제언 - 직업환경의학의 한계

송재석,Song, Jae-Seok 대한산업보건협회 2018 산업보건 Vol.365 No.-

직업환경의학은 유해인자의 관리와 그로 인한 건강장해의 예방이 가장 중요하다. 그러나 더욱 중요하고, 선결되어야 하는 것은 문화적인 변화이다. 내가 일하는 곳에서 노동의 가치에 대한 변화를 가져오게 하는 것에 소홀했던 것은 아닌가 다시 한 번 돌아보아야 할 시점이다.

제언 - 산업보건의 지평을 넓히자

송재석,Song, Jae-Seok 대한산업보건협회 2012 산업보건 Vol.286 No.-

작업환경을 위한 TLV의 근거-2-METHOXYETHYL ACETATE

송재석,Song, Jae-Seok 대한산업보건협회 1997 산업보건 Vol.105 No.-

제조업 종사 근로자의 호흡기질환으로 인한 의료이용에 영향을 미치는 요인

송재석,강성규,정호근,안연순,Song, Jae-Seok,Kang, Seong-Kyu,Chung, Ho-Keun,Ahn, Yeon-Soon 대한예방의학회 2002 예방의학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Objectives : To identify the relationship between the use of medical services by workers with three types of respiratory diseases(total respiratory diseases, acute upper respiratory infections and chronic lower respiratory diseases) and exposure to hazardous agents after controlling for other factors affecting medical services use, such as characteristics of the enterprises(scale, industry type) and employee demographics (sex, age). Methods : The study population comprised 28,882 workers who had undergone general or special medical examinations at the industrial health center at least once between Jan 1995 and Dec 1997 and had possessed medical insurance during the period. We combined medical examination data with medical insurance data in order to analyze the relationship between exposure to hazardous agents and respiratory diseases, Results : Among the 28,882 study subjects, 17,454 employees(60.4%) used medical services more than once during 3-year study period, owing to more than one kind of respiratory diseases. In logistic regression analysis, sex, age and the size of the enterprises proved to be significant variables on the use of medical services for all three types of respiratory disease; The use of medical services increased with employee age. Women used more medical services than men and the employees in the large-scale enterprises used more services than employees in small-scale enterprises. However, exposure to dust or organic solvents did not affect medical service use due to total respiratory diseases or acute upper respiratory infections. Only in the case of chronic lower respiratory diseases did workers exposed to dusts(OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.01-1.24) or organic solvents(OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.05-1.35) use more medical services than those not exposed. Conclusions : Workers exposed to dusts or organic solvents are particularly apt to suffer from chronic lower respiratory diseases and use medical services more often than those not exposed. That is, chronic exposure to hazardous agents such as dusts and organic solvents is believed to be harmful and to cause respiratory symptoms and diseases.

의료보험 전산자료 주상병명으로 파악한 주물공장 근로자들의 폐암

송재석,강성규,정호근,안연순,Song, Jae-Seok,Kang, Seong-Kyu,Chung, Ho-Keun,Ahn, Yeon-Soon 대한예방의학회 2000 예방의학회지 Vol.33 No.3

인천지역에 위치한 한 개 특수건강진단기관에서 1995년 1월부터 1997년 12월까지 3년간 1회 이상 건강진단을 받은 근로자 61,569명의 건강진단 수진결과 전산자료를 받아 같은 지역에 위치한 4개 직장의료보험조합에 이들 근로자의 사업장 이름을 전달하고 이들 피보험근로자의 폐암으로 인한 병 의원이용 전산자료를 취득하였다. 4개 조합에 속하여 의료보험 청구자료를 구할 수 있었던 근로자는 44,958명이었는데 관찰기간을 동일하게 하기 위하여 연구기간 3년 동안 의료보험 취득기간이 2년 미만인 근로자와 자료이상으로 판단되는 근로자 14,4202명과 비제조업 종사 근로자 1,054명을 제외한 28,884명을 분석 대상으로 하였다. 2개의 출처가 다른 자료를 주민등록번호를 이용하여 연결하여 새로운 데이터베이스를 구성하고 이를 이용하여 주물업 종사 근로자와 비주물업 종사 근로자의 폐암이 주상병명인 경우에 차이가 있는가를 분석하였다. 연구결과 3년 동안 병 의원을 이용한 전산자료 중 주상병명이 폐암인 근로자는 주물업 종사 근로자 1,591명 중 7명, 비주물업 종사 근로자 27,293명 중 12명으로 두 집단간에 유의한 차이가 있었다(비차비 10.04, 95% 신뢰구간 3.95-25.55, p<.001). 본 연구가 부정확한 상병명으로 대표되고 있는 의료보험 전산자료를 이용한 관계로 이 결과에 근거하여 주물업 종사 근로자들이 비주물업 종사 근로자들에 비하여 폐암발생률이 높다라고 단정적으로 결론을 내릴 수는 없지만 주물업 종사 근로자들에서 폐암 발생이 증가할 가능성을 뒷받침하는 근거 중 하나가 될 수 있다고 판단된다. 따라서 향후 제대로 설계된 코호트연구를 통하여 주물업 종사 근로자들의 폐암발생 위험도를 구하고 위험요인을 분석하는 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다. Objectives : To investigate the difference in the occurrence of lung cancer between foundry workers and non-foundry workers by comparing the number of workers diagnosed with lung cancer through health insurance data. Methods : The study population was comprised of 28,884 workers who had undergone at least one general or special medical examination between January 1995 and December 1997 at the occupational health center. All of the subjects had health insurance during this period. We combined the medical examination data with the health insurance data to compare the number of foundry workers diagnosed with lung cancer and the number of non-foundry workers diagnosed with lung cancer. Results : Seven workers were diagnosed with lung cancer among the 1,591 foundry workers, compared to twelve workers among the 27,293 non-foundry workers (odds ratio: 10.04, 95% confidence interval: 3.95-25.55). The seven foundry workers diagnosed with lung cancer were all exposed to dust, and six out these seven workers were engaged in finishing or shake-out processes. Conclusions : Although the information for this study was obtained from health insurance data, which has limitations such as accuracy and completeness, the number of foundry workers diagnosed with lung cancer was significantly higher than that of non-foundry workers. Therefore, a well-designed cohort study should be followed to confirm the higher lung cancer rates in foundry workers.

자율 산업보건사업 실시를 위한 전제조건과 개선되어야 할 사항의 중요도에 관한 연구

송재석,원종욱,손명세,차봉석,노재훈,Song, Jae-Seok,Won, Jong-Uk,Son, Myong-Sei,Cha, Bong-Suk,Roh, Jae-Hoon 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.4

To perform voluntary occupational health program in worksites, regulational supports are necessary. The regulational supports include assessment of current occupational health program and appropriate incentives. The purpose of this study is to find out the requirements of voluntary occupational health program and conditions to be improved. Study population was industrial health managers of both industries with less than 300 workers and over 300 workers, and the member of labor union who is responsible for safety and health in worksite. Two different questionnaire were used to find out the requirements and conditions to be improved respectively, The results were; 1. The category which prevalence rate of occupational injuries and occupational disease should be lower than national average was most important in health managers employed in industries over 300 workers and followed by reporting system, education, worksite policy, work environment assessment, protective equipment, consequently. But those employed in industries less than 300 workers showed high importance in prevalence rate of occupational injuries and disease, reporting system, worksite policy, work environment assessment, protective equipment, education, consequently 2. The members of labor union thought that worksite policy was most important and the next is education, reporting system, work environment assessment, protective equipment, prevalence rate of occupational injuries and disease. 3. There were difference in importance of education and worksite policy according to the size of industries. Reporting system, prevalence rate of occupational injuries and disease, and worksite policy had different importance between members of labor union and health managers. 4. In the results of quiestionnaire for conditions to be improved, the most important condition was top manager's willingness except personal protective equipments, and followed by financial support, legal support. The limitations of this study were the problems of representativeness of study population. but voluntary health program should be performed in worksites which have relatively good occupational health system. So, this selection bias could not disrupt our results.

인천지역 일부 근로자들의 피부질환으로 인한 의료이용에 관한 연구

송재석,원종욱,노재훈,안연순,Song, Jae-Seok,Won, Jong-Uk,Roh, Jae-Hoon,Ahn, Yeon-Soon 대한예방의학회 1999 예방의학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Objectives: This study was carried out to identify relation of health care utilization due to skin disease(ICD-10, L00-L99) and characteristics(sex, age, exposure status, type of industry, size of enterprise) of workers. Methods: We made new database composed of 30,536 workers' health examination results in one specific health examination institute in Inchon and data of medical insurance utilization due to skin disease in 4 medical insurance associations for enterprise from January, 1995 to December, 1997 And we analyzed determinants of health care utilization due to skin disease of workers. Results: Among 30,536 study subjects, 8,837(28.9%) workers and 4,181 (13.7%) workers utilized medical insurance due to total skin disease(ICD-10, L00-L99) and contact dermatitis(ICD-10, L23-L25), respectively. Female workers(p<.001), workers exposed to organic solvents(p<.05), workers if manufacturing industries(p<.05, p<.01, respectively) and in large scale enterprises(p<.001) utilized more medical insurance due to total skin disease and contact dermatitis than male workers, workers not exposed to organic solvents, workers in non-manufacturing industries and small scale enterprises. With multiple logistic regression analysis, significant explanatory variables affecting workers' medical utilization due to total skin disease and dermatitis and eczema(ICD-10, L20-L30) in total workers were sex, age, specific chemicals and size of enterprises. And age, type of industries, organic solvents, specific chemicals and size of enterprises were significant explanatory variables related to medical insurance utilization due to dermatitis and eczema and contact dermatitis in male workers. Conclusion: From the above results, we found that workers exposed to organic solvents utilized more medical insurance due to skin disease than workers not exposed to. And, comparing to workers in large scale enterprises, workers in small scale enterprises may have unmet medical care utilization due to skin disease. Therefore we have to establish counterplan to manage occupational skin disease of high risk group(organic solvent exposure group) and to satisfy unmet medical care utilization of workers in small scale enterprises.

강원도 고랭지 농업인의 농약 노출 및 SF-12를 이용한 건강수준 측정

송재석(Jae-Seok Song),박웅섭(Woong-Sub Park),최홍순(Hong-Soon Choi),서종철(Jong-Chul Seo),곽연희(Youn-Hee Kwak),김상아(Sang-Ah Kim),김병섭(Byung-Sup Kim) 한국농약과학회 2005 농약과학회지 Vol.9 No.4

The development of agricultural technology makes the increasement of pesticide usage. The results of pesticide usage were the increment of agricultural outcomes, but the health hazard was increasing also. Especially, alpine agriculture needs more pesticide than general agriculture and they suffered from more pesticide induced health symptoms. There were no study about the pesticide usage and subjective health status. So, this study was performed to investigate the relationship between pesticide usage and health status. The health status was measured by SF-12. SF-12 was well known health status measurement tool. SF-12 have two components, which were mental component score and physical component score. As a results of analysis, the alpine agricultural workers had higher pesticide exposure index and acute symptom score. As the results of multivariate analysis, physical component score was affected by pesticide exposure, but mental component score was not. Although, this study has many limitations, the result of this study can suggest the need of political advise and the further study.

생물학적 모니터링을 이용한 분무기 형태에 따른 피레스로이드 농약 노출량 평가

송재석(Jae Seok Song),최홍순(Hong Soon Choi),유호영(Ho Young Yu),박병곤(Byung Gon Park),권대호(Daeho Kwon) 한국농약과학회 2016 농약과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

The aim of this study were to evaluate the exposure level of pyrethroid pesticide according to spraying machine type. The urinary metabolites of pyrethroid pesticide in apple farmers were analyzed to determine the exposure level of pyrethroid pesticide. The result shows that, the spraying volume was greater in SS sprayer group than in power sprayer group. But multi variate analysis which adjust spraying volume and field area, there were no difference of urinary metabolites between two sprayer machine. To make more accurate model of pesticide exposure, the factors influencing pesticide exposure should be determined and further study should be done.

liberation 코드 기법을 적용한 SSD 기반의 RAID-6 시스템 성능 비교

송재석(Jae-Seok Song),허준무(Joon-Moo Huh),이동환(Dong-Hwan Lee),박광희(Kwanghee Park),김덕환(Deok-Hwan Kim) 한국정보과학회 2009 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.36 No.2B

SSD는 하드디스크보다 충격에 강하고 빠른 읽기속도를 보이기 때문에 하드디스크를 대체할 차세대 저장장치로 각광 받고 있다. 그러나, 용량 증대를 위해 소자 안의 밀도가 증가함에 따라 잦은 간섭의 발생으로 데이터의 신뢰성이 감소될 수 있다. 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위하여 RAID와 불규칙한 결함 허용률을 높일 수 있는 Erasure 코드가 전통적인 하드디스크 기반 시스템에서 사용되고 있다. 하지만 SSD 기반 시스템에서 RAID 와 Erasure 코드들을 사용할 경우 잦은 갱신으로 인해 SSD의 수명이 저하되어 신뢰성을 감소시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 SSD 기반의 RAID 환경에서 SSD의 수명저하를 줄이고 신뢰성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 Erasure 코드를 제안한다. SSD 기반의 RAID-6에 Reed-Solomon 코드와 EVENODD 코드, 그리고 Liberation 코드를 적용하여 성능을 비교 및 분석 하였다. 실험을 통해 Liberation 코드가 다른 코드보다 비트 갱신 횟수가 4.1%~9.8% 적으며, 쓰기 성능이 최대 14% 높은 성능을 보였다.