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서울지역의 PM<sub>2.5</sub> 중 OC와 EC의 특성 및 계절적 변화에 관한 연구
박종성,송인호,박승명,신혜정,홍유덕,Park, Jong Sung,Song, In Ho,Park, Seung Myung,Shin, Hyejung,Hong, Youdeog 한국환경영향평가학회 2015 환경영향평가 Vol.24 No.6
본 연구는 수도권 지역 OC와 EC의 지역적, 계절적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 서울 은평구 불광동에 위치한 수도권 대기오염집중측정소에서 2014년 1월부터 12월까지 1년간 Semi-Continuous OC/EC Analyzer (Sunset Laboratory INC., USA)를 사용하여 $PM_{2.5}$ 중 OC와 EC를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 수도권 지역의 OC와 EC의 연평균 농도(${\mu}g/m^3$)는 각각 $4.1{\pm}2.7$, $1.6{\pm}1.0$으로 나타났다. 계절별로 살펴보면 봄: $4.0{\pm}2.2$, $1.8{\pm}0.8$; 여름: $3.6{\pm}2.7$, $1.4{\pm}0.9$; 가을: $3.6{\pm}2.4$, $1.3{\pm}0.9$; 겨울: $5.2{\pm}3.3$, $2.0{\pm}1.3$으로 나타나 겨울 > 봄 > 여름 > 가을 순으로 높은 농도를 나타냈으며, OC/EC 비는 2.4 ~ 3.4 수준으로 여름이 가장 높고 봄이 가장 낮은 수준을 보였다. 시간별 OC, EC 농도 변화를 살펴보면, 출 퇴근시간인 아침과 저녁에 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, OC/EC 비 역시 출 퇴근시간대의 교통량 증가로 인한 EC농도 증가로 인해 급격히 낮아지는 현상을 보여 수도권 지역의 탄소성 입자 농도에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것은 자동차와 같은 교통수단인 것으로 판단된다. 이번 연구를 통해 수도권 지역 탄소성분의 배출특성 및 계절별 특징, 농도 수준을 파악하고, 대기질 개선 정책의 효과적인 수립을 위한 과학적인 기초자료의 제공이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. To investigate characteristics and seasonal variations of carbonaceous species for $PM_{2.5}$ in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea, we measured organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) from January 2014 to December 2014 using a semi-continuous OC/EC Analyzer (Model-4, Sunset Lab.). Mean concentrations of OC and EC were estimated $4.1{\pm}2.7{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.6{\pm}1.0{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The annual averaged OC/EC ratio was $2.9{\pm}2.7$. Concentrations of OC and EC comprised 13% and 5% of $PM_{2.5}$ and the mass fraction of both was the highest in fall. OC and EC showed similar trend in seasonal variations. Concentrations of those showed a clear seasonal variation with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The correlations between the two were the best during the winter ($r^2=0.88$). As results of carbonaceous species analysis, the dominant factor in view of fine particle ($PM_{2.5}$) is primary emission source such as mobile, fossil fuel combustion during commute time(08:00~10:00 or 17:00~21:00) and winter season. Continuous monitoring of atmospheric carbonaceous species is essential to provide the science-based data to policy-maker establishing the air quality improvement policy.
AMS를 이용한 초미세입자의 서울지역 2014년 봄철 고농도 사례 특성 연구
박종성 ( Jong Sung Park ),송인호 ( In Ho Song ),박승명 ( Seung Myung Park ),신혜정 ( Hye Jung Shin ),홍유덕 ( You Deog Hong ) 한국환경분석학회 2015 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.18 No.1
This study is aimed to qualitatively estimate the source of high PM episodes in Seoul metropolitan area. The inorganic and organic composition of non-refractory PM1.0 was measured by high resolution time of flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) during high PM episodes (Feb. ``14~Mar. ``14). The ionized mass spectrum data of organic matter was then analyzed by PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) in order to identify the account of local emission and long range transport in high PM episodes and to provide scientific data for improvement of national air quality forecasting. As a result, six components of the organics were resolved including organic aerosols emitted from various primary combustion sources such as hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), and cooking-related organic aerosol (COA) as well as three types of oxidized organic aerosols (OOAs), and nitrogen-rich organic aerosol (NOA). Real-time component analysis of fine particle (PM1.0) using AMS can identify the characteristics and cause of various air pollution cases and effectively measure the trend of air quality, making it a crucial component in national air quality forecasting. Through component analysis of high PM episodes, the effect of local emission and long range transport has been identified. Further, We believe this would provide important information required for validation and improvement of chemical model in national air quality forecasting.
SMPS-APS를 이용한 PM 10 및 PM 2.5 질량농도 모니터링 가능성 평가
박종성 ( Jong Sung Park ),문광주 ( Kwang Joo Mon ),박승명 ( Seung Myung Park ),송인호 ( In Ho Song ),김현재 ( Hyun Jae Kim ),홍유덕 ( Yu Duck Hong ),한진석 ( Jin Seok Han ) 한국환경분석학회 2014 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.17 No.3
The tandem monitoring system composed of Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and Aerodynamic ParticleSizer (SMPS-APS) was simultaneously operated with other PM mass monitoring devices using β-ray absorption method such as BAM 1020 at Seoul intensive monitoring site during over 3 months, 2010. The monitoring results of SMPS-APS combination and β-ray absorption method show high correlation when the relative humidity was between 40 % and 60 %. On the other hands, the correlation between two monitoring methods was obviously low in high humidity due to the hygroscopic growth of particles. In addition, several Asian dust AD) and high PM episodes observed during the monitoring period seemed to make a difference to the monitoring results. The SMPS-APS system underestimated the PM 10 mass concentration during AD periods because the counting efficiency of APS decreases for the large particles (> 5 μm), whereas the overestimating the PM 2.5 mass for high PM episodes due to hygroscopic growth of fine aerosol and recounting the small particles in the boundary size range of SMPS and APS was observed.
대기 중 수용성 입자상 이온성분 실시간 분석기 성능 비교 평가
신혜정 ( Hye Jung Shin ),박승명 ( Seung Myung Park ),박종성 ( Jong Sung Park ),송인호 ( In Ho Song ),홍유덕 ( You Deog Hong ),한진석 ( Jin Seok Han ) 한국환경분석학회 2014 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.17 No.2
This study was conducted to compare and assess two different types of real time atmospheric water solubleion analyzers (MARGA and AIM) using ion concentration data measured in 2014 at an intensive monitoring site in Seoul, Korea. The two analyzers yielded very similar trends in time series of ions and the absolute concentrations of major components such as sulfate, nitrate and ammonium, whereas they showed difference in the absolute concentrations of minor components such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. The correlation coefficients of major ions (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium) measured by both analyzers were higher(0.97~0.98) than those of minor ions (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium) (0.18~0.55). The ratios of total ion concentrations to PM 2.5 mass concentrations given by AIM and MARGA were 0.60 and 0.64, respectively. Furthermore, the ion-to-mass ratios measured by these instruments were compared for five PM 2.5 mass concentration ranges (< 10 /m3, 10~25 /m3, 25~50 /m3, 50~100 /m3and >=100 /m3). It was found that the correlation coefficients of both analyzers increased along with higher PM 2.5 concentrations, which implies that there liability of their measurements is higher in relatively high PM 2.5 ranges. The findings of this study are meaningful in interpreting data, and may be useful for improving the reliability of ion concentration measurements with the characteristics of each instrument taken into account.
서울지역의 PM2.5 중 OC와 EC의 특성 및 계절적 변화에 관한 연구
박종성 ( Jong Sung Park ),송인호 ( In Ho Song ),박승명 ( Seung Myung Park ),신혜정 ( Hyejung Shin ),홍유덕 ( Youdeog Hong ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2015 환경영향평가 Vol.24 No.6
To investigate characteristics and seasonal variations of carbonaceous species for PM2.5 in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea, we measured organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) from January 2014 to December 2014 using a semi-continuous OC/EC Analyzer (Model-4, Sunset Lab.). Mean concentrations of OC and EC were estimated 4.1 ± 2.7 μg/㎥ and 1.6 ± 1.0 μg/㎥, respectively. The annual averaged OC/EC ratio was 2.9 ± 2.7. Concentrations of OC and EC comprised 13% and 5% of PM2.5 and the mass fraction of both was the highest in fall. OC and EC showed similar trend in seasonal variations. Concentrations of those showed a clear seasonal variation with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The correlations between the two were the best during the winter (r2 = 0.88). As results of carbonaceous species analysis, the dominant factor in view of fine particle (PM2.5) is primary emission source such as mobile, fossil fuel combustion during commute time(08:00~10:00 or 17:00~21:00) and winter season. Continuous monitoring of atmospheric carbonaceous species is essential to provide the science-based data to policy-maker establishing the air quality improvement policy.