$SiO_2-ZrO_2-Na_2O-B_2O_3$계 결정화 유리의 제조와 물성

안주삼,이원유,채병준,최승철,박영선 한국결정성장학회 1998 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.8 No.3

The fracture toughness and hardness of 62 %$SiO_2-19%ZrO_2-9%Na_2O-10%B_2O_3$(wt%) glass ceramics system were investigated. As a result of DTA study to find crystallization temperature, an exothermic peak near $820^{\circ}C$ was observed. The optimum nucleation temperature and the optimum crystal growth temperature were determined by XRD and SEM analysis, and were approximately $650^{\circ}C$, $840^{\circ}C$ respectively. The fracture toughness of this zirconia glass ceramics was determined by Vickers Indentation Method. The hardness value was not changed with increasing of the heat treatment temperature, but fracture toughness value was increased up to $1.8 MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ at $840^{\circ}C$, with increasing of heat treatment temperature. 62 %$SiO_2-19%ZrO_2-9%Na_2O-10%B_2O_3$(wt%) 조성의 결정화 유리를 제조하여 열처리 온도에 따른 경도와 파괴인성의 변화를 조사하였다. 결정화 온도는 DTA 분석의 발열곡선으로 측정하였으며, 핵행성 온도와 결정성장 온도는 XRD 분석을 통하여 결정하였다. 결정화 온도는 $820^{\circ}C$ 부근이며, 결정상은 t-ZrO2이었다. 최적의 핵행성 온도는 $650^{\circ}C$, 결정성장 온도는 $840^{\circ}C$이며, 석출된 결정상은 t-ZrO2 단일상 이었다. 결정화 유리의 경도와 파괴인성은 비이커스 압자 압입법에 의하여 측정하였으며, 결정화를 위한 열처리 온도 증가에 따른 경도변화는 거의 관찰되지 않았으며, 파괴인성값은 열처리 온도상승에 따라 증가되었으며, $840^{\circ}C$에서 1.8MPa . m1/2이었다.

가정용 전자렌지를 사용한 천연규석분말과 Al분말 성형체로부터 사이알론상 합성에 관한 연구

안주삼 한국세라믹학회 1997 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.34 No.1

가정용 전자 렌지를 사용하여, SiO2-Al 분말 성형체로 이루어진 시편을 질화분위기에서 점화시켰다. 연소파대가 전파되면서 미반응물없이 Si와 AIN와 Al2O3를 석출하였으며, 냉각과정을 거치지 않고 곧바로 석출물들이 마이크로파를 흡수하여 고온에서 가열되어서 사이알론상을 합성하였다. 전자렌지안에서 SiO2-Al 분말성형체로부터 사이알론상들의 합성율은 일반적인 로내에서의 합성율보다 높았고, 공정시간이 불과 1시간내외에 이어서 에너지와 제조경비를 절약할 수 있었다. In home-style microwave oven, silica-Al powder mixture was ignited among pellets and combustion wave-front propagated to produce Si+AIN+Al2O3 as resultant phases under N2 atmosphere. Without cooling pro-cedure the resultant phases of Si+AIN+Al2O3 continously absorbed microwave and were heated to be syn-thesized into sialon phases. This synthesis rate of sialon phases from silica-Al powder mixture in home-style microwave oven was higher than that in conventional furnace, and total processing time was around 1 hour, which could save energy and cost.

첨가된 알루미늄 분말의 산화가 알루미나 소결에 미치는 영향(I. 공기중, $1350~1550^{\cire}C$에서)

박정현,안주삼,김해두 한국세라믹학회 1983 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The main object of this study is to investigate the effect of Al powder as an additive on the sintering of calcined alumina comparing with that of calcined alumina alone. The degree of Al oxidation is calculated by measuring the weight increase during the firing Water absorption bulk density and compressive strength of the $Al_2O_3+Al$ system at each temperature are compared with those of $Al_2O_4$ alone. The $Al_2O_3+Al$ system shows better physical propeties than Al2O3 alone and it seems by the SEM observation that the fine oxidized Al particles(fine $Al_2O_3$ particles submicron unit) fill the interstices of the original $Al_2O_3$ par-ticles and thus result in the well-close-packed arrangement of the particles.

마이크로파 에너지를 이용한 저수축 반응소결 알루미나의 제조에 관한 연구

박정현,안주삼 한국세라믹학회 1995 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.32 No.2

By using homestyle microwave oven, Al-Al2O3 powder mixture could be oxidized and sintered into Al2O3 body. The differences in powder characteristics among the differently processed raw materials affect the oxidation and sintering behaviours, and these effects were more pronounced in case of microwave oven than of conventional furnace. Al-Al2O3 powder mixture was oxidized and sintered within 2hrs, which could save both processing time and energy.

Al 분말의 산화에 의한 $Al_2O_3$ 소결에 관한 연구

박정현,안주삼,김해두 한국세라믹학회 1982 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.19 No.3

This research is to aim at the study of sintering mechanism through the observation of microstructure by scanning electron microscopy, after the mixture of 30wt% $Al_2O_3$ (White Alundum) powder is fired in air at the temperature range of 1350~150$0^{\circ}C$ in order to sinter $Al_2O_3$-Al through the oxidation of Al powder. The results obtained in this experiment are as follows: 1. While the compressive strength of $Al_2O_3$(WA) body fired at $1450^{\circ}C$ for 5hrs in air is 150kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, that of Al-$Al_2O_3$ body fired at 135$0^{\circ}C$, $1400^{\circ}C$ for 5hrs in air is 1100kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 1600kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ respectively, and the higher the firing temperature, the more the compressive strength increases. These results from the sintering effect between $Al_2O_3$(WA) grains and surrounding Al-oxidation layer. 2. While the compressive strength of Al2O3(WA) body fired at 150$0^{\circ}C$ for 5hrs in air is 250kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, the compressive strength of Al-$Al_2O_3$body fired under the same condition is 2050kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and water absorption 9.0%, porosity 23.3%, bulk density 2.60gr/$cm^3$. It is assumed that these results come from not only the grain growth of oxidized Al grains but also the increase of bonding strength between $Al_2O_3$(WA) grains.

SHS Microwave 법으로 합성한 SiC 분말의 고온가압 소결특성

김도경,안주삼,김익진,이형복 한국세라믹학회 1995 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.32 No.8

Ultra-fine $\beta$-SiC powders were fabricated by self-propagating high temperature synthesis process (SHS) using microwave oven. The flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness of hot pressed sample at 200$0^{\circ}C$ for 60 min using synthesized SiC powders, which had 2 wt% of Al2O3 and 2.5 wt% of B4C content, showed 438 MPa, 4.15MPa.m1/2 and 28 GPa, respectively. The highest strength, fracture toughness, and hardness of composites containing 4wt% of Al2O3, which had highest relative density of 99.9%, showed 458 MPa, 4.6MPa.m1/2 and 36.2 GPa, respectively.

마이크로파 혼합 가열에 의한 $Al-Al_2O_3$ 분말성형체의 산화와 소결

박정현,안주삼 한국세라믹학회 1995 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Microwave (Hybrid) Heating (MHH) was used to oxidize and sinter Al-Al2O3 powder mixture. For 25 v/o Al specimen and 35 v/o Al specimen, the total processing to produce low-shrinkage reaction bonded alumina was carried out within 1 hour even though conventional furnace process took more than 10 hours. Compared with conventional fast firing process, MHH process increased more than 40% oxidation at the same temperature, and these high oxidation rates were thought to be caused by the surface ohmic current on Al particles.

유한요소 분석을 통한 심미적 교정 브라켓의 응력 및 구조분석에 관한 연구

손홍범,이원유,안주삼,정시동,박영철,박명균 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 유한요소 분석법의 사용으로 세가지 형태의 브라켓에 tipping과 torquing force를 부여하여 응력분포를 알아보고 또한 스테인레스 스틸과 세라믹의 재질을 임의 설정하여 응력분포를 알아보아 생역학적으로 우수한 브라켓을 디자인 하는 데 기초가 되기 위해 수행되었다. 선정된 세가지 브라켓은 A:Transcend(Unitek) B:Signatrue(RMO) C:PAW(Plane Arch Wire appliance)이었다. 철선은 0.0175x0.025스테인레스 스틸과 C형은 새롭게 고안된 마름모꼴 철선이 이용되었다. tipping force는 4.27N을 브라켓의 wire slot의 gingival wall의 mesial surface와 대각선으로 대칭되는 면에 각각의 node에 분력의 형태로 작용시켰다. torquing force는 couple force의 형태로 32.858N을 19.7도 회전하였고 bracket C형은 동량의 힘을 11.3도 회전하여 X와 Y의 방향으로 분력의 형태로 나누어 해석하였고 von Mises stress(최대상당응력)가 각 브라켓에서 기록되었다. 이에 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 유한요소 해석을 통해 브라켓과 wire slot을 실제로 제작하지 않고도 각각의 재료에 따른 응력분포를 예측할 수 있었다. 둘째, 응력의 집중부위는 Tipping시 브라켓 A,B,C 모두 유사하게 나타났는데 브라켓 wire slot의 gingival wall과 mesial surface가 만나는 부위와 wire slot의 incisal wall과 distal surface가 만나는 부위였다. Torquing시 wire solt의 길이방향을 따라 넓게 분포되었고 gingival wall과 협면으로 이행되는 모서리 그리고 incisal wall내면에 집중되었다. 셋째, 브라켓에 작용하는 응력은 Tipping에 의한 것보다는 Torquing에 의한 영향이 더 큼을 알수 있었으며 Torquing force를 기준으로 브라켓을 설계하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다. 넷째, 브라켓의 형상과 함께 재료의 변화가 응력감소에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료되므로 브라켓 제작시 한가지 재료보다 응력이 많이 받는 부위는 다른 재료를 사용하여 응력의 분포를 줄일수도 있음을 알수있었다. 다섯째, 사용하기에 용이하고 운용이 효율적일 것으로 판단되는 브라켓C형(PAW브라켓)은 응력집중현상이 다른 두 브라켓보다 크게 나타났으므로 이의 제작시 기계적 성질이 우수한 재료를 사용해야 할 것으로 사료되었다. The aim of this study were to measure and compare the stress level on three type brackets and each other material(stainless steel, ceramic) with tipping and troquing forces by using the finite element analysis and to design biomechanically favorable brackets. For this study, three kinds of brackets were selected(A:Transcend-RMO, B:Signatrue-Unitek C:PAW:plane archwire appliance-applied for a patent in Yonsei University). The slot size of bracket was 0.022inch and the size of archwire was 0.0175x0.025inch and taper shaped archwire was used in PAW. Loading force in tipping was 4.27N and torquing force was 32.858N applied by archwire torsion with 19.7degree and 11.3 degree in C type bracket. The conclusions were that (1)The finite element method proved to be a useful tool in the stress analysis of orthodontic bracket subjected to various forces. (2)With tipping, the stresses were concentrated at the gingival wall of the wire slot where it meets the mesial bracket surface and the incisal wall of the wire slot where it meets the distal bracket surface and with torquing, the stresses were concentrated at the junction of the gingival or incisal wall and base of the slot. (3)The maximum stress value was higher in torquing force than tipping force and therefore it is desirable to design on the basis of torquing force. (4)It was considered that the change in material might be affect on the diminish of stress value in the place of stess concentration. (5)The maximum stress value was highest on PAW bracket when the tipping and torquing force was applied and therefore it would be desirable to use mechanically favorable material on PAW bracket.

마이크로파 하이브리드 소결법에 의한 NTC 서미스터의 제조

최영락,안진용,안주삼,백동규,최승철 한국결정성장학회 1998 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.8 No.3

마이크로파(2.45GHz) 에너지를 이용한 소결법으로 $1100^{\circ}C$~$1300^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 반도체 세라믹스인 $Mn_3O_4{\cdot}Co_3O_4{\cdot}3NiO$ 조성의 NTC 서미스터를 소결하였으며, 그 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 소결온도가 높아질수록 소결밀도가 높은 치밀한 소결체를 얻을 수 있었으며, 25~$85^{\circ}C$ 범위의 온도변화에 따른 전기저항변화 특성으로부터 구한 비저항 $B_{25^{\circ/85^{\circ}}$ 정수는 3100~3200K이었다. 마이크로파 하이브리드, 소결법으로 소결된 시편과 일반소결법으로 소결된 시편을 비교하면 소결특성과 전기적물성에서 비슷한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 마이크로파 에너지를 이용한 소결공정은 20분 안에 완료되는 짧은 시간의 급속소결법으로 공정 시간과 에너지를 크게 절감할 수 있었다. The NTC thermistors were sintered by using microwave hybrid heating method at $1100^{\circ}C$~$1300^{\circ}C$ and those electrical properties were investigated. The obtained $B_{25^{\circ}C/85^{\circ}C}$ values from temperature dependence of electrical resisitivity were around 3100~3200 K which were almost the same values as conventionally sintered ones. Compared with conventional sintering process, this process could complete whole sintering process within 20 minutes. This the processing time and energy consumption could be reduced through this rapid heating by using microwave hybrid heating.t there were showed only two peaks, glycolide melting peak and lower molecular weight melting peak without lauryl alcohol. Conversion increased slowly with the reaction time up to 50 minutes, and then gave a sudden increase above that. The reaction time to disappear in glycolide melting peak during polymerization was shortened with the increase of lauryl alcohol content. Zero-shear viscosity of polyglycolic acid decreased with the increase of free acid content in glycolide.ssional energy and bending hysteresis increased. \circled3 Surface characteristics such as friction coefficient and thickness variation of highly shrinkage fabrics became relatively roughened state. \circled4 Since stiffened and roughened characteristics of highly shrinkage fabrics, drapabilities of them were significantly lowered. Additionally thermal insulation property of high shrinkage fabric was higher than that of low shrinkage fabric due to bulky and thickened feature. From the results, it is considered that the silk fabrics with high filling shrinkage have the good bulkiness and heat keeping properties and thus they have the suitable characteristics for high quality men's and women's formal garments.

수산염법으로 합성한 $Ba(Ti_{1-x}Sn_x)_4O_9$ 분말의 소결체 특성(II)

허혜경,지미정,안주삼,최병현 한국세라믹학회 1996 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.33 No.8

수산염볍으로 Ba(Ti1-xSnx)4O9 분말을 합성하였다. Ti자리에 Sn이 치환되면 생성된 BaTi4O9은 고용체를 형성하기 때문에 안정화되었다. BaTi4O9 결정상의 생성을 위한 최적 고용량은 0.16mole이었으며, 그 이상 첨가시는 BaTi4O9 결정 성장을 억제하였다. 0.16mole Sn을 첨가하여 135$0^{\circ}C$에서 30분 소결하였을 때 긴 막대형의 결정이 가장 잘 발달하였고, 이때 Q값이 가장 높았다. 그러나 Sn 첨가량이나 소결 유지시간을 변화시켜도 유전율은 거의 일정하였다. Ba(Ti1-xSnx)4O9 powder was synthesized by oxalate method. With the substitution of Sn into Ti site the sintered BaTiO4 crystal phase was stabilized due to the formation of solid solution. The optimal amounts of Sn solutbility for formation of BaTi4O9 crystalline phase was 0.16mole and of Sn was substituted and sintering was done at 135$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes long rod type crystal was well developed and the highest Q value was obtained. But dielectric constant wasnearly constant without regarding to the Sn addition and the sintering time.