http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
구원회,엄인호 법무부 2004 통상법률 Vol.- No.57
Agricultural trade between the United States and Canada has been contentious since the inception of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA) since 1989, mainly because Canadian exports of wheat and barley to the United States increased significantly, while U.S. exports remain unchanged. Research conducted by many agricultural economists in both sides of the border indicates that the asymmetric trade flows of wheat and barley between the two countries have been caused by differences in trade policies, farm subsidies, and marketing institutions between the two countries, and the relative value of the Canadian dollars. Wheat producers in the United States increasingly rely on US trade remedy laws such as anti-dumping and countervailing duties, require a material injury test prior to the imposition of countermeasures, to correct the surge in wheat imports from Canada. The most recent affirmative injury determination by the USITC demonstrates that the lack of a quantitative definition of material injury makes the outcome of the injury determination virtually unpredictable. The current trend of seeking relief using trade remedy laws will continue as long as the asymmetric bilateral wheat trade flows remain unchanged.
상박신경총 차단에 있어서 Bupivacaine 의 용량 변화에 따른 임상적 고찰
김영대,이홍식,김필곤,엄인호,신건선 대한마취과학회 1989 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.22 No.4
Brachial plexus block is frequently used for surgery on the upper extremity. Unsuccessful brachial plexus block is usually caused either by injection outside the neurovascular sheath or by incomplete blockade inspite of injection within the neurovascular sheath. Studied by Winnie and Collines suggested that the extent of blockade following injection in the sheath surrounding the brachial plexus also should be directly proportional to the volume of local anesthetic injected. We therefore investigated the extent of blockade using different volume of bupivacaine with supraclavicular approach. The results were as follows. 1) Complete analgesia was observed between the group of 15 ml and 30 ml. 2) The interval of complaint of pain after a single injection ranged from 14.3 to 16.4 hours. Insignifi-cant difference was found between the group of 15 ml and 30 ml (p$gt; 0.1) 3) There was no hematoma, shivering, but there was Horner's syndrome in 13, phrenic N.paralysis in 2, pneumothorax in 1 cases. No general seizure or other side effects were observed. Therefore we come to the conclusion that above the volume of 15 ml is sufficient to brachial plexus block with supraclavicular approach.
Alkalinized Bupivacaine 에 의한 상박신경총 차단의 임상적 평가
이홍식,김필곤,김용휘,엄인호 대한마취과학회 1990 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.23 No.3
To define the effect of alkalinization of bupivacaine 0.5% in supraclavicular approch of brachial plexus bock, the onset of sensory and motorblock were determined. Fourty physical status ASA 1 were randomly allocated to two groups.: Group 1 (n=20); bupivacaine 0.5% 20 ml (pH 6.0-6.2). Group 2 (n=20); alkalinized buivacaine 0.5% 20 ml (pH 6.9-7.2). Onest of sensory blockade were determined by pinprick in the C4 - T2 skin dermatome, and extend of sensory block was assessed by the number of dermatomes blocked while motor blockade was assessed by scoring on a scale: Grade 1; inability to flex the elbow against resistance. Grade 2; inability to flex the elbow against gravity. Grade 3; inability to flex the wrist against gavity. The results were as follows. 1) The average time for sensory blockade of five dermatonies was significantly more rapid in group 2 (within 15 min) than those in group 1 (over 25 min). 2) The average time of motor blockade was significantly more rapid in group 2 (Grade 1: 2 min 43 sec, Grade 2: 11 min 36 sec) than those in group 1 (Grade 1: 5 min 4 sec, Grade 2: 18 min 36 sec). 3) There was no pneumothorax, phrenic nerve paralvsis and general seizure or other side effects but Horners syndrome in 10 cases and hematoma in 2 cases were observed. The results indicate that alkainized bupivacaine for supraclavicular approch of rachial plexus block has more rapid onset than plain bupivacaine.
An Examination of the U.S. Trade Remedy Laws
Won Whe Koo(구원회),Uhm Ihn Ho(엄인호) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2004 통상법률 Vol.- No.57
Agricultural trade between the United States and Canada has been contentious since the inception of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA) since 1989, mainly because Canadian exports of wheat and barley to the United States increased significantly, while U.S. exports remain unchanged. Research conducted by many agricultural economists in both sides of the border indicates that the asymmetric trade flows of wheat and barley between the two countries have been caused by differences in trade policies, farm subsidies, and marketing institutions between the two countries, and the relative value of the Canadian dollars. Wheat producers in the United States increasingly rely on US trade remedy laws such as anti-dumping and countervailing duties, require a material injury test prior to the imposition of countermeasures, to correct the surge in wheat imports from Canada. The most recent affirmative injury determination by the USITC demonstrates that the lack of a quantitative definition of material injury makes the outcome of the injury determination virtually unpredictable. The current trend of seeking relief using trade remedy laws will continue as long as the asymmetric bilateral wheat trade flows remain unchanged.