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박성철(Sung Cheul PARK) 한국무역상무학회 2017 貿易商務硏究 Vol.75 No.-
Making a international contract of sale is not a simple work. International Trade parties(seller and buyer) may choose trade terms such as FOB or CIF to simplify their contracts and avoidmisunderstanding of international commercial practice. Incoterms is the international rules for the interpretation of the trade terms, and firstly regulated by the ICC in 1936. The latest version is Incoterms 2010. Incoterms 2010 governs certain responsibilities between the seller and the buyer under the international contract of sale. Moreover, Incoterms 2010 provides the standard of division of costs relating to contract of carriage. But we should note that Incoterms 2010 is not the part of contract of carriage. The writer points out that there is no consistence principle in distributing the special costs under the contract of carriage like unloading cost from the transport vehicle. To avoid the dispute between the parties, it is more safe for international traders to fully and completely understand on the customs and practice of carriage of goods. Incoterms 2010 provides more detailed method of delivery of goods than CISG and RAFTD. Concerning the method of delivery of goods, CISG and RAFTD simply provide that the seller shall place the goods at the discharge of buyers. The writer suggests the basic principles to allocate the special costs of delivery of goods according to the trade terms under Incoterms 2010.
Incoterms 2010상 물품인도 및 운송계약조건에 관한 연구
박성철(Sung Cheul PARK) 한국무역상무학회 2015 貿易商務硏究 Vol.66 No.-
The aimof this study is to examine the obligations of delivery of the goods focusing on the methods of delivery under the Incoterms 2010, comparing with CISG. The Incoterms 2010 provides various methods of delivery of the goods under the each rule(11 rules). And it is a little confusing for the parties of the contract of sales. This study reviewed specific methods of delivery of the goods with the view of practitioner. The purpose of Incoterms is to avoid misunderstanding of the contract of sales and to promote the international transactions. The uncertainties of the Incoterms 2010 shall cause disputes between the parties. Especially, when vehicles are used to pick up and deliver the goods, which party is responsible for the loading and unloading the goods. Under the D-term, which party is responsible for unloading the goods from the vehicle reached at the named place of destination is a little confusing. This study suggest some ideas on the specific methods of delivery to mitigate uncertainties and accept current practices at the field. Firstly, under the EXWrule, the seller must deliver the goods on the arriving means of transport at the seller's premises. Secondly, under the FCA rule, the seller must deliver the goods unloaded at the other place except seller's premises. Thirdly, under the CPT, CIP rules, the seller must deliver the goods unloaded irrespective of the mode of transport at the place of destination. Fourthly, the FOB, CFR, CIF rules must adapt the container transport practice.
UCP 600 제26조 상의 부지문언과 갑판적재표시의 법률적 효력에 관한 연구
박성철(Sung Cheul PARK) 한국무역상무학회 2016 貿易商務硏究 Vol.69 No.-
This study aims to review the article 26 of UCP 600. The article 26 of UCP 600 deals with 'on deck cargo' and 'unknown wording' in L/C transaction. The article 26 of UCP 600 says that a transport document stating that the goods may be carried on deck is acceptable. UCP 600 requires to reject transport documents which evidence that the goods are or will be loaded on deck. So the bank will not accept the B/L containing a clause stating the goods are or will be loaded on deck. But in practice a container cargo is carried on deck actually but we do not describe this fact on the Bill of Lading. The deck stowage is not allowed under the clean B/L. But in case of container cargo, the carrier has the right to carry the container on deck in practice. In spite of this practice the carrier can not describe this fact correctly like this : “The container cargo loaded on deck”. If carrier describes on B/L like this, the bank rejects the B/L in L/C transaction. So the carrier describes as “the goods may be carried on deck” on the back of the B/L. But they loaded the container on deck actually. This article suggests some ideas on this matter. In addition, the article 26 of UCP 600 says that a transport document bearing a clause such as “shipper's load count” or “said by shipper to contain” is acceptable. This means that a carrier has no responsibility on the contents of containers. In case of FCL Cargo, it is impossible for a carrier to check the details of container cargo. Therefore it is inevitable to insert the expressions such as “SLC(shipper's load and count)” or “STC(said to contain)”. The wording described on the face of B/L should be interpreted as intended and consistently. The intention of the carrier is not the actual quantity or weight. So unknown wording does not represent the actual quantity or weight. But some cases show that the carriers are indemnified by such insertion but others reject the effectiveness of such insertion. So this study emphasizes that unknown wording can not fully indemnify the carriers and that the insertion of such expressions shall be minimized.
박성철(Park Sung Cheul) 한국무역상무학회 2003 貿易商務硏究 Vol.21 No.-
The MIA 1906 is a very important rule for the practitioner in Korea since it is often selected as the governing law under the contract of cargo insurance. And we are using both the S.G policy and the new MAR policy. The new MAR policy has the basically different form of cover compared with the S.G policy. So we are a little confused whether some risks are covered or not under the selected clauses. The author considers which risks are covered or not under the specific clauses and compares the Institute cargo clauses with the MIA 1906.
박성철 ( Sung Cheul Park ),진신영 ( Sin Young Jin ),이수경 ( Soo Kyung Lee ),문성원 ( Sung Won Mun ),송용선 ( Yung Sun Song ) 한방재활의학과학회 2002 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.12 No.1
Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristic of patients of oriental medical hospital emergency room and to provide basic data for specialization of oriental medicine. Method : We statistically analyzed study in 1278 patients, who had visited emergency room from March, 1999 to February, 2000 at Jeonju oriental medical hospital attached to Wonkwang University. Results and Conclusions : 1. In distribution of sex, the rate of male was 51.8%, and that of female was 48.2%. Thirties numbered the most(11.7%) among males, and sixties numbered the most(9.2%) among females. 2. In distribution of onset, less than 2 days numbered the most part 75.1%. 3. In distribution in week, The most was Sundays(34.4%), followed by saturdays(19.3%) 4. In distribution of diseases, The most was head and musculoskeletal diseases(53.9%), followed by central nerve system diseases(23.6%), digestive diseases(9.0%). 5. Admission rate of being treated patients was 31.4%, and in distribution of admission patients, the most was Western Internal medicine treatment(30.3%) followed by Oriental Internal medicine treatment(20.5%). 6. In distribution of western medical treatment is 194(15.2%), oriental medical treatment is 1084(84.8%).
김미영,박성철,강성호,송용선,신병철,Kim, Mi-Young,Park, Sung-Cheul,Kang, Sung-Ho,Song, Yung-Sun,Shin, Byung-Cheul 척추신경추나의학회 2002 대한추나의학회지 Vol.3 No.1
Objective : There is no case report on the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL) treated by CHUNA manual therapy in oriental medicine. We experienced a patient(32-year-old female) with OPLL improved by CHUNA manual therapy in X-ray image and visual analogue scale(VAS), and we report it clinically. Methods : During the patient with OPLL was treated CHUNA manual therapy, acupuncture, and physical therapy, we examined cervical X-ray, CT and Moire topography and evaluated the patient's symptoms by VAS. And we observed whether the changes exist or not in X-ray and VAS. Results : VAS in symptoms was improved significantly(p<0.05), and the radiologic X-ray image in OPLL patient was improved. Conclusion : OPLL was generally treated conservative treatment and operation in severe case. But CHUNA manual therapy may be more effective in conservative treatment of OPLL, if more clinical studies and reaches are accomplished. 후방 종인대 골화중의 치료에 수술적 처치 이전 단계의 환자에 대한 보존적 치료는 대증적 치료가 주가 되어 왔다. 본 증례에서는 추나요법을 주로 시행한 후방 종인대 골화증 환자(32세, 여자)에서 시각적 상사 척도의 각 치료기간별 감소 및 ROM의 증가와 더불어 X-ray상의 변화까지도 감소되는 현저한 치료효과를 나타내게 되었다. 향후 본 질환에 대한 보다 심도 있는 연구가 진행된다면 후방 종인대 골화증의 보존적 치료에 추나요법이 뚜렷한 역할을 공헌하리라 기대되며 이에 대한 관심과 연구가 진행되어야 한다.
노성일 ( Sung Il Noh ),김상돈 ( Sang Don Kim ),박성철 ( Sung Cheul Park ),서병윤 ( Byung Yun Seo ),염승룡 ( Seung Ryong Yeom ),권영달 ( Young Dal Kwon ),신병철 ( Byung Cheul Shin ),송용선 ( Yung Sun Song ) 한방재활의학과학회 2005 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.15 No.2
목적 : 방풍은 임상적으로 관절염을 포함한 다양한 염증성 질환 치료제로 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 인간 비만세포를 이용하여 세포 독성에 영향을 주지 않는 농도에서 방풍의 항염 효과 및 그 기전을 검토했다. 방법 : 인간의 HMC-1세포를 IMDM에서 페니실린, 스트렙토마이신, 모노티오글리세린를 첨가하여 배양하고 방풍추출액을 투여하였다. 그 다음 MTT, ELISA, RT-PCR, 세포내 칼슘측정, 핵단백분석을 이용하여 TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 각각의 형성과 mRNA발현, 세포내 칼슘 수준, NF-κB 발현에 대한 방풍추출액의 반응을 측정하고 통계처리 하였다. 결과 : 방풍은 PMA와 calcium ionophore A23187로 활성화된 비만세포에서 세포내 칼슘 수준과 NF-κB, TNF-α와 IL-6의 발현을 억제 시켰고 RT-PCR을 이용한 mRNA 발현에서 TNF-α와 IL-6의 발현을 억제하였다. 결론 : 방풍은 비만세포내 칼슘 수준 및 NF-κB의 활성을 억제하고 염증성 세포 활성 물질인 TNF-α와 IL-6의 분비도 억제하여 항염 효과를 나타냄을 암시하고 있다.
체중감량(體重減量)을 목적(目的)으로 절식료법(節食療法)을 시행(施行)한 환자(患者)의 체성분변화(體成分變化)에 관한 림상적(臨床的) 고찰(考察)
문성원 ( Seong Won Moon ),박성철 ( Sung Cheul Park ),진신영 ( Sin Young Jin ),이수경 ( Soo Kyung Lee ),송용선 ( Yung Sun Song ) 한방재활의학과학회 2002 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.12 No.1
Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate by evaluating body composition whether patients treated by fasting therapy maintain and improve their body compositions or not. Methods : We examined the body compositions of 20 patients three times(before fasting, on the 2nd refeeding day, over 3 months later) by In Body 2.0. Results : 1. From "before fasting" to "on the 2nd refeeding day", mean muscle mass was significantly decreased by 4.46±1.80kg(p<0.05), while from "on the 2nd refeeding day" to "over 3 months later", it was significantly increased by 3.16±1.35kg(p<0.05). 2. From "before fasting" to "on the 2nd refeeding day", mean body fat mass was significantly decreased by 3.59±2.79kg(p<0.05), and from "on the 2nd refeeding day" to "over 3 months later", it was also significantly decreased by 2.63±3.37kg(p<0.05). 3. From "before fasting" to "on the 2nd refeeding day", mean body fat rate was decreased by 0.54±2.17% but not significantly(p>0.05), and from "on the 2nd refeeding day" to "over 3 months later", it was significantly decreased by 4.06±2.88%(p<0.05). 4. From "before fasting" to "on the 2nd refeeding day", mean abdominal fat rate was significantly decreased by 0.02±0.02%(p<0.05), and from "on the 2nd refeeding day" to "over 3 months later", it was also significantly decreased by 0.03±0.03%(p<0.05). Conclusions : Body fat rate and abdominal fat rate were significantly reduced after fasting therapy by oriental medicine.