이중 전기방사법을 이용하여 SnO₂-Sn-Ag₃Sn 나노 입자가 균일하게 내재된 탄소 나노섬유의 합성

안건형,안효진,An, Geon-Hyoung,Ahn, Hyo-Jin 한국재료학회 2013 한국재료학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Well-distributed $SnO_2$-Sn-$Ag_3Sn$ nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanofibers were fabricated using a co-electrospinning method, which is set up with two coaxial capillaries. Their formation mechanisms were successfully demonstrated. The structural, morphological, and chemical compositional properties were investigated by field-emission scanning electron spectroscopy (FESEM), bright-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In particular, to obtain well-distributed $SnO_2$ and Sn and $Ag_3Sn$ nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers, the relative molar ratios of the Ag precursor to the Sn precursor including 7 wt% polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were controlled at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. The FESEM, bright-field TEM, XRD, and XPS results show that the nanoparticles consisting of $SnO_2$-Sn-$Ag_3Sn$ phases were in the range of ~4 nm-6 nm for sample A, ~5 nm-15 nm for sample B, ~9 nm-22 nm for sample C. In particular, for sample A, the nanoparticles were uniformly grown in the carbon nanofibers. Furthermore, when the amount of the Ag precursor and the Sn precursor was increased, the inorganic nanofibers consisting of the $SnO_2$-Sn-$Ag_3Sn$ nanoparticles were formed due to the decreased amount of the carbon nanofibers. Thus, well-distributed nanoparticles embedded in the carbon nanofibers were successfully synthesized at the optimum molar ratio (0.1) of the Ag precursor to the Sn precursor after calcination of $800^{\circ}C$.

루테늄 산화물 나노 섬유 지지체에 담지된 고 분산성 촉매의 전기화학적 거동

안건형,안효진,An, Geon-Hyoung,Ahn, Hyo-Jin 한국분말야금학회 2017 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.24 No.2

Well-dispersed platinum catalysts on ruthenium oxide nanofiber supports are fabricated using electrospinning, post-calcination, and reduction methods. To obtain the well-dispersed platinum catalysts, the surface of the nanofiber supports is modified using post-calcination. The structures, morphologies, crystal structures, chemical bonding energies, and electrochemical performance of the catalysts are investigated. The optimized catalysts show well-dispersed platinum nanoparticles (1-2 nm) on the nanofiber supports as well as a uniform network structure. In particular, the well-dispersed platinum catalysts on the ruthenium oxide nanofiber supports display excellent catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reactions with a half-wave potential ($E_{1/2}$) of 0.57 V and outstanding long-term stability after 2000 cycles, resulting in a lower $E_{1/2}$ potential degradation of 19 mV. The enhanced electrochemical performance for oxygen reduction reactions results from the well-dispersed platinum catalysts and unique nanofiber supports.

산소환원반응 촉매용 질소 도핑된 탄소나노섬유의 제조

안건형,이은환,안효진,An, Geon-Hyoung,Lee, Eun-Hwan,Ahn, Hyo-Jin 한국분말야금학회 2016 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.23 No.6

N-doped carbon nanofibers as catalysts for oxygen-reduction reactions are synthesized using electrospinning and carbonization. Their morphologies, structures, chemical bonding states, and electrochemical performance are characterized. The optimized N-doped carbon nanofibers exhibit graphitization of carbon nanofibers and an increased nitrogen doping as well as a uniform network structure. In particular, the optimized N-doped carbon nanofibers show outstanding catalytic activity for oxygen-reduction reactions, such as a half-wave potential ($E_{1/2}$) of 0.43 V, kinetic limiting current density of $6.2mAcm^{-2}$, electron reduction pathways (n = 3.1), and excellent long-term stability after 2000 cycles, resulting in a lower $E_{1/2}$ potential degradation of 13 mV. The improvement in the electrochemical performance results from the synergistic effect of the graphitization of carbon nanofibers and the increased amount of nitrogen doping.

아연-이온 전기화학 커패시터의 에너지 저장 성능향상을 위한 다공성 전극 제조

안건형,An, Geon-Hyoung 한국재료학회 2019 한국재료학회지 Vol.29 No.8

Zn-ion supercapacitors (ZICs) show high energy densities with long cycling life for use in electronic devices. Porous Zn electrodes as anodes for ZICs are fabricated by chemical etching process using optimized conditions. The structures, morphologies, chemical bonding states, porous structure, and electrochemical behavior are examined. The optimized porous Zn electrode shows a root mean square of roughness of 173 nm and high surface area of $153{\mu}m^2$. As a result, ZIC using the optimized porous Zn electrode presents excellent electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance of $399F\;g^{-1}$ at current density of $0.5A\;g^{-1}$, high-rate performance ($79F\;g^{-1}$ at a current density of $10.0A\;g^{-1}$), and outstanding cycling stability (99 % after 1,500 cycles). The development of energy storage performance using synergistic effects of high roughness and high surface area is due to increased electroactive sites by surface functionalization of Zn electrode. Thus, our strategy will lead to a rational design and contribute to next-generation supercapacitors in the near future.

$TiO_2$기반 복합 나노선을 이용한 리튬이온 배터리의 전극 특성 연구

안건형,안효진,An, Geon-Hyoung,Ahn, Hyo-Jin 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2011 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.18 No.3

우리는 전기방사법을 이용하여 $TiO_2$-Ag 복합 나노선 전극을 성공적으로 합성 하였으며 그들의 전기화학적 특성 및 구조 사이의 관계를 주사전자현미경(FESEM), 투과전자현미경(TEM), X-선 회절(XRD), X-선 광전자 분광법(XPS) 및 cycler에 의하여 규명하였다. 특히 $TiO_2$-Ag 복합 나노선 전극의 전기화학 특성은 순수한 $TiO_2$ 나노선 전극 및 나노입자(P25, Degussa)와 비교하였을 때 우수한 전기화학적 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 $TiO_2$ 나노선 전극 안에 Ag nanophases의 도입은 리튬이온 배터리를 위한 나노선 전극의 수명 및 용량을 향상 시킬 수 있다. we successfully synthesized $TiO_2$-Ag composite nanowires via an electrospinning method and investigated the relationship between their electrochemical properties and structures by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cycler. It is shown that the $TiO_2$-Ag composite nanowires exhibit superior electrochemical properties when compared to the single $TiO_2$ nanowires and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles (P25, Degussa). Therefore, the results indicate that the introduction of Ag nanophases within the electrospun $TiO_2$ nanowires could be improved the capacitance and cycleability of electrodes in Li-ion batteries.

2011 프랑스 개정 민사소송법의 주요 내용과 시사점 – 국제중재법을 중심으로 –

안건형,유병욱 한국민사소송법학회 2011 민사소송 Vol.15 No.2

It has been passed thirty and thirty one years since domestic and international arbitration decrees in French Civil Procedure Code were passed, respectively. For decades, France has been considered the most arbitration-friendly jurisdiction throughout the world. On 13 January, 2011, France issued a new decree revising the provisions of the French Civil Procedure Code pertaining to arbitration (hereinafter the “Decree”) which entered into force on 1 May, 2011. This paper principally discuss the major revised contents, focusing on French International Arbitration Law in the Decree and the lessons which the Decree holds for the Arbitration Act of Korea. It was found that the purpose of the Decree was primarily designed to capture the well-established pro-arbitration case law the French courts have developed over decades and enshrine them in the Decree. Furthermore, the Decree also introduces significant innovative provisions which aim at attracting parties to international arbitration to French seats even if the there is no connection between the case and France. The Decree also minimizes intervention of the national courts and increases the freedom to tailor the arbitral proceedings to parties' wishes. In-depth examination of these classical and innovative position of the Decree will certainly serve as a source of inspiration for the revision of the Arbitration Act of Korea in the near future.

국제투자협약에서의 기업인권(BHR) 및 기업책임경영(RBC)에 관한 비교분석

안건형 한국무역보험학회 2021 무역금융보험연구 Vol.22 No.6

Purpose : The purposes of thesis are to help the Korean government to establish a BIT or FTA negotiation strategy following the Business & Human Rights (BHR) and Responsible Business Conduct (RBC) agenda and to assist Korean companies recognizing the importance of the BHR/RBC agenda. Research design, data, methodology : This paper examines the contents and major issues of RBC/BHR by analyzing a) Korea’s 95 Bilateral Investment Treaties (BIT) and 17 Free Trade Agreements (FTA) currently in force, b) 30 countries’ National Action Plan (NAP), and c) the Netherlands’ Model BIT (2019) and Morocco-Nigeria BIT (2016). The paper also provides suggestions to the Korean government and companies to keep up with the latest trends regarding RBC/BHR. Results : The Korean government does not provide well-established RBC/BHR clauses or rules in its BITs, FTAs, or NAP while other leading countries have enhanced the level of RBC/BHR standards. Conclusions : The result of this paper suggests that the Korean government should include trade & investment agreements and BHR/RBC issues in the Korea’s 4th NAP on UNGPs so that a higher level of RBC/BHR rules can be implemented in Korea’s future BITs and FTAs. This will help the Korean government to find the balance the appropriate level of investor protection while securing policy space for the government’s public interests. The paper also expects to assist Korean companies in preparing to make appropriate responses to future RBC/BHR issues, which include the reorganization of the global supply chain due to the US-China trade conflict. 이 연구는 한국의 旣 발효된 95개의 투자보장협정(IIA)과 17개의 FTA 협정 상의 BHR/RBC 관련 규정과 전 세계 30개국의 UNGP에 관한 국가실천계획(NAP)에서 RBC/BHR에 대한 내용을 분석·검토한 결과로서 2022년부터 시작되는 제4차 NAP에 무역 및 투자 협정과 BHR/RBC 문제를 연계하여 포함시키고 향후 IIA나 FTA 상에 높은 수준의 BHR/RBC 규칙 및 기준을 규정할 필요가 있다는 시사점을 도출하여 제시하고 있다. 이를 통해, 우리 정부의 공공이익을 위한 정책 공간 확보를 통해 투자자 보호수준과의 균형을 맞출 수 있는 효과를 기대할 수 있고, 나아가 향후 미-중 무역전쟁 격화에 따라 전개될 미증유의 글로벌 공급망 재편 과정에서 인권, 노동, 환경, 지속가능발전 관련 BHR/RBC 이슈들이 중요한 경쟁요소가 될 것이므로 우리 기업들이 사전에 충분히 효과적으로 대비할 수 있는 기회가 될 수 있을 것이라고 주장한다.

캄보디아와 미얀마 중재법규의 주요내용과 시사점

안건형 한국무역금융보험학회(구 한국무역보험학회) 2018 무역금융보험연구 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 중재산업에 대한 정부의 체계적 지원을 주된 내용으로 하는 「중재산업 진흥에 관한 법률」의 발효와 대한상사중재원의 3대 비전 및 7대 전략과제 발표 이후, 우리의 중재제도를 산업으로 육성하고 국가경쟁력을 강화하기 위한 방안으로서 우리 정부와 중재기관이 ASEAN 중재시장, 그 중에서도 캄보디아와 미얀마에 대해 관심을 가지고 중재시장 진출을 위한 전략들을 수립할 수 있도록 한국에 있어 ASEAN의 중요성에 대해 살펴보고, 또한 기초자료 조사로서 캄보디아와 미얀마의 중재법제의 주요내용을 검토하여 유의사항을 제시하고, 마지막으로 위의 논의들을 정리하면서 한국 정부와 중재기관에 주는 시사점을 도출하고 이에 대하여 제언하고 있다. The importance of trade and investment between Korea and ASEAN has been growing exponentially to achieve mutually beneficial economic development. In particular, ASEAN is Korea’s second largest trading partner and second largest investment region. ASEAN Member States are competitively catering to foreign investor’s preference for arbitration as a dispute resolution scheme to encourage foreign direct investment. Meanwhile, the Korean government enacted 「Arbitration Industry Promotion Act」 on 27 December 2016 which entered into force on 28 June 2017. The purpose of this Act is to promote arbitration as a means of resolution of domestic and international disputes by determining matters necessary for promoting the arbitration industry, and to contribute to developing the national economy by laying foundations for promoting the arbitration industry in Korea so as to be developed into a hub of arbitration. Under these circumstances, this paper ⅰ) examines the current status and major issues of a) importance of ASEAN arbitration market to Korea, b) 「2006 Commercial Arbitration Law」 and NCAC’s Arbitration Rules of Cambodia and c) 「2016 Arbitration Law」 of Myanmar, and ⅱ) draws implications for the Korean government and the KCAB against ASEAN Arbitration Market, in particular, Cambodia and Myanmar inter alia.

An Introductory Study on the Draft Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration

안건형,문희철 한국중재학회 2019 중재연구 Vol.29 No.3

An issue of human rights abuse in business emerged as a serious social problem recently not only in Korea, but also worldwide. However, the stipulations in ‘UNGPs’ and ‘OECD Guidelines’ do not provide a legally binding dispute settlement mechanism. Under these circumstances, it is very well timed that the Working Group on International Arbitration of Business and Human Rights recently published the Draft Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration, which will be launched in December 2019 as an effective and efficient alternative to mediation or court litigation. This paper examines the purpose, the structure, and the unique features of the Draft Hague Rules, among other provisions, including 1) Inequality of Arms between the Parties, 2) Appointing Authority, 3) Presiding Arbitrator’s Qualification, 4) Evidentiary Procedures, 5) Remedy, and 6) Governing Law.

국제중재절차의 디지털화를 위한 최근 동향과 시사점

안건형 한국무역보험학회 2018 무역금융보험연구 Vol.19 No.4

Recently, measures for digitalization of arbitral proceedings aimed at achieving speediness, efficiency, and economic feasibility in arbitral procedures have been actively discussed in a global context. This is considered as part of the efforts for each state and arbitration institution to host international arbitration cases by providing high-quality and reliable arbitration services which is an operational matter for an arbitration institute. Under these circumstances, this paper ⅰ) examines the main content and major issues of a) 「2015 Revised Arbitration Act」of the Netherlands which was amended for the purpose of creating an environment where arbitration can take place electronically, from the formation of the arbitration agreement up until the notification of the arbitral award, b) and the draft of “Seoul Protocol on Video Conferencing in International Arbitration which was published at the 7th Asia Pacific ADR Conference on 6 November 2018 in Seoul, Korea, and ⅱ) draws implications for the Korean government and the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board (KCAB). 최근 국제적으로 중재절차의 신속성, 효율성 및 경제성을 극대화하기 위한 방안으로 중재절차의 디지털화에 대한 논의가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 이는 중재기관 본연의 업무라고 할 수 있는 수준 높고 신뢰할 수 있는 중재 서비스를 제공함으로써 국제중재사건 유치를 제고하기 위한 각국 정부와 중재기관들의 노력의 일환으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중재합의 체결부터 중재판정문 송달까지의 중재절차가 전자적으로 진행될 수 있는 환경 조성을 목적으로 최근 개정된 「2015년 네덜란드 중재법」의 주요내용과 법적 쟁점에 대해 살펴보고, 2018년 11월 6일에 발표된 “국제중재에서 화상회의에 관한 서울 프로토콜” 초안의 주요내용에 대해 검토하며, 마지막으로 위의 논의들을 정리하면서 한국 정부와 중재기관에 주는 시사점을 도출하고 이에 대하여 제언하고 있다.