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방화셔터와 피난계단이 존재하는 실내 환경의 화재 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션
유두열,양정민,Yoo, Doo-Yul,Yang, Jung-Min 한국전자통신학회 2013 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.11
논문에서는 방화셔터와 피난계단이 존재하는 실내 환경의 화재 시뮬레이션을 실시하여 방화셔터와 화재 확산 사이의 관계를 분석하였다. 화재 시뮬레이션용 상용 소프트웨어인 FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)를 사용하여 가상으로 설정한 실내 로비에서 화재 규모와 방화셔터의 개폐 여부를 변화시켜 가면서 모의실험을 실시하였다. 실험을 통해 화재실 벽면과 계단 입구의 온도 변화, 이산화탄소 농도 변화, 연기의 확산 등의 변수들을 구하고 결과를 검토하였다. 피난계단에서 온도와 이산화탄소의 분포는 화재규모와 개구부의 개폐 여부와 별 상관이 없으나, 방화셔터의 부분 하강이 연기의 확산을 막고 있음을 알 수 있었다. This paper analyzes the relation between fire shutters and fire spread by conducting fire simulation on inner space with fire shutters. Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), a commercial fire simulation software, the simulation is done on an ideal inner robby, where fire size and the open/close of fire shutters are varied. Our simulation environment can derive significant fire parameters such as temperature variation of fire room walls and entrances of refuge stairs, variation of carbon dioxide, and soot spread. According to the simulation results, temperature and carbon dioxide distribution in refuge stairs have little dependence on vent open or close, but the part close of fire shutters blocks soot inflow to refuge stairs.
火傷 後血淸中 Transaminase와 Alkaline Phosphatase의 活性度 및 尿中 主要 電解質變動에 關하여
柳斗烈 우석대학교 의과대학 1968 우석의대잡지 Vol.5 No.1
The transaminase and alkaline phosphatase values in serum, and the sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium values in 24 hours urine were studied in 26 fresh burned patients of 10 to 90 % of body surface area. The patients were admitted between 1 and 6 hours after burning. Venous blood was drawn on lst, 2nd, 4th and 6th day post burn. 24 hours urine were examined on 1st, 3rd and 5th day post burn. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There were early and moderate increases of GOT and GPT levels in the serum, with maximum values observed between the second and fourth days after burning. The levels of GOT and GPT gradually returned to normal by the end of the first week. 2. The value of alkaline phosphatase in serum was slightly increased on the first day after burning. After that time the level of alkaline phosphatase was within normal limits in all. 3. Na, K, Cl and Ca levels in 24 hours urine showed gradual increase in early post-burn period, however, these values were within normal limits in comparison with normal healthy kadult orean except potassium concentration. Above data of the early rise in both GOT and GPT in serum are thought to be destruction of skin and the gradual increase of the urinary concentrations of Na, K, Cl, and Ca are due to reabsorption of edema after burning.
柳斗烈,睦敦相 고려대학교 의과대학 1975 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.12 No.1
Many procedures for surgical decompression of biliary tract using intestinal loop have been reported. Prevention of stenosis of the anastomotic stoma is especially important in the view of longterm results. Author performed cholecystojejunostomy in 4 dongs, choledochoduodenostomy in 3 dogs and choledochojejunostomy in 3 dogs 10 days after complete ligation of common bile duct, leaving gall bladder intact. Changes of hematologic values, liver function test, regurgitation of intestinal contents, changes of anastomotic stomal size at biliary decompression operation and then 6 months later, gross and histopathologic findings of liver, spleen, anastomotic site and brain at autopsy were observed in cholecystojejunostomy, choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy groups. Followings were the results obtained: 1. There were no remarkable hematologic changes except leukocytosis in the group of ligated common bile duct and biliary-intestinal anastomosis comparing with control group. 2. In liver function tests, total protein and A/G ratio were within normal limits but total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, SGPT, total bilirubin and thymol turbidity were remarkably increased in the group of ligated common bile duct and were slightly decreased 1 week after biliary decompression operation. SGOT, SGPT, total bilirubin and thymol turbidity were decreased to near normal within 24 weeks after each decompression. Total cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase, however, were only slightly decreased in 6 months after the decompression procedure. 3. Reflux of the intestinal contents into biliary tract observed in 4 out of 6 dogs. 4. Anastomotic stoma were more remarkably stenosed in the group of cholecystojejunostomy 6 months after decompression operation, the size of anastomotic stoma was 1.5㎝ at operation and 0.3-1.2㎝ at autopsy. In choledochoduodenostomy the size of anastomotic stoma was 1.5㎝ at operation and 1.2㎝ at autopsy 6 months after operation. In choledochojejunostomy the size of anastomotic stoma was 2.0㎝ at operation and 1.5㎝ at autopsy 4 weeks after the procedure. 5. Ascending infection was more evident in 2 cases of cholecystojejunostomy in 24 weeks and those in others were mild. 6. At autopsy gross findings of liver, spleen and brain were relatively normal except the hepatomegaly in 1 case. 7. In the group of cholecystojejunostomy, significant pathologic findings of liver were degeneration of hepatic cell, disarray of cell cord, venous congestion, portal fibrosis, portal infiltration and bile duct proliferation. Pathologic changes of spleen of significance were sinus congestion, hemorrhage, atrophy of white pulp, hemosiderin pigmentation and trabecular hypertrophy. Hemorrhage, fibrosis, foreign body granuloma, mucosal ulcer and lymphocytic infiltration were observed at anastomotic sites. Above changes were relatively mild to moderate in choledochoduodenostomy and choledochojejunostomy groups. 8. Large abnormal astrocytes in brain tissue were moderately increased in number 2 cases of cholecystojejunostomy and in 1 case of choledochojejunostomy.