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백승욱 한국스페인어문학회 2011 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.60
El canon literario no es simplemente una noció́n de teorí́a literaria o de literatura comparada, sino tambié́n un concepto vinculado í́ntimamente a la cuestió́n del origen histó́rico o de la identidad cultural de una sociedad. Nuestro enfoque se centra especialmente en la formació́n del canon literario medieval castellano: en concreto, nos interesa determinar qué́ composiciones literarias pueden ser consideradas como componentes cruciales de su lista, así́ como cuá́ndo empezó́ a determinarse y de quié́n partió́ el concepto del canon medieval. En la prá́ctica, se puede afirmar que la primera obra representativa del canon literario del medievo castellano que se enseña hoy en nuestras universidades es el famoso Prohemio e carta(1445) del Marqué́s de Santillana. La idea histórico-literaria de Santillana corresponde má́s o menos a la de Juan del Encina reflejada en el Arte de poesí́a castellana. No obstante, podemos descubrir la concepció́n moderna del canon medieval a partir del siglo XVIII, sobre todo en algunas composiciones ensayí́sticas como las Memorias para la historia de la poesí́a y poetas españoles(1775), de fray Martí́n Sarmiento, la Colecció́n de poesí́as castellanas anteriores al siglo XV(1779-1790), de Tomá́s Antonio Sá́nchez, etc. Consideramos que, si no se hubieran publicado estas composiciones dieciochescas, numerosas poesí́as lí́ricas y narrativas medievales como el Cantar del Cid, la Vida de Santo Domingo de Silos, el Libro de Alexandre, el Libro de buen amor, el Rimado de palacio, etc., se habrí́an olvidado.
설화와 역사적 현실 : 파드리케 왕자의 예화집"센데바르"(1253)의 다의적 서사체에 대한 소고
백승욱 부산외국어대학교 지중해지역원 2021 지중해지역연구 Vol.23 No.2
The main goal of this research is to assess the moral and political perspective of Prince Fadrique(1223-1277) in Sendebar. In this text, we find numerous topics that allude to the Castilian royal court of the time, such as the entrapped prince, the inefficiency of royal power, the importance of wise advice, the danger of conspiracy, and so on. When Fadrique returned to Castile in 1245 after a five-year stay in Frederick II’s Imperial Court in Foggia, he may well have felt deep disgrace as he subsisted under the unilateral rule of his elder brother Alfonso X. Alfonso claimed possession of the duchy of Swabia in 1246 in disregard of his younger brother’s dedicated efforts in Italy to further the Hohenstaufen legacy. Moreover, when Fadrique was involved in the rebellion of his brother Henry in 1255 and, as a consequence, was exiled from Castile in 1260, Alfonso confiscated his extensive property in Seville. I believe that Fadrique marshaled fury and ridicule against Alfonso in Sendebar through the combination of the misogynistic preface and the twenty-three comic and sarcastic exempla. What was the ultimate literary function of the juxtaposition of these two tones, the serious and the humorous? Fadrique very probably devised this extreme contrast of perspectives in order to experiment with a new persuasive narrative style, and to induce Castilian readers to identify with his antipathy towards Alfonso. In this sense, Sendebar is not a literal translation of Arabic fables, but Fadrique’s personal adaptation, which was devised in order to reveal his intense feeling and to provide an emotional catharsis. Furthermore, the contrast between the solemn moral lessons and the witty humor of the collection is at the core of Fadrique’s original narrative technique, and forms the basis of this politically insightful and evocative collection. [Key words: Medieval collection of exempla, Sendebar, Prince Fadrique, folktales and historical reality, multi-layed narrative, misogyny]
백승욱 한국사회과학연구회 2006 동향과 전망 Vol.- No.68
20세기 서비스 산업의 성장은 미국 헤게모니 하의 세계 자본주의의 변화와 맞물려 있었다고 할 수 있다. 20세기 미국 자본주의는 법인자본주의라는 조직구도를 갖춘 1차 경영혁명과 더불어 등장하였다. 이는 경영위계제를 갖춘 법인기업, 대량 유통 체제의 형성, 노동의 포섭과 정부 개입을 수반하였고, 이런 특징들이 서비스 부문의 팽창을 낳았다. 2차대전 이후 후발 국가들 또한 미국의 모델을 모방하여 1950년대부터 서비스 부문은 전 지구적으로 팽창하였다. 서비스 산업의 팽창이 전 지구적으로 다시 재개된 것은 1970년대 이후 자본주의의 위기와 경쟁 격화에 대한 대응이었다. 미국 헤게모니의 위기에 대한 대응으로 촉발된 금융세계화는 제2차 경영 혁명을 통해 서비스 부문을 내부로부터 재편하고, 생산자 서비스를 중심으로 서비스 산업을 새롭게 팽창시켰다. 인원삭감, 구조조정, 리엔지니어링은 서비스 노동과정에 대한 내적 통제를 가능하게 하고 중간 관리층을 대폭 감소시키는 2차 경영혁명을 주도하였다. 서비스 산업에 대한 대대적 재편은 노동력의 구조에도 변화를 초래하여, 하위 서비스 부문의 고용의 불안전성은 일상화된 심각한 문제로 등장하고 있다. The growth of service industries in the 20th century has been closely related with the transformation of world capitalism under the American world hegemony. US capitalism emerged with the first management revolution that helped to consolidate organizational structure of corporate capitalism. US corporate capitalism was accompanied by corporations with management hierarchy, mass distribution system, subsumption of labor by the state, and increasing economic intervention of government, which in turn promote expansion of service sectors. As late-commers after the World War II also copied the US model, service sectors began to expand worldwidely. It was the responses to the crisis of world capitalism and the intensification of world competitions in the 1970s that made the second worldwide expansion of service industries. Financial globalization that responded to declining American world hegemony facilitates to restructure service industries internally and to expand service industries worldwidley again centering around producer services with the help of second management revolution. The second management revolution has been led by downsizing, restructuring, and reengineering that made it possible to control service labor process internally and reduce middle level managers massively. Reorganization of service industries has given rise to the changes of composition in labor forces, and to increase the insecurity of service employment.