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The Role of IL-17 in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Rhinitis Model
배준상,김지혜,김은희,모지훈 대한천식알레르기학회 2017 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.9 No.2
Purpose: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria and important for pro-inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to establish a rhinitis model using ovalbumin (OVA) and LPS in order to evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-17 in the pathogenesis of an LPSinduced non-eosionophilic rhinitis model. Methods: Mice were divided into 4 groups and each group consisted of 10 mice (negative control group, allergic rhinitis model group, 1-μg LPS treatment group, and 10-μg LPS treatment group). BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA and 1 or 10 μg of LPS, and challenged intranasally with OVA. Multiple parameters of rhinitis were also evaluated to establish the LPS-induced rhinitis model. IL-17 knockout mice were used to check if the LPS-induced rhinitis model were dependent on IL-17. Eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration, and mRNA and protein expression profiles of cytokine in nasal mucosa or spleen cell culture were evaluated using molecular, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistological methods. Results: In the LPS-induced rhinitis model, neutrophil infiltration increased in the nasal mucosa, and systemic and nasal IL-17 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels also increased as compared with the OVA-induced allergic rhinitis model. These findings were LPSdose- dependent. In IL-17 knockout mice, those phenotypes (neutrophil infiltration, IL-17, and IFN-γ) were reversed, showing IL-17 dependency of LPS-induced rhinitis. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an important mediator for inflammation and angiogenesis, decreased in IL-17 knockout mice, showing the relationship between IL-17 and VEGF. Conclusions: This study established an LPS-induced rhinitis model dependent on IL-17, characterized by neutrophil infiltration and increased expression of IL-17.
裵俊相 漢陽大學校 行政問題硏究所 1984 行政問題論集 Vol.5 No.-
Die sog. Notstandsverfassung verdankt ihre Entstehung der Tatsache, daB das GG nach uberzeugung der CDU/CSU und von einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt an auch der SPD keine ausreichenden Verkehrungen getroffen hatte, um echten poiltischen Katastrophen wie einem Angriffskrieg von auBen, Aufstanden im Staatsinnern, aber auch nur groBen Naturkatastrophen in verfassungsrechtlich unbedenklicher Weise Herr werden zu konnen. In der Tat hatte der Parlamentarische Rat aus naheliegenden Grunden auf die Ubernahme einer Notstandsvorschrift von der Art des Art. 48 Weimver. verzichtet, sich gleichzeitig aber auch nicht der schwierigen Aufgabe der Formulierung eines differenzierten und damit gegenuber MiBbrauchen weniger anfalligen Notstandsrechtes unterzogen. Das GG enthielt damit, jedenfalls nach Auffassung weiter Kreise und insbesondere der Parteien der GorBen Koalition, eine empfindliche Luck, die durch die Novelle vom 24.6. 1968 nach jahrelangen Diskussionen und unter krisenartigen Begleiterscheinungen geschlossen wurde.
Mouse Model of IL-17-Dominant Rhinitis Using Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid
배준상,김은희,김지혜,모지훈 대한천식알레르기학회 2017 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.9 No.6
Interleukin (IL)-17 plays an important role in rhinitis and the level thereof correlates with the severity of disease. However, no mouse model for IL-17-dominant rhinitis has yet been developed. Our objective was to establish a mouse model of IL-17-dominant rhinitis via intranasal application of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (abbreviated as Poly(I:C)). Mice were divided into 6 groups (n=8 for each group); 1) 1 negative control group, 2) 1 positive control group (OVA/alum model), 3) 2 Poly(I:C) groups (10 or 100 μg), and 4) 2 OVA/Poly(I:C) groups (10 or 100 μg). The positive control group was treated with the conventional OVA/alum protocol. In the Poly(I:C) and OVA/Poly(I:C) groups, phosphate-buffered saline or an OVA solution plus Poly(I:C) were administered. The OVA/Poly(I:C) groups exhibited significantly greater neutrophil infiltration and increased IL-17/interferon γ expression compared with the other groups. However, the levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), OVA-specific IgE, eosinophil infiltration, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly lower in the OVA/Poly(I:C) groups than in mice subjected to conventional Th2-dominant OVA/alum treatment (the positive control group). IL-17 and neutrophil measurement, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy revealed increased numbers of IL-17-secreting cells in the nasal mucosa of the OVA/Poly(I:C) groups, which included natural killer cells, CD4 T cells, and neutrophils. In conclusion, we developed a mouse model of IL-17-dominant rhinitis using OVA together with Poly(I:C). This model will be useful in research on neutrophil- or IL-17-dominant rhinitis.