얕은 소오스/드레인 접합깊이가 deep submicron CMOSFET 소자 특성에 미치는 영향

노광명,고요환,박찬광,황성민,정하풍,정명준 대한전자공학회 1996 전자공학회논문지-A Vol.33 No.4

With the MOsES (mask oxide sidewall etch scheme)process which uses the conventional i-line stepper and isotropic wet etching, CMOSFET's with fine gate pattern of 0.1.mu.m CMOSFET device, the screening oxide is deposited before the low energy ion implantation for source/drain extensions and two step sidewall scheme is adopted. Through the characterization of 0.1.mu.m CMOSFET device, it is found that the screening oxide deposition sheme has larger capability of suppressing the short channel effects than two step sidewall schem. In cse of 200.angs.-thick screening oxide deposition, both NMOSFET and PMOSFET maintain good subthreshold characteristics down to 0.1.mu.m effective channel lengths, and show affordable drain saturation current reduction and low impact ionization rates.

망막정맥폐쇄 환자에서 시력과 맥락막두께와의 상관관계

노광명,김창주,이승욱,이상준 한국망막학회 2019 Journal of Retina Vol.4 No.2

Purpose: To clarify the correlation between visual acuity and changes of choroidal thickness in retinal vein occlusion patients (RVO). Methods: A total of 100 patients were reviewed and 35 patients (35 eyes) were included. They were diagnosed with RVO through fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. And they were at least 6 months of follow-up. We compared the choroidal thickness, macular ischemia range, macular thickness and range, initial visual acuity, final visual acuity, and treatment methods. The choroidal thickness, degree of macular ischemia, and edema were assessed by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) within 2 weeks of the initial visit. We analyzed changes of subfoveal choroidal thickness with enhanced depth imaging of Spectralis HRA+OCT. Results: The mean initial choroidal thickness of 35 eyes was 293.26 ± 61.63 μm, which was significantly thicker than that of the opposite eye (240.77 ± 69.79 μm). Choroidal thickness decreased after 6 months of treatment. The changes in the initial and late choroidal thickness were 50.0 ± 29.5 μm and 26.6 ± 21.6 μm, respectively, in the visual acuity group and the non-visual acuity group, respectively. The changes in central macular thickness were 226.1 ± 165.7 μm and 73.5 ± 81.5 μm, respectively (p = 0.004, p = 0.018). Visual acuity showed no statistically significant correlation. Conclusions: There was no significant correlation between visual acuity and choroidal thickness in RVO patients. Rather, it correlated with changes in choroidal thickness and central macular thickness. This suggests that there is a pathophysiologic relation between macular edema and choroidal thickness. 목적: 망막정맥폐쇄 환자에서 시력과 맥락막두께의 상관관계를 알아보고자 한다. 대상과 방법: 2011년 1월부터 2013년 12월까지 안저사진과 형광안저혈관조영술을 통해 망막정맥폐쇄로 진단받고 최소 6개월 이상 경과 관찰이 가능하였던 총 100명을 대상으로 환자 기록지를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 맥락막두께, 황반허혈의 범위, 황반부종의 정도와 범위, 초진시력, 6개월 이후 시력, 치료 방법을 비교하였다. 맥락막두께와 황반허혈 및 부종의 정도는 초진 후 2주 이내에 촬영한 형광안저혈관조영술과 빛간섭단층촬영을 통하여 평가하였다. 중심와아래 맥락막두께의 변화를 분석하였고 맥락막두께는 빛간섭단층촬영의 enhanced depth imaging을 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: 35안의 초기 맥락막두께는 평균 293.26 ± 61.63 μm로 반대안 240.77 ± 69.79 μm에 비해 유의하게 두꺼웠으며, 치료 시행 6개월 이상 경과 후 맥락막두께는 감소하였다. 초기, 후기 맥락막두께의 변화량은 시력 호전군과 시력 비호전군에서 각각 50.0 ± 29.5 μm, 26.6 ± 21.6 μm였고, 황반두께의 변화량은 각각 226.1 ± 165.7 μm, 73.5 ± 81.5 μm였다(p = 0.004, p = 0.018). 초진 및 6개월 이후 시력과 맥락막두께 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 망막정맥폐쇄 환자에서 시력과 맥락막두께 사이에 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. 오히려 맥락막두께와 황반두께의 변화와 관련을 보였다. 이는 황반부종과 맥락막두께 간의 병태 생리학적 상관관계가 있음을 시사한다.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Following Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant

노광명,이상준,남기엽,이승욱 대한안과학회 2019 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.33 No.4

Precipitation of Vancomycin and Ceftazidime on Intravitreal Injection in Endophthalmitis Patients

노광명,남기엽,이승욱,이상준 대한안과학회 2019 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.33 No.3

Analysis of Changes in Retinal Photoreceptors Using Optical Coherence Tomography in a Feline Model of Iodoacetic Acid-induced Retinal Degeneration

노광명,임재완,이명신,이승욱,이상준 대한안과학회 2019 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.33 No.6

Purpose: We investigated structural changes in the retina by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in afeline model of retinal degeneration using iodoacetic acid (IAA). Methods: We examined 22 eyes of 11 felines over 2 years of age. The felines had fasted for 12 hours and wereintravenously injected with IAA 20 mg/kg of body weight. OCT (Spectralis OCT) was performed at the pointwhere the ends of the retinal vessels collected in the lateral direction from the optic nerve head and areacentralis. Similarly, OCT was performed four times at 1-week intervals following injections, at which point thefelines were sacrificed and histologic examinations were performed. Using OCT, the thickness of each layer ofthe retina was measured. Results: The average body weight of the three male and eight female felines investigated in this study was1.61 ± 0.19 kg. The mean total retinal thickness of the felines before injection was 221.32 ± 9.82 μm, with asignificant decrease in the retinal thickness at 2, 3, and 4 weeks following injections of 186.41 ± 35.42, 174.56± 31.94, and 175.35 ± 33.84 μm, respectively (p = 0.028, 0.027, and 0.027, respectively). The thickness of theouter nuclear layer was 57.49 ± 8.03 μm before injection and 29.26 ± 17.87, 25.62 ± 13.88, and 31.60 ± 18.38μm at 2, 3, and 4 weeks, respectively, after injection (p = 0.028, 0.028, 0.046, respectively). Conclusions: In a feline model of retinal degeneration using IAA, the total retinal thickness and the thickness ofthe outer nuclear layer were shown to decrease significantly on OCT.

망막정맥폐쇄 환자에서 황반허혈과 최종시력과의 연관성

노광명,이지은,남기엽,이승욱,이상준,Gwang Myung Noh,Ji Eun Lee,Ki Yup Nam,Seung Uk Lee,Sang Joon Lee 대한안과학회 2014 대한안과학회지 Vol.55 No.10

Purpose: To identify the correlation between final visual outcome after at least 6 months of follow-up and the extent of macular ischemia on the first visit. Methods: We performed a retrospective clinical analysis of macular ischemia using clinical records, fundus examinations, and fluorescein angiographies in 83 patients (86 eyes) diagnosed with retinal vein occlusion from January 1998 to July 2012 and followed up for over 6 months. We evaluated the extent and the location of macular ischemia, macular edema, initial and final visual acuities and systemic disease based on fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography performed within 2 weeks of the first visit. The patients were divided into the following 4 groups based on the extent and location of macular ischemia and edema: superotemporal, superonasal, inferotemporal, and inferonasal. Results: Retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) consisted of 24 central RVOs (CRVOs) and 62 branch RVOs (BRVOs). Mean initial acuity (log MAR) was 0.35 ± 0.31 (36 eyes) in the no macular ischemia group, 0.40 ± 0.21 (11 eyes) in the 1-quadrant macular ischemia group, 0.71 ± 0.32 (26 eyes) in the 2-quadrant macular ischemia group and 0.73 ± 0.36 (13 eyes) in the over 3 quadrants macular ischemia group. Mean final acuity (log MAR) was 0.23 ± 0.23 in the no macular ischemia group, 0.40 ± 0.30 in the 1-quadrant macular ischemia group, 0.51 ± 0.32 in the 2-quadrant macular ischemic group and 0.73 ± 0.31 in the over 3 quadrants macular ischemia group. Conclusions: The initial and final visual outcomes were worse when more quadrants were affected by macular ischemia. The extent of macular ischemia was correlated with initial visual acuity and final visual outcome but not with macular edema. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(10):1493-1498

분주 베바시주맙의 무균성과 안정성

노광명,김수영,남기엽,이승욱,김영호,이상준,Gwang Myung Noh,Soo Young Kim,Ki Yup Nam,Seung Uk Lee,Young Ho Kim,Sang Joon Lee 대한안과학회 2014 대한안과학회지 Vol.55 No.10

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and sterility of bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) after withdrawal into multiple doses from single-use vials. Methods: Bevacizumab was repeatedly and aseptically drawn from new vials into 1 cc plastic syringes and refrigerated in the dark at 4℃ for 0, 3, 6, 12, 28, 38, 46, 52, or 63 weeks or at -10℃ for 0, 3, 6, 12, 38, 46, or 52 weeks. The stability of bevacizumab was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared with that of controls (0 weeks). The contents of the fractionated bevacizumab syringes were analyzed for microbial growth. Results: When we assessed the relative stability of the bevacizumab stored at 4℃, there was no concentration change for up to 12 weeks. However, concentration decreased by less than 2% between 28 weeks and 46 weeks. Samples stored at -10℃ were stable up to 52 weeks. All of the fractionated syringes maintained >90% stability compared with controls for up to one year in both the refrigerated group and the frozen group. The microbial study showed no significant positive results for up to 12 weeks. After intravitreal bevacizumab injection, the statuses of all patients improved, with no signs of intraocular infection. We observed no cases of intraocular infection or complications among the patients. Conclusions: Fractionating and storing smaller amounts from single-use vials is a safe method for intravitreal bevacizumab injection.J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(10):1499-1503

SAW Self-Aligned Selectively Grown W-GAte) MOSFETs (SAW (Self-Algined Selectively Grown W-Gate) MOSFETs의 제작 및 특성 분석

황성민,노광명,정명준,허민,정하풍,서정원,박찬광,고요환,이대훈,Hwang, Seong-Min,Rho, Kwang-Myoung,Chung, Myung-Jun,Huh, Min,Jeong, Ha-Poong,Suh, Jeong-Won,Park, Chan-Kwang,Koh, Yo-Hwan,Lee, Dai-Hoon 대한전자공학회 1995 전자공학회논문지-A Vol.32 No.6

We proposed SAW (Self-Algined Selectively Grown W-Gate) MOSFET structure, and strudied electrical characteristics of the fabricated SAW MOSFETs. The threshold volgate of 0.21${\mu}$m SAW NMOSFET was 0.18 V and that of 0.24 ${\mu}$m SAW PMOSFET was -0.16 V. The subthreshold slope was 74 mV/decade for NMOSFET and 82 mV/decade for PMOSFET. The maximum transconductance of NMOSFET and PMOSFET, at V$_{GS}$=2.5 V and V$_{DS}$=1.5 V, were260 mS/mm and 122 mS/mm. The measured saturation drain current at V$_{GS}$=V$_{DS}$ =2.5 V was 0.574 mA/${\mu}$m for NMOSFET and -0.228 mA/${\mu}$m for PMOSFET. The gate resistance of SAW MOSFET was about m$\Omega$cm and the n+-p junction capacitance of SAW MOSFET was about 10% lowas than that of the conventional MOSFET's.

이상 부착된 외직근을 가진 감각외사시 환자에서의 수술적 치료

이승하(Seung Ha Lee),노광명(Gwang Myung Noh),이승욱(Seung Uk Lee),이상준(Sang Joon Lee),김창주(Chang Zoo Kim) 대한안과학회 2021 대한안과학회지 Vol.62 No.2

목적: 이상 부착된 외직근을 가진 감각외사시 환자에서 시행한 수술적 교정 1예에 대해 보고하고자 하였다. 증례요약: 21세 남자가 우안의 외편위로 내원하였다. 환자는 11년 전 우안의 외상력이 있었고 내원 당시 30프리즘디옵터의 외사시가 있었다. 감각외사시 진단하에 7.5 mm의 외직근후전술과 6 mm의 내직근절제술을 계획하였다. 수술 중 외직근이 각막윤부에서 12 mm 떨어진 지점에 공막에 결합하고 있는 것을 발견하였다. 외직근을 후전시키기 위한 수술 중 시야 확보가 어려워 원하는 위치에 근육을 고정시키기 위해 조정봉합술을 사용하여 근육을 위치시켰다. 술 후 환자는 8-10프리즘디옵터의 외사시를 보였고 조정봉합된 실을 통해 2 mm의 후전술을 추가로 시행하였다. 수술 직후 환자는 편위를 보이지 않았으며, 3개월간의 경과 관찰 동안 4프리즘디옵터의 내사시를 보였다. 결론: 수술 중 외안근의 이상 부착이 발견되더라도 술 전 계획대로 수술을 진행하면 기대하였던 결과를 얻을 수 있으며, 술 중 시야 확보가 힘들 경우 조정봉합술이 유용할 수 있다. Purpose: We report surgical repair of an abnormally attached lateral rectus muscle in a sensory exotropia patient. Case summary: A 21-year-old man visited our hospital with lateral deviation in the right eye. The patient had a history of trauma (11 years previously) to the right eye, which showed 30 prism diopters of exotropia. In accordance with a diagnosis of sensory exotropia, 7.5-mm lateral rectus muscle recession and 6-mm medial rectus muscle resection were planned in the right eye. During surgery, the lateral rectus muscle was inserted into the sclera at a distance of 12 mm from the corneal limbus. To compensate for this, the lateral rectus muscle was recessed with an adjustable suture. After surgery, the patient showed 8-10 prism diopters of exotropia. A 2-mm recession was achieved by suturing. After surgery, the patient did not show exotropia, while after 3 months of follow-up the patient showed about 4 prism diopters of esotropia. Conclusions: Despite abnormal attachment of an extraocular muscle, it is possible to obtain a good cosmetic result if the surgery is performed according to the preoperative plan. Suturing can be helpful if the surgical field is difficult to secure during the surgery.

Enterococcus faecalis의 퀴놀론 내성 유전자 변이 및 독성인자 유전자 분석

이승하(Seung Ha Lee),노광명(Gwang Myeong Noh),이상준(Sang Joon Lee) 대한안과학회 2021 대한안과학회지 Vol.62 No.2

목적: 안내염을 초래할 수 있는 원인 균주 중 하나인 Enterococcus faecalis의 3가지 퀴놀론 약제에 대한 내성률, 내성 유전자 변이 양상과 독성인자 유전자의 존재를 알아보고자 했다. 대상과 방법: 2014년 4월 1일부터 2018년 1월 16일까지 고신대학교 복음병원 안과를 방문하여 유리체절제술, 백내장수술, 안구내주입술을 한 208명의 416안에서 결막상재균을 동정하였다. 각막염, 안내염에서 동정된 E. faecalis도 연구 대상에 포함했다. 결막상재균은 양안 하부 결막낭에서 표본을 채취했고, 각막염, 안내염 환자는 각각 각막과 유리체에서 채취했다. 표본을 배양하여 분리된 E. faecalis를 대상으로 약제 감수성, 유전자 염기서열 변이 및 독성인자 유전자를 확인했다. 결과: 결막 채취 표본에서 342균주가 동정되었고 이 중 E. faecalis는 6균주였다. 각막염의 2균주, 안내염에서 8균주를 포함하여 총 16균주로 연구를 진행했다. 16균주 중 6개에서 퀴놀론 약제 내성을 보였다. 유전자 변이는 주로 gyrA, parC에 점 돌연변이가 관찰되었다. 독성인자 유전자 분석 결과 esp, efba, asa1, ace, cylA, gelE를 가지고 있었으며 퀴놀론 내성균과 감수성 균의 차이는 없었다. 젤라틴분해효소 활성 검사 결과 모든 균에서 음성이었다. 결론: E. faecalis에서 37.5%의 퀴놀론 항균제 내성률을 보였다. gyrA, parC 두 유전자 변이가 있는 경우 높은 내성을 보였다. esp, efba, asa1, ace, cylA, gelE 유전자를 독성인자로 가지고 있었다. Purpose: To investigate the resistance rate of Enterococcus faecalis which is one of the causative strains of endophthalmitis to three fluoroquinolone drugs, the quinolone resistance gene mutation patterns, and the presence of virulence factor genes. Methods: Between April 1, 2014, and January 16, 2018, 416 eyes of 208 patients undergoing cataract surgery, intravitreal injection, or vitrectomy were examined to identify conjunctival commensals. Patients with infective keratitis and infective endophthalmitis were also examined for the presence of E. faecalis. Before the procedure and surgery, samples for identification of conjunctival commensals were collected from the lower conjunctival sac of both eyes. In addition, corneal and vitreous specimens were collected from patients with keratitis and endophthalmitis, respectively. E. faecalis isolated by culturing the samples was tested for drug susceptibility, the presence of gene sequence mutations, and virulence factor genes. Results: In total, 342 strains were identified in samples from the conjunctiva and included six isolates of E. faecalis. The study was conducted with a total of 16 isolates of E. faecalis, including two from cases of keratitis and eight from cases of endophthalmitis. Six of the 16 strains (37.5%) were resistant to quinolone antibiotics. Point mutations were detected mainly in gyrA and parC. The virulence factors esp, efba, asa1, ace, cylA, and gelE were present in the strains and showed no differences between the quinolone-resistant and quinolone-sensitive strains. Gelatinase activity test was negative for all strains. Conclusions: The resistance rate of enterococcal clinical isolates identified in the ocular area was 37.5%. The increase in resistance to quinolone antibiotics seems to be related to the presence of mutations in gyrA and parC genes. E. faecalis identified in the eye is thought to possess the virulence factors genes esp, efba, asa1, ace, cylA, and gelE.