blood pressure is as follows. First, integrated sensor is attached to the outer wall of blood vessel. Second, it detects mechanical contraction and expansion of blood vessel. And then, reader antenna recognizes it using telemetrical method as the relative variation of blood pressure. There are not any active devices in the sensor system; therefore, the transmission of energy and signal depends on the principle of mutual inductance between internal antenna of LC resonator and external antenna of reader. To confirm the feasibility of the sensing mechanism, in vitro experiment using silicone rubber tubing and blood is practiced. First of all, pressure is applied to the silicone tubing which is filled by blood. Then the shift of resonant frequency with the change of applied pressure is measured. The frequency of 2.4 MHz is varied while the applied pressure is changed from 0 to 213.3 kPa. Therefore, the sensitivity of implantable blood pressure is 11.25 kHz/kPa.
폴리머 재료를 이용한 유연 수직/수평 힘 센서 어레이 개발 및 응용
황은수(Eun-Soo Hwang),윤영로(Young-Ro Yoon),윤형로(Hyoung-Ro Yoon),신태민(Tae-Min Shin),김용준(Yong-Jun Kim) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2009 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.26 No.5
This paper proposes and demonstrates novel flexible contact force sensing devices for 3-dimensional force measurement. To realize the sensor, polyimide and polydimethylsiloxane are used as a substrate, which makes it flexible. Thin-film metal strain gauges, which are incorporated into the polymer, are used for measuring the three-dimensional contact forces. The force sensor characteristics are evaluated against normal and shear load. The fabricated force sensor can measure normal loads up to 4N. The sensor output signals are saturated against load over 4N. Shear loads can be detected by different voltage drops in strain gauges. The device has no fragile structures; therefore, it can be used as a ground reaction force sensor for balance control in humanoid robots. Four force sensors are assembled and placed in the four corners of the robot’s sole. By increasing bump dimensions, the force sensor can measure load up to 20 N. When loads are exerted on the sole, the ground reaction force can be measured by these four sensors. The measured forces can be used in the balance control of biped locomotion system.