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윤태식,김택수,Yoon, Taeshik,Kim, Taek-Soo 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2017 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.24 No.1
The three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC) is a general trend for the miniaturized and high-performance electronic devices. The through-silicon-via (TSV) is the advanced interconnection method to achieve 3D integration, which uses vertical metal via through silicon substrate. However, the TSV based 3D-IC undergoes severe thermo-mechanical stress due to the CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) mismatch between via and silicon. The thermo-mechanical stress induces mechanical failure on silicon and silicon-via interface, which reduces the device reliability. In this paper, the thermo-mechanical reliability of TSV based 3D-IC is reviewed in terms of mechanical fracture, heat conduction, and material characteristic. Furthermore, the state of the art via-level and package-level design techniques are introduced to improve the reliability of TSV based 3D-IC.
일률과 산소 소모량의 변화값을 이용한 뇌졸중 환자의 운동효율성 평가
윤태식,이청기,김정연,장병홍 대한재활의학회 2005 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.29 No.6
Objective: To evaluate exercise capacity of subacute stroke patients with nonambulatory exercise stress test and to determine whether reduced exercise efficiency is associated with functional performance. Method: Experimental design was prospective and observational study. Eighteen patients with moderate to severe impairment after recent stroke performed exercise stress test by repeated knee flexion and extension exercise using isokinetic dynamometer. Work rate, oxygen consumption, heart rate were assessed during exercise stress test. The dynamic response, the ratio of change in oxygen uptake to change in work rate, was measured for correlation with FIM (Functional Independence Measure) scores. Occupational therapist recorded FIM scores on the day of transfer to inpatient rehabilitation unit and on discharge. Age-matched healthy group also performed exercise stress test in same settings. Results: The patients group who had similar dynamic response with age-matched healthy group showed higher FIM scores than the patients group having higher dynamic response. Conclusion: Nonambulatory exercise stress test could be effectively used in subacute stroke patients and the ratio of change in oxygen uptake to change in work rate was a useful variable to reveal low exercise efficiency in subacute stroke patients who had a abnormal skeletal muscle metabolic capacity.