Hazard Assessment of 2-Methyl-6-tert-butylphenol in OECD Cooperative Chemicals Assessment Programme

Sun-Kyoung Yoo(유선경),Eunhye Jo(조은혜),Ig Chun Eom(엄익춘),Pilje Kim(김필제),Kyung Hee Choi(최경희) 환경독성보건학회 2016 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.6

은 나노물질의 in vitro 피부자극성시험법 적용성 평가

유선경(Sun Kyoung Yoo),조은혜(Eunhye Jo),김은정(Eunjeong Kim),성화경(Hwa Kyung Sung),김현미(Hyun-Mi Kim),김필제(Pil-je Kim),유승도(Seung Do Yu) 환경독성보건학회 2019 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2019 No.4

무용 안무가의 음악 이용 실태 및 음악 저작권에 대한 인식

유선경(Yoo, Sun-Kyoung),안병주(An, Byong-Ju),정승혜(Jung, Seung-Hye) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.6

The purpose of this study was to examine copyright-related problems that might possibly occur during interaction between music and motion, which was part of the fundamental process for creating a work of dance, It’s specifically meant to investigate the usage of music by dance choreographers during their choreography and their awareness of music copyright. The subjects in this study were 17 dance choreographers who resided in the city of Seoul. They were interviewed in depth and over the phone, and a written interview was additionally conducted by e-mail, The findings of the study were as follows: First, as for the state of music usage among the dance choreographers, a path analysis was made to find out about their ways of selecting music. As a result, it’s found that the most common case of seven was using music after downloading it from the Internet and editing it. The second most common case was asking a composer to compose a piece of music, and the third most common case was extracting a sound source from video clips on YouTube or something like that. The fourth most common case was using the sound sources of CDs that they purchased. The choreographers who downloaded music from the Internet, which was the most frequent case, edited it in person. In that case, it was necessary to seek permission from the music copyrighter, but they often used the music improperly without permission in order to reduce the cost or choose the best music for their work in person. Second, concerning the awareness of the dance choreographers on music copyright, their general understanding of the music copyright law and their information awareness of music copyright were analyzed. As a result, it’s found that they had a good general understanding of the music copyright law but didn’t know well about it in detail. The improper use of music frequently took place due to lack of information on music copyright, and they thought that it’s urgently necessary to take appropriate measures to correct the ambiguous parts of it. Overall, an improper behavior that violated the copyright law often took place among the music choreographers in relation to the usage of music. Yet they didn’t do that out of any impure motives, and lack of information on copyright and poor understanding of it were the causes, instead. Therefore the kind of environments that enable them to have a better understanding of copyright and abide by the copyright law should be created instead of merely looking at the results and rebuking them. To be specific, education and publicity efforts should be strengthened, and the ambiguous parts of copyright should be modified.

지렁이 분변토를 담지한 폴리우레탄과 세라믹 바이오필터의 Dimethyl Sulfide 제거 성능 비교

유선경 ( Sun Kyoung Yoo ),이은영 ( Eun Young Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2009 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.26 No.3

지렁이 분변토를 이용한 생물담체가 충전된 바이오필터에 의한 황화수소 제거

유선경(Sun Kyoung Yoo),이은영(Eun Young Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2007 대한환경공학회지 Vol.29 No.7

지렁이 분변토는 낙엽이나 땅 속의 썩은 뿌리 등을 먹고 장 내의 효소에 의해 부숙화시켜 섭취한 먹이의 80% 이상을 그대로 배설한 질소, 인산, 칼륨 등의 함량이 매우 높고 미생물량도 10⁸ CFU 이상이 되는 천연비료이다. 또한, 분변토의 단립 구조는 통기성 및 투수성이 매우 우수하며, 비표면적이 크고 양이온 교환용량(2.30-4.60 mg/g-soil)이 높아 탈취 능력이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 분변토의 특성을 유지하고 내구성을 향상시켜주기 위해 폐 polyurethane form을 binder로 하여 담체를 제조한 후, 이를 충전한 바이오필터를 대상으로 악취가스 중 황화수소의 제거 성능을 평가하였다. 본 담체는 별도의 배지를 사용하지 않고 분변 토 자체에 포함된 유기, 무기물질을 이용하고, 분변토 자체에 있는 미생물을 이용하여 황화수소를 제거할 수 있었다. 황화수소 주입 직후부터 lag phase없이 100%의 제거효율을 보였다. 공간속도 50 h-1인 경우 입구농도 450 ppmv까지 출구에서 황화수소가 검출되지 않았으며, 악취가스의 입구 농도가 증가함에 따라 바이오필터의 제거효율이 감소하여 출구의 황화수소 농도가 증가하였다. 이 후 950 ppmv까지 약 93% 이상의 우수한 제거효율은 보였고, 약 61.2 g S•m^-3•h^-1의 최대제거용량을 얻을 수 있었다. 90% 이상의 제거 효율을 갖는 황화수소의 최대제거용량은 SV 50 h^-1에서 300 h^-1로 증가함에 따라, 61.2, 65.9, 84.7, 89.4 g S•m^-3 •h^-1 로 증가하다가 SV 400 h^-1에서는 약 59.3 g S•m^-3 •h^-1 로 감소하였다. 공간속도의 증가에 따른 최대제거속도(Vm)와 포화상수(Ks)를 Michaelis-Menten식으로부터 구한 결과, 각각 66.04, 88.96, 117.35, 224.15, 227.54 g•m^-3 •h^-1 로 비례적으로 증가하였으며, 반면 포화상수는 79.97, 64.95, 65.37, 127.72, 157.43 ppmv으로 감소한 후 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Earthworm casting was the natural fertilizer that contained high concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate and potassium and of over 10(8) CFU/ml of microorganisms. Greater than 80% of feed was excreted through the fermentation by the intestinal enzyme, after worm had eaten feeds such as fallen leaves and rotten roots under the ground. Also, the soil structure of casting was known to be very efficient in the aspects of the porosity, the water permeability, and deodorizing activities. In this research, the biofilter packed with a biomedia made of casting and waste polyurethane foam, a binder, which helped to improve the durability and perpetuity of casting, was investigated to degrade malodorous hydrogen sulfide gas. The biomedia had no need of extra supply of nutrients and of microbial inoculations. On the beginning of the operations, it showed 100% removal of hydrogen sulfide gas without lag phase. At SV of 50 h^-1, hydrogen sulfide gas from the outlet of the biofilter was not detected, when inlet concentration increased to 450 ppmv. After that, removal efficiency decreased as increasing inlet hydrogen sulfide concentration. Hydrogen sulfide removal was maintained at almost 93% until inlet concentration was increased up to 950 ppmv, at which the elimination capacity of H₂S was 61.2 g S•m^-3•h^-1. Maximum elimination capacity guaranteing 90% removal was 61.2, 65.9, 84.7, 89.4 g S•m^-3•h^-1 at SV ranging from 50 h^-1 to 300 h^-1, but was 59.3 g S•m^-3•h^-1 at SV of 400 h^-1. The results calculated from Michaelis-Menten equation revealed that Vm increased from 66.04, 88.96, 117.35, 224.15, to 227.54 g S•m^-3•h^-1 with increasing space velocity in the range of 50 h^{^-1} to 400 h^{^-1}. However, saturation constant(Ks) decreased from 79.97 ppmv to 64.95 and 65.37 ppmv, and then increased to 127.72 and 157.43 ppmv.

열분해에 의한 유기 폐기물의 유류자원화 기술에 관한 기초 연구

최혁진(Choi Hyuk-jin),유선경(Yoo Sun-kyoung),오상우(Oh Sang-woo),강창구(Kang Chang-gu),이승훈(Lee Seung-hun) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2005 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.11

인류는 화석연료의 한정된 매장량과 편중된 분포, 화석연료 고갈로 인한 문제점들이 드러난 이래대체 에너지 개발에 꾸준한 노력을 기울여 왔으며, 특히 최근 10년간은 바이오매스를 이용한 재생가능한 자원의 개발이 커다란 관심을 끌고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 유기성 폐기물을 고온ㆍ고압 조건에서 열분해하여 얻은 생성물의 특성을 분석하여 대체 자원화 여부와 가능성을 평가하였다. 250℃, 40atm에서 1, 2, 3시간 열분해한 액상 생성물은 중유(重油)보다 다소 낮은 발열량을 나타내었고 점도가 높았다. 하지만 꾸준한 연구를 통해 보다 나은 열분해 기술 개발과 유기성 폐기물의 대체 자원화에 노력한다면 연료로 사용 가능한 오일을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

생물시험법을 이용한 중금속 물질의 급성 및 피부독성 평가

조은혜 ( Eunhye Jo ),유선경 ( Sun Kyoung Yoo ),성화경 ( Hwa Kyung Sung ),김은정 ( Eunjeong Kim ),엄익춘 ( Igchun Eom ),김필제 ( Pilje Kim ) 한국환경분석학회 2017 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.20 No.2

Cadmium chloride(CdCl₂), copper(II) chloride(CuCl₂), potassium dichromate(VI)(K₂Cr₂O₇), zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) and nickel(II) chloride(NiCl₂) are found in a wide range of products. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity and skin irritancy of the five chemicals using in vitro systems, and compare the results with in vivo endpoints. In this study, BALB/c 3T3 cells were exposed to several concentrations of CdCl₂, CuCl₂, K₂Cr₂O₇ ZnCl₂, and NiCl₂,and the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay was used to analyze cell viability. In addition, the chemicals were applied to the EpiDerm human skin model (EPI-200) to determine which of them causes significant cytotoxicity. Compared with the UN GHS and EU risk phrases, the assay results exhibited a high prediction rate (100%) in the skin bioassay. In contrast, the acute toxicity bioassay results were more similar to the lethal dose, 50% obtained from rat experiments than GHS and R-phrases. In summation, these findings indicate that acute toxicity and skin irritancy bioassays can be utilized as an alternative to the use of animals in evaluating chemical toxicity.

열분해에 의한 바이오매스의 유류자원화 기술에 관한 기초 연구

최혁진(Choi Hyuk-jin),유선경(Yoo Sun-kyoung),오상우(Oh Sang-woo),이승국(Lee Seung-guk),이승훈(Lee Seung-hoon) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2007 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.10 No.2

SP-ICP-MS 및 ICP-MS를 이용한 HepG2 세포 내 금 나노물질 축적 평가

김은정 ( Eunjeong Kim ),성화경 ( Hwa Kyung Sung ),유선경 ( Sun Kyoung Yoo ),조은혜 ( Eunhye Jo ),김현미 ( Hyun-mi Kim ),김필제 ( Pilje Kim ),유승도 ( Seung Do Yu ) 한국환경분석학회 2018 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.21 No.2

The cellular uptake of gold nanomaterials (AuNPs) was investigated in human liver HepG2 cells exposed to 0.5 or 1 μg/mL of AuNPs for 24 hours. After the exposure period, the total gold concentration in the medium and cells was observed to have increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner; gold nanomaterials were mainly present in the medium, while some were present in the cells. SP-ICP-MS showed that the AuNPs concentration increased in the medium and cells, but the results were lower in comparison to the total gold concentration measured by ICP-MS. This difference was presumably due to the fact that AuNPs were ionized and aggregated, and only a part of them retained a shape that is detectable by SP-ICP-MS. The median size of AuNPs remained similar after 24 hours to that at initial exposure. In conclusion, this study confirmed the applicability of SP-ICP-MS for the analysis of the concentration and size of AuNPs and the distribution pattern of AuNPs in HepG2 cells.

환경 중 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-one에 대한 초기 생태위해성 평가

한혜진(Hye Jin Han),김은주(Eun Ju Kim),유선경(Sun Kyoung Yoo),노희영(Hi Young Ro),백용욱(Yong Wook Baek),심일섭(Il Seob Shim),엄익춘(Ig Chun Eom),김현미(Hyun Mi Kim),김필제(Pil Je Kim),최경희(Kyung Hee Choi) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구에서는 벤즈이소시아졸리논의 초기 생태위해성을 평가하기 위해 물리·화학적 특성과 환경거동 및 경로를 조사하였고, 어류, 물벼룩 및 조류를 이용한 수생태 독성시험을 수행하였다. 조사 결과, 벤즈이소시아졸리논은 비휘발성으로 환경 중 주로 토양과 물에 분포하는 특성이 있으며, 토양 내 이동성과 생물농축 가능성이 낮은 편으로 나타났다. Oryzias laties를 이용한 급성 독성시험 결과 96시간-LC50 값은 4.7 mg/L(측정농도), Daphnia magna를 이용한 48시간-EC50 값은 3.3mg/L(측정농도)이었다. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata를 이용한 72시간-EC50 값은 0.456 mg/L(평균 성장률, 설정농도)와 0.262mg/L(수율, 설정농도)이었다. 시험 종 가운데 독성에 가장 민감한 조류의 수율 EC50 값에 평가 계수 100을 적용한 예측무영향 농도는 2.62 μg/L이었다. 각 시험군의 독성 종말점을 GHS (Globally Harmonized System) 기준에 따라 분류한 결과 조류 독성은 급성독성 1등급, 어류 및 물벼룩 독성은 급성독성 2등급에 해당되었다. 본 결과를 토대로 볼 때 벤즈이소시아졸리논은 생태환경에 대한 위해성이 예측된다. In this study, physico-chemical properties and environmental fate were investigated and ecotoxicity tests using fish, daphnia and algae were conducted for an initial ecological risk assessment of 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-one. Due to low volatility of the test substance under environmental conditions, it is likely to distributed in soil and water environment. The compound has low adsorption in the soil, with low bioconcentration potential. Acute toxicity results showed that 96 h-LC50 for Oryzias laties was 4.7 mg/L (measured) and 48h-EC50 for Daphnia magna was 3.3 mg/L (measured). In a growth inhibition test with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, 72 h-EC50 was 0.456 mg/L (growth rate, nominal) and 0.262 mg/L (yield, nominal). Using the acute toxicity value of algae, predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) in the aquatic environment was determined to be 2.62 μg/L using an factor of 100. According to globally harmonized system (GHS), the compound was categorized as aquatic acute 1 for algae, while it was categorized as aquatic acute 2 for fish and daphnia. This screening assessment suggests that the test substance may pose ecological risks in the aquatic environment.