체외순환을 위한 냉각과 재가온시 이산화탄소가스의 첨가에 따른 체온변화

백운이,김시오,손현호,도건호 대한마취과학회 1998 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.35 No.5

Background : It is well known that the addition of CO2 gas during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can increase cerebral blood flow (CBF). In this study, we tried to find whether the increase of CBF by CO2 gas could be expressed on the measurement of body temperatures. Methods : This study included 22 adult patients who underwent CPB with moderate hypothermia and were assigned randomly to two groups by adding CO2 gas (CO2 group and Air group). We measured each tympanic (TM), nasopharyngeal (NP), oral, forehead, finger, rectal and CPB arterial line temperatures of CPB circuit for 20 times during cooling in every one minute for 20 minutes and during rewarming every two minutes for 40 minutes. Results : During cooling and rewarming, the TM, NP and oral temperatures changed more rapidly than the rectal and finger temperatures. In TM temperature, as time changed, the percent changes of temperature varied more prominently in the CO2 gas group than in the Air group. The statistical differences were significant especially during 13 minutes to 20 minutes in cooling and 8 minutes to 20 minutes during rewarming. Conclusion : From this data, we can postulate the effect of CO2 gas on CBF indirectly by measuring several sites of body temperatures. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1998; 35: 958∼964)

효육적인 경피 흡수를 위한 Liposome형 혼합국소마취제 제조 및 마취 효과 연구

백운이,이원기,임정옥,김수정 한국생체재료학회 2002 생체재료학회지 Vol.6 No.4

In order to improve the transdermal delivery of local anesthetic for topical anesthesia, various concentrations of either lidocaine or tetracaine, and mixture combinations of lidocaine and tetracaine were formulated into liposomes using selected lipids. The topical anesthetic effects of those liposomal mixture of local anesthetics compared with EMLA and single local anesthetic were then evaluated by a pinprick test on healthy adult volunteers. The liposomal mixture of local anesthetics exhibited significantly improved anesthetic effect compared to EMLA and single local anesthetic liposome. The liposomal mixture of local anesthetics had a faster onset time of approximately thirty minutes and lasted for at least four hours demonstrating enhanced transdermal delivery of local anesthetic agents. The EMLA was comparatively ineffective; it took at least an hour to become effective and its duration was only two hours. The liposomal formulation of mixture of tetracaine and lidocaine appears to produce synergic effect compared to single local anesthetic liposomes. Accordingly mixture of local anesthetics exhibited improved topical anesthesia which can provide a faster effectiveness and longer analgesia.

日本 象徵天皇制의 支持基盤과 手段에 관한 硏究

白雲龍(백운용) 일본어문학회 2006 일본어문학 Vol.34 No.-

심포지움 2 : Pain Clinic에서의 Interventional Pain Management

백운이 대한내과학회 2000 대한내과학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.2000 No.-

백서 척수강내 이식한 부신수질 크로마핀 세포의 진통 효과

백운이,임정옥,김유미,문철원,전영훈,한창규 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Succinylcholine chloride 정주시 가토 혈청 K^(+)와 Na^(+)치의 변동

백운이 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1986 慶北醫大雜誌 Vol.27 No.4

15년간 임상마취 분석

백운이 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1985 慶北醫大誌 Vol.26 No.2

1970년 1월부터 1984년 12월까지 경북대학교 의과대학 부속병원 중앙수술실에서 시행된 마취 총수 37,903예를 통계적으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 연도별 마취총수는 1984년을 제외하고는 계속 증가되었다. 성별로는 남자가 23,838예 (63%)였고, 여자는 14,605예 (37%)였었다. 총마취예 37,903예중 전신마취가 72.8%, 그외가 27.2%의 비율을 나타냈다. 과별분포는 일반외과가 10,747예 (30.4%)로 가장 많았고 다음은 정형외과로 7,237예 (20.5%)이다. 총마취예의 35.5%가 응급수술이었다. 연령별분포는 21∼30세군과 31∼40세군이 39.5%로 가장 많았다. To evaluate historical trend, if any, anesthetic expierences of 37,903 in total performed at the Kyungpook National University Hospital from Jan. 1970 to Dec. 1984 were analyzed statistically according to age, sex, anesthetic method, surgical sections. The results are as follows: The cases of anesthesia tended to increases year by year except 1984. The patients in general surgery were most common and that in orthopedic surgery follow next in order. Sexual distribution was 23,838 cases of male (63%) and 14,605 cases of female (37%). General anesthesia was given to 72.8% of total case, and others are 27.2% of total case. 2nd to 3rd decade of life were 37.5% of total patient. Emergency operation were 35.5% of total case.

Succinylcholine chloride 정주시 가토 혈청 K^+와 Na ^+치의 변동

백운이 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1986 慶北醫大誌 Vol.27 No.4

정상 가토에서 halothane군과 enflurane군에서 Sch을 정주하여(5㎎/㎏) 5분, 10분에 혈청 K^+치와 혈청 Na^+치를 측정하고, 첫번째 Sch투여후 20분에 Sch (5㎎/㎏)을 다시 투여후 5분만에 혈청 K^+치와 Na^+치를 측정해서 Sch투여전의 혈청 K^+치와 Na^+치와 비교관찰하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 혈청 K^+치의 변화는 halothane군에서는 5분, 25분에 의의있게 증가했으며(p<0.01), enflurane군에서도 5분, 10분, 25분에 모두 의의있게 증가했다(p<0.01). Halothane군과 enflurane군에서의 약제에 따른 혈청 K^+ 증가치는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈청 Na^+치의 변화는 두군데서 모두 유의한 변동이 없었다. Succinylcholine (5㎎/㎏) were given to rabbits under general anesthesia by O_2-N_2O-Halothane or O_2-N_2O-Enflurane through tracheotomy tube to assess serum K^+, Na^+ changes in each group. The followings are the results we obtained. Serum K^+ significantly increases after 5 minutes, 25 minutes (p<0.01)following administration of succinylcholine but increasing after 10 minutes is not significant in halothane anesthesia. Serum K^+ significantly increases in 5, 10, 25 minutes (p<0.01) following administration of succinylcholine in enflurane anesthesia. There are no significant changes in serum Na^+ following administration of succinylcholine in both group. There are no differences between halothane and enflurane anesthesia in serum K^+ and Na^+ changes following administration of succinylcholine.

제왕절개술중 정맥마취약제의 투여가 뇌파스펙트럼 분석에 미치는 영향

백운이,김시오,문철원 대한마취과학회 1996 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.31 No.3

Background: Anesthesia induces the spectral changes in EEG. Attempts to relate these spectral changes to adequacy of anesthesia have been hindered due to the complex waveforms of EEG. The objective of this investigation is to monitor the awareness of patients during cesarean section by means of EEG spectral analysis. Methods: 20 patients for cesarean section aged from 24 to 39 and ASA class I or II, were maintained with O₂(50%)-N₂O(50%)-enflurane(0.8%). And they were administered with midazolam(0.07 mg/kg) in group I(n=6), fentanyl(l ㎍/kg) in group II(n=7), and fentanyl(2 ㎍/kg) in group III(n=7) after birth. The density of each spectral band in EEG (delta 1-3.25 Hz, theta 3.5-7.75 Hz, alpha 8-12.15 Hz and beta 13-31.75Hz) was analyzed to derive total density, delta ratio and median power frequency. Results: The spectral data demonstrated that the alpha rhythm was dominant in pre-induction period and beta rhythm was abundant both in the immediate post-induction period and after birth for all three groupslta ratio and median power frequency decreased after injection of midazolam and fentanyl in all three groups. None of patients could reeall the memory about experience during cesarean section. Conclusions: These findings indicate that EEG spectral analysis is potentially useful to determine the changes of cerebroelectrical activity but difficult to monitor the awareness of patients during cesarean section.

작용시간 연장을 위해 고안된 이식형 혼합국소마취제의 효과

백운이,최병영,전영훈,임정옥 경북대학교 의학연구소 2000 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.1

Prolonged Regional Nerve Blockade from Implantable pellets Containing Mixture of Local Anesthetics and Biodegradable Polymer Background: The Currently available local anesthetics have limitations in action duration. The duration ranges from 3 to 8 hours. Long acting anesthetic agents are particularly desirable to manage postoperative pain, relieve severe pain associated with terminal cancer, and for nerve blocks carried out in pain clinics. In this paper mixture of local anesthetics was formulated into cylindrical pellet using biodegradable polymer and its efficacy and safety was evaluated. Methods: Pellets were prepared by modified melting process with biodegradable polyester 30 wt%, bupivacaine 35 wt%, lidocaine 35 wt% and dexamethasone 0.05 wt% of polymer and drug. In vitro release kinetics of local anesthetics from pellet were determined in PBS at pH 7.4. 37℃, and the released local anesthetics were analyzed by HPLC. Nine male Sprague Dawley weighing 300∼350 gm were implanted with pellets along the sciatic nerve and the sensory blockade was assessed by an analgesiometer. The duration data were analyzed by paired t-test using SAS 6.11 Results: Local anesthetics were released in a controlled manner in vitro. In general, 40~50% of the drug released for the first day, and thereafter approximately 5% released daily. Sensory blockade lasted to beyond 2 days at the dose of 7 mg/100 g bupivacaine and lidocaine respectively. All of the animals exhibited no systemic toxicity and complete recovery. Conclusions: The results indicated that the mixture pellet demonstrated efficient and safe in prolongation of sensory blockade for significant period of time. The mechanisms underlying the mixture effect are under investigation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1998; 34; 493∼478)