GEOWEPP 모형을 이용한 고랭지 경사지밭 소유역의 토양유실 저감방안

문종필,김태철,이성현,권진경,이수장,임경재,Moon, Jong-Pil,Kim, Tai-Cheol,Lee, Sung-Hyoun,Kwon, Jin-Kyung,Lee, Su-Jang,Lim, Kyoung-Jae 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.52 No.6

This study was performed to suggest a soil loss reduction skill through estimating soil erosion from a small watershed including each type of sloping agriland by using GEOWEPP model. Experimental watershed at Gangwon province was selected for very typical sloping fields of highland agriculture in Alpine area. Runoff discharge and sediment load, hourly rainfall amount occurred during storm event were gauged, and weather data were obtained from Daegwallyeong meteorological station. The results of GEOWEPP model estimation showed that relative error values for total runoff discharge and sediment load were 3 %, -14.5 % respectively. Based on the result, soil erosion and waterway path map for each hillslope were made to select target hillslope. Several hillslopes of severe soil erosion were analyezed and then the optimal vegetative filter strip construction width and waterway path to plant grass were decided by using GEOWEPP Model.

SWAT2000 모형을 이용한 갑천수계의 소유역별 유출량 추정

문종필,김태철,Moon, Jong-Pil,Kim, Tai-Cheol 한국농공학회 2006 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.48 No.5

Geographic Information System has extended to higher assessment of water resources. GIS linking with hydrological model becomes a trend in water resource assessment modeling. One of the most popular models is SWAT2000 which have effectiveness in multi-purpose processes for predicting the impact of land management practices on water, sediments and chemicals yields in large complex watershed with varying soils, land uses, and management conditions over long period of time. In this study, SWAT2000 model was applied to Gap stream watershed in Daejeon city where TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) Regulation would be implanted. The Gap Stream watershed was partitioned into 8 subbasins, however, only 3 out of 8 subbaisns were observed for having practical gauged data on the basis of streamflow from the year of 2002 to 2005. Gauged streamflow data of Indong, Boksu and Hoeduck stations were used for calibration and validation of the SWAT Streamflow simulation. Estimation Efficiency Analysis (COE), Regression Analysis ($R^{2}$), Relative Error (R.E.) were used for comparing observed streamflow data of the 3 subbasins on the daily and monthly basis with estimated streamflow data in order to fix optimized parameters for the best fitted results. COE value for the daily and monthly streamflow was ranged from 0.45 to 0.96. $R^{2}$ values for daily and monthly streamflow ranged from 0.51 to 0.97. R.E. values for total streamflow volume ranged from 3 % to 22.5 %. The accuracy of the model results shows that the SWAT2000 model can be applicable to Korean watersheds like the Gap Stream watershed that needs to be partitioned into a number of subbasins for TMDL regulation.

충적대수층 계간축열 냉난방 시스템의 온실 난방 효과

문종필,강금춘,김형권,이태석,오성식,진병옥,Moon, Jong Pil,Kang, Geum Choon,Kim, Hyung Gweon,Lee, Tae Seok,Oh, Sung Sik,Jin, Byung Ok 한국농공학회 2017 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.59 No.6

In this study, a cold well and a warm one with the distance of 100 m were installed in the alluvial aquifer. Groundwater used as the heat and the cold source of heat pump was designed to flow into the warm and the cold well with a diameter of 200 mm. In order to increase the heat and cold storage in aquifer, six auxiliary wells with the diameter of 50 mm and the depth of 30 m were installed at an interval of 5 m from the main well. Also, heat pump 50 RT, the thermal tank $40m^3$, and a remote control and monitoring system were installed in three single-span greenhouses ($2,100m^2$) for growing tomato in Buyeo, Chungcheongnam-do. According to the aquifer heat storage test which had been conducted from Aug. 31 to Sep. 22, 2016, warm water of $850m^3$ was found to flow into warm well. The temperature of the injected water was $30^{\circ}C$ (intake temperature : $15^{\circ}C$), and the heat of 12.8 Gcal was stored. The greenhouse heating test in winter had been conducted from Nov. 21, 2016 to Apr. 30, 2017. On Nov. 21, 2016 when heating greenhouse started, the aquifer temperature of the warm well was $18.5^{\circ}C$. The COP for heating with water source at $18.5^{\circ}C$ was 3.8. The intake water temperature of warm well was gradually lowered to the temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ on Jan. 2, 2017 and the heat pump COP was measured to be 3.2 at that time. As a result, the heat pump COP was improved by 18 %. and retrieval heat was 8 Gcal, the retrieval rate of heat stored in aquifer was estimated at 63 %.

연질 PE관을 이용한 여름딸기 부분냉방기술 개발

문종필,강금춘,권진경,이수장,이종남,Moon, Jong Pil,Kang, Geum Choon,Kwon, Jin Kyung,Lee, Su Jang,Lee, Jong Nam 한국농공학회 2014 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.56 No.6

The effects of spot cooling on growing ever-bearing strawberry in hydroponic cultivation during summer by spot cooling system was estimated in plastic greenhouse located in Pyeongchang. The temperature of cooling water was controlled by heat pump and maintained at the range of $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$. Cooling pipes were installed in root zone and very close to crown. Spot cooling effect was estimated by applying system in three cases which were cooling root zone, crown plus root zone, and crown only. White low density polyethylene pipe in nominal diameter of 16 mm was installed on crown spot, and Stainless steel flexible pipe in nominal diameter of 15A was installed in root zone. Crown and root zone cooling water circulation was continuously performed at flowrates of 300 ~ 600 L/hr all day long. Strawberry yields by test beds were surveyed from Aug. 1 to Sep. 30. The accumulated yield growth rate compared with a control bed of crown cooling bed was 25 % and that of crown plus root zone cooling bed was 25 % and that of root zone cooling bed was 20 %. The temperatures of root spot in root zone cooling was maintained at $18{\sim}23.0^{\circ}C$ and that of crown spot in crown cooling was maintained at $19{\sim}24^{\circ}C$. Also, the temperatures of root spot in crown plus root zone cooling bed was maintained at $17.0{\sim}22.0^{\circ}C$ and that of crown spot was maintained at $19{\sim}25^{\circ}C$.

강변여과수를 이용한 온실난방기술 개발

문종필,이성현,권진경,강연구,유영선,이수장,Moon, Jong-Pil,Lee, Sung-Hyoun,Kwon, Jin-Kyung,Kang, Youn-Ku,Ryou, Young-Sun,Lee, Su-Jang 한국농공학회 2011 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.53 No.6

In order to heat greenhouse nearby river channel, riverbank filtration water source heat pump was developed for getting plenty of heat flux from geothermal energy. Recharging well, thermal storage tank with separating insulation plate and filtering tank for eliminating iron, manganese were mainly developed for making the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pump higher. Heating system using riverbank filtration water source heat pump was installed at a paprika greenhouse in the Jinju region where a single fold of vinyl cover and 2 layers of horizontal thermal curtain were installed as a part of temperature keeping and heat insulation with a greenhouse area of 3,185 $m^2$. 320,000 kcal/h was supplied for performing a site application tests. A greenhouse heating test was performed from Feb. 1, 2011 to Apr. 30, 2011. As the result of that, COPh of the heat pump was measured in the range of 4.0~4.5, while COPS of the system was represented as 2.9~3.3. COP measured of the heat pump was very good and well responded to indoor heating temperature of the environment control system of a greenhouse.

갑천유역의 영양염류 유달부하량 산정을 위한 SWAT2000 모형의 적용성 평가

문종필,김태철,Moon, Jong-Pil,Kim, Tai-Cheol 한국농공학회 2006 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.48 No.6

In order to estimate delivered nutrients load from non-point sources in the Gap stream watershed in Daejeon, a distributed watershed model SWAT2000 was used so that it could predict the impact of land management practices on water, sediments and chemicals yields in large complex watersheds with varing soils, land uses and management condition over long period of time. The SWAT2000 was applied to the Daejeon (Indong), Yudeung (Boksu) and Gap (Hoeduck) streams for TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) of nutrients. The observed water quality and streamflow data of the year of 2002 and 2003 were used for calibration, and those of the year 2004 and 2005 were used for validation. Simulated results were evaluated by Estimation Efficiency Analysis (COE), Regression Analysis $(R^2)$ and Relative Error (R.E.) for the nutrients amounts on the monthly and yearly basis by comparing observed load with estimated load obtained by using SWAT2000 simulations. The COE value fur T-N was ranged from 0.59 to 0.78, $R^2$ values for T-N ranged from 0.65 to 0.84, and R.E values fur T-N load ranged from 4% to 20%. COE value far T-N was ranged from 0.59 to 0.73, $R^2$ values for T-P ranged from 0.67 to 0.82, and R.E values for T-P load ranged from 3% to 25%. Estimated results of SWAT2000 simulation for 3 sites (Indong, Boksu, Hoedeok) were reasonably satisfactory. This study indicated that SWAT2000 model could be applicable to estimate the nutrients load from the Gap stream watershed in Korea.

모바일 기반 온실 냉난방 부하 산정 프로그램 개발

문종필,방지웅,황정수,장재경,윤성욱,Moon, Jong Pil,Bang, Ji Woong,Hwang, Jeongsu,Jang, Jae Kyung,Yun, Sung Wook 한국생물환경조절학회 2021 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.30 No.4

모바일 기반 온실에너지 계산프로그램을 제작하기 위해 먼저 주요 단일 피복재 10종 및 보온재 16종에 대한 열관류율 측정하였다. 또한 피복 및 보온재를 이중 및 삼중으로 다층 설치할 때 열관류율 추정을 위하여 이중 설치시 24조합, 삼중설치 시 59조합에 대한 열관류율을 핫박스를 이용하여 측정하였다. 단일 피복재에서는 PE필름(0.08mm) 대비 PO필름(0.15mm)이 가장 열관류율이 가장 작고 열절감율이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 단일 보온재에서는 열관류율에서는 외피가 있는 5겹의 다겹보온커튼이 가장 보온력이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 단일자재에 대한 열관류율 값과 열저항값을 이용한 피복 및 보온재의 다층설치시의 총 열관류율 값을 산정하였고 실측 값과의 오차를 보정하는 선형회귀식을 도출하였다. 단일재료의 열관류율값에 의한 피복 및 보온재의 다층설치시 열관류율 추정 모형을 개발한 결과 모형평가지수가 0.90(0.5 이상일 때 양호)으로 나타나 추정치가 실측치를 매우 잘 재현 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 시험온실을 통한 실증시험결과 예측된 열절감율이 실측치보다 상대오차 2%로 작게 나타나는 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 기반으로 모바일 기반의 온실 에너지계산 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 프로그램은 HTML5 표준 웹 기반 모바일 웹 애플리케이션으로 구현하였으며 N-Screen 지원을 통해 다양한 모바일 장치 및 PC 브라우저에서 동작이 가능하게 제작되었다. 또한 온실 피복(12종) 및 보온재(16종)의 조합별 열관류율 및 난방부하계수를 제공하여 농민이 모바일로 온실 위치, 형태 및 피복·보온재 등을 반영한 최대 주야간 냉난방부하 및 기간 난방부하를 산정할 수 있다. 대상 온실의 에너지 소비량에 대한 평가가 가능하며 온실의 지역 및 형태에 따라 피복 및 보온재의 최적 선택으로 에너지 절감형 온실 설계가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. In order to develope a mobile-based greenhouse energy calculation program, firstly, the overall thermal transmittance of 10 types of major covers and 16 types of insulation materials were measured. In addition, to estimate the overall thermal transmittance when the cover and insulation materials were installed in double or triple layers, 24 combinations of double installations and 59 combinations of triple installations were measured using the hotbox. Also, the overall thermal transmittance value for a single material and the thermal resistance value were used to calculate the overall thermal transmittance value at the time of multi-layer installation of covering and insulating materials, and the linear regression equation was derived to correct the error with the measured values. As a result of developing the model for estimating thermal transmittance when installing multiple layers of coverings and insulating materials based on the value of overall thermal transmittance of a single-material, the model evaluation index was 0.90 (good when it is 0.5 or more), indicating that the estimated value was very close to the actual value. In addition, as a result of the on-site test, it was evaluated that the estimated heat saving rate was smaller than the actual value with a relative error of 2%. Based on these results, a mobile-based greenhouse energy calculation program was developed that was implemented as an HTML5 standard web-based mobile web application and was designed to work with various mobile device and PC browsers with N-Screen support. It had functions to provides the overall thermal transmittance(heating load coefficient) for each combination of greenhouse coverings and thermal insulation materials and to evaluate the energy consumption during a specific period of the target greenhouse. It was estimated that an energy-saving greenhouse design would be possible with the optimal selection of coverings and insulation materials according to the region and shape of the greenhouse.

적외선 열화상 분석을 통한 온실의 열손실 진단 및 평가

문종필,윤남규,이성현,김학주,이수장,김영화,Moon, Jong-Pil,Yun, Nam-Kyu,Lee, Sung-Hyoun,Kim, Hak-Joo,Lee, Su-Jang,Kim, Young-Hwa 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.52 No.2

Unlike Urban building, horticultural facilities has a lot of heat loss through plastic or glass covering material which could be much influential to growing plant and consuming energy for heating greenhouse. In many cases, heat loss from a break of cover, a gap of joint sealing, the entrance to greenhouse and windows for ventilation are the main factors considered in calculating the heating load for horticultural facilities. however the normal observation through human eye and digital camera could not recognize where the heat loss occurred. but the infrared thermal image camera with detecting thermal difference could be very effective for noticing heat loss by analyzing infrared thermal image. In this study, greenhouse structure, covering material, internal and external provisions for Horticultural facilities were surveyed in different sites and Infrared thermal camera shooting and image analysis were performed for auditing heat loss from cultivation facilities The results from this study were that unexpected heat loss had been noticed in 7 representative cases of greenhouse such as side wall covered with single or double plastic, and the joint of horizontal thermal curtain, roof without horizontal thermal curtain, entrance to greenhouse, windows for ventilation. the most important factors for keeping heat energy were whether the horizontal thermal curtain with multifold thermal material was installed or not. The internal or external covering using multifold thermal curtain proved to be the most effective ways to keep heat energy from losing through heat transmission, heat radiation. from inside to outside the horticultural facilities.

PO필름 피복 온실의 수량 증대 및 에너지 절감 효과

문종필(Jong Pil Moon),박석호(Seok Ho Park),김진구(Jin Gu Kim),이재한(Jae Han Lee),강연구(Youn Koo Kang),임미영(Mi Young Lim),김혜민(Hye Min Kim) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2020 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.29 No.4

본 연구는 PO필름과 PE필름을 온실의 피복재로 적용하였을 때 작물 수량 증대 및 에너지 절감에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험온실은 국립원예특작과학원 시설원예연구소 내에 위치한 단동온실(1-1W) 2동(B21, B23)과 2연동온실(1-2W형) 2동(B15, B16)을 사용하였다. 단동온실의 규격은 폭 7.2m, 길이 30m, 측고 1.5m, 동고 3.6m 이고, 연동온실의 규격은 폭 8m, 길이 40m, 측고 3.1m, 동고 5.8m의 온실로서 이중 골조로 된 아치형 표준온실이다. 동절기 시험을 위하여 PO 필름(외피 0.15mm, 내피 0.10mm)을 단동과 연동의 온실 피복재로 사용하였으며 대조구 온실로서 PE필름(외피 0.15mm, 내피 0.10mm)을 단동과 연동에 설치하였다. 시험작물은 완숙토마토 ‘해피니스’를 토양재배 하였고 2019년 12월 3일에 정식하여 2020년 4월 30일까지 재배하였다. 온실내부 야간 설정온도는 15℃를 유지하였으며 주간에는 23∽24℃를 유지할 수 있도록 측창 및 천창을 개방하였다. PO필름의 단동 및 연동온실 내부에서의 일사량, 온습도 등을 측정하였고, 재배기간 동안의 생육량을 조사하였으며 에너지 절감 효과를 조사하기 위해 피복재별 시험온실의 온풍난방기 연료 소비량을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 단동온실에서의 일사량은 PO필름 온실에서 PE필름 온실보다 7% 증가하였고 수확량은 20% 증대되었다. 연동온실에서의 일사량은 PO필름 온실에서 PE필름 온실보다 11% 증가되었고, 수확량은 9% 증가하였다. 또한 온실내부의 일평균 온습도 측정 결과 단동온실은 PE, PO필름 온실이 19.0℃, 19.1℃, 상대습도 75%를 나타냈고 연동온실은 PO필름 온실이 19.6℃, 상대습도 57%를 나타냈고 PE필름 온실이 18.8℃, 상대습도 63%를 나타냈다. 연료 소비량은 단동온실의 PO필름 온실이 PE필름 온실보다 12.4% 절감되었고 연동온실에서는 PO필름 온실이 PE필름 온실보다 11.5% 절감된 것으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of PO film on the increase of crop yield and energy saving through PO and PE film greenhouse application and comparison test. As a experimental greenhouse, two single span greenhouses (1-1 W) and two double span greenhouses (1-2 W) were used. During winter season, PO film (0.15 mm outer layer, 0.10mm inner layer) was used as a covering material of greenhouse in double layers for double-span (B15) and single-span(B21), and PE film used for double-span (B15), and single-span (B23) as a control. The experimental vegetable was tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivated in soil and the cultivar of that was ‘Happiness’. That was cultivated from December 3, 2019 to April 30, 2020. The temperature at night inside the greenhouse was maintained at 15℃, and the side and roof windows were opened to maintain 23 ~ 24℃ during the day. As a result, this study showed that the yield in single-span greenhouse(B21) covered with a PO film increased 20% and that in double-span greenhouse (B16) increased by 9% compared to the greenhouse covered with a PE film (B23, B15). Fuel consumption of the single-span greenhouse (B21) with the cover of PO film was reduced by 12.4% and that of double-span greenhouse was done by 11.5% compared to that of the PE film greenhouse (B23, B15) without any difference between them in growing state.

효과적인 이메일 분류를 위한 빈발 항목집합 기반 최적 이메일 폴더 추천 기법

문종필(Jong-Pil Moon),이원석(Won-Suk Lee),장중혁(Joong-Hyuk Chang) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2011 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.16 No.2

이메일이 중요한 정보 전달과 의사소통의 수단으로 널리 활용된 이래 사람들은 이메일을 내용에 따라 적절하게 분류하는 작업에 많은 노력을 기울려 왔다. 이메일은 문서의 길이나 문체가 다양하며 사용되는 단어들이 비정규적이다. 또한 이메일 분류 기준은 일반적으로 해당 이메일 사용자의 주관에 따라 정의된다. 따라서 기존의 일반적인 문서분류 기법으로는 이메일을 효율적으로 분류하는데 어려움이 있다. 상업용 이메일 프로그램에서 제공되는 분류 기능은 메일 클라이언트에서 지원하는 텍스트 필터링을 이용한다. 한편 이메일의 자동 분류에 관한 연구는 확률 기반의 나이브 베이지안 기법을 응용하여 정확도를 높일 수 있는 연구가 주로 진행되어 왔으며, 대부분 영문 이메일에 대한 연구이다. 본 논문에서는 빈발 패턴 마이닝 기법을 적용하여 한글 이메일에 대한 개인 맞춤형 폴더 추천기법을 제시한다. 이메일의 맞춤형 폴더 추천 기법은 이메일에 대한 전처리 과정과 빈발 항목집합을 이용한 메일 폴더의 프로파일 생성과정으로 구성된다. 생성된 프로파일은 분류 대상이 되는 각 메일이 개인별 맞춤형 기준에 따라 가장 적합한 이메일 폴더로 효과적으로 분류되는데 활용된다. 또한 제안된 기법을 적용한 이메일 분류 시스템을 구현한다. Since an e-mail has been an important mean of communication and information sharing, there have been much effort to classify e-mails efficiently by their contents. An e-mail has various forms in length and style, and words used in an e-mail are usually irregular. In addition, the criteria of an e-mail classification are subjective. As a result, it is quite difficult for the conventional text classification technique to be adapted to an e-mail classification efficiently. An e-mail classification technique in a commercial e-mail program uses a simple text filtering technique in an e-mail client. In the previous studies on automatic classification of an e-mail, the Naive Bayesian technique based on the probability has been used to improve the classification accuracy, and most of them are on an e-mail in English. This paper proposes the personalized recommendation technique of an email in Korean using a data mining technique of frequent patterns. The proposed technique consists of two phases such as the pre-processing of e-mails in an e-mail folder and the generating a profile for the e-mail folder. The generated profile is used for an e-mail to be classified into the most appropriate e-mail folder by the subjective criteria. The e-mail classification system is also implemented, which adapts the proposed technique.