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Jee Soo Park(박지수),Won Sik Jang(장원식),Sung Joon Hong(홍성준),Young Deuk Choi(최영득),Koon Ho Rha(나군호),Won Sik Ham(함원식) 대한비뇨기종양학회 2020 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.18 No.1
Purpose: To report an association between prostate cancer and vitamin D levels among different races in a single population in the United States. Materials and Methods: We investigated whether there was an association between vitamin D level and prostate cancer in different races in the United States. We used data collected from 1,363 men during the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2008. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent associations between vitamin D levels (not only 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], but also 25(OH)D2 and D3) and prostate cancer. Association between vitamin D levels and prostate specific antigen level was also analyzed in non-Hispanic white males without prostate cancer. Results: Older age was significantly associated with prostate cancer in all races (p<0.05), whereas vitamin D (p=0.024), especially 25(OH)D2 (p=0.027) was significantly higher only in non-Hispanic white males. There was no difference in vitamin D levels between non-Hispanic white males with a prostate specific antigen concentration >3 ng/mL and ≤3 ng/mL. Conclusions: This study revealed a positive association between vitamin D, especially 25(OH)D2, and prostate cancer only in non-Hispanic white males. And vitamin D was not associated with prostate specific antigen level causing detection bias.
중국 창의도시 사례분석을 통한 도시 개발 평가 연구 : 유네스코 창의도시로 선정된 선전, 상하이, 칭다오를 중심으로
박지수(Park Jee Soo) 한국디지털디자인학회 2012 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.12 No.1
1979년 개혁개방(改革開放)을 계기로 중국의 도시는 개발되기 시작하였다. 하지만, 체계적인 계획이 뒷받침되지 못했기 때문에 도시 발전과 더불어 많은 문제들이 일어났다. 그리하여, 2000년대부터 도시개발은 체계적이고 통합적인 도시 디자인을 기반으로 이루어져야 한다는 의견이 등장하였다. 도시 전체에 대한 폭넓은 디자인이 필요하게 된 것이다. 현재 중국의 여러 도시들은 실질적인 문제를 해결하면서 동시에 도시의 고유문화를 보존할 수 있고, 삶의 질을 높을 수 있는 도시를 만들기 위해 애 쓰고 있다. 유네스코 창의도시로 지정된 선전, 상하이, 칭다오가 대표적인 도시라 할 수 있다. 하지만, 이런 중국의 적극적은 도시 개발에도 불구하고, 아직까지 다른 나라에 비해 상대적으로 중국의 도시 개발 및 창의도시에 대한 연구 및 창의도시가 지닌 특징 및 문제점을 비롯한 중국 도시 평가에 대한 연구는 접하기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 중국의 도시 개발 현황, 특히 유네스코 창의도시로 선정된 3개 도시의 분석하였다. 그리고, 창의도시에 대한 이론과 유네스코 창의도시 선정 기준을 바탕으로 3개 창의도시 개발의 특성을 긍정적인 측면과 부정적인 측면으로 구분하여 중국의 도시 개발현황을 평가해 보았다. 중국의 창의도시는 (1) 문화적, 지형적 특성을 바탕으로 개발되고 있다는 점, (2) 보존형 개발을 추구한다는 점, (3) 친환경 생태도시 개발을 지향한다는 점, (4) 경쟁과 협력을 통해 도시 간 상생을 도모한다는 점, (5) 주변 중소도시들과 소통한다는 측면에서 긍정적인 평가를 할 수 있었다. 하지만, (1)외국에 대한 의존도가 높아져 상대적으로 중국 고유의 문화가 사라지고 있다는 점, (2) 창의도시 개발의 후발주자라는 점, (3) 도시 개발 계획을 지속적으로 진행하기 어렵다는 문제점도 발견할 수 있었다. 이는 창의도시에 대한 이론적 고찰을 통해 발견할 수 있었던 창의도시가 지닌 긍정적인 특성과 부정적인 특성과 거의 일치하고 있다. 중국 창의도시 개발이 지닌 특성은 중국을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 뿐 아니라, 우리의 도시를 개발하는데 있어 점검할 사항들이 무엇인지 알려주는 유용한 정보가 될 것이다. Since 1979, 'China's reform and opening up' started, the Chinese economy has developed rapidly. With this economic development, the government has promoted 'Urbanization' policy. 'Urbanization' However, at this time, was not systematic therefore, caused a variety of social problems. This mood has been changed from year 2000. Chinese people have realized that "urbanization" must be progressed well-organized development plan. And, the "urbanization" has to include design with a wide range of things for an entire city. Chinese cites are struggling to make their cities better. They are seeking to find a solution not only to solve social and environmental problems but also to improve the quality of life for people and to preserve city's own unique culture. The result of their effort can be found in three cities ;Shenzhen, Shanghai and Qīngdao, selected as UNESCO creative cites. The case study of these cities will be helpful to understand how chinese cities are developed, what based on cities are advanced, and features of urban development and design both positive and negative. These all features of chinese cities will be useful information to know what we should check before moving forward to develop and design the arrangement, appearance and functionality of cities.
박지수(Jee Soo Park),성영모(Young Mo Sung),이정열(Joung Youl Lee),정성로(Sung Ro Chung),차경준(Kyung Joon Cha),박영선(Young Sun Park),박문일(Moon Il Park) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.7
Objective : We aim to analyze each variable affecting FHR to build objective decision basis using canonical correlation analysis Methods : The sixty four hundred and fifty five cases of NST from 1988 to 1997 at Hanyang University hospital were collected. We used FHR interpretation softwares, HYFM-I & II those were already developed by author, for extraction of each variable of FHR. We classified the variables into 2 groups, F.A.M(FHR, Amplitude, Mean minute range) and N.S.F(NST weeks, Signal loss, Fetal movement) groups. The Canonical correlation was compared between each variable and group.Results : The canonical correlation between F.A.M & N.S.F are as follows; r=0.40 (p=0.001) in preterm, r=0.34 (p=0.001) in term, and r=0.41 (p=0.004) in postterm. The high linear dependency is shown as r=0.79 (p=0.013) before 23 weeks, the irregular changes shown from 23 weeks to 30 weeks (r=0.47 in 23-24 weeks, r=0.29 in 25-26 weeks, r=0.56 in 27-28 weeks, r=0.24 in 29-30 weeks) and the stable relative changes shown (about r=0.3-0.4) after 30 weeks (r=0.32 in 31-32 weeks, r=0.33 in 33-34 weeks, r=0.37 in 35-36, r=0.33 in 37-38 weeks, r=0.37 in 39-40 weeks, r=0.35 after 41 weeks) (p<0.02). In the linear correlation of FHR, two indicies of FHR variables, AMP and MMR pertaining to N.S.F., FHR(r) is 0.06, AMP and MMR seem to be identical as r=0.30 and then the canonization in term and postterm〔FHR(r)=-0.27, AMR(r)=0.23, and MMR(r)=0.35〕lies in the regular pattern. Moreover, there is rather a linear correlation between F.A.M and the gestational weeks in preterm and it is changed into linearity similar to zero in term and postterm pregnancies〔term(r)=0.01, postterm(r)=0.06〕Conclusions : This study shows the linearity of FHR and the variable which are based on the gestational weeks organically, comprehensibly, and quantitatively. It would be utilized as the fundamental standard of the linearity. The changes from the irregular linear correlation to the regular pattern according to advancing gestational weeks means the changes from the immature and transitional level to the mature level. The closer investigation of the linear and the non-linear changes in normal or abnormal pregnancies, and the unified correlation studies remain for further research.