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김형렬,정상준,강준호,Hyung-Ryul Kim,Sang-Jun Jung,Jun-Ho Kang 한국암반공학회 2023 터널과지하공간 Vol.33 No.4
As the demand for urban underground space increases recently, urban tunnel planning is actively progressing. In the urban area, a underground station is planned in consideration of the living environment of residents, and 2-arch tunnel is applied for the stability of existing structures and reduction of environmental damage. However, since the depth of weak rock mass is deeply distributed in the urban area due to severe weathering, careful planning is required to secure tunnel stability. In addition, if TBM mechanical excavation is applied as the main tunnel excavation method considering the composite ground in urban area, the construction connectivity with the 2-arch tunnel of the NATM concept may be deteriorated. In this study, the design case of applying TBM pre-excavation type 2-arch tunnel for the first time in Korea was mainly described. The main considerations for the segment design of TBM pre-excavation type 2-arch tunnel were explained for side tunnels. Also, a stability analysis was conducted to verify the effectiveness and adequacy of the TBM pre-excavation type 2-arch tunnel.
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김덕인 ( Deok In Kim ),김형렬 ( Hyoung Ryoul Kim ),박해심 ( Hae Sim Park ),박신구 ( Sin Gu Park ),임종한 ( Jong Han Leem ),노재훈 ( Jae Hoon Roh ),김정구 ( Jeong Goo Kim ),윤병갑 ( Byeong Kab Yoon ),김철우 ( Cheol Woo Kim ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2005 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.25 No.4
Background: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is known to be the most common cause of occupational asthma (OA) in Korea. Although TDI can elicit humoral immune responses including specific-IgE (sIgE) and specific-IgG (sIgG) responses, the exact role of these immune responses has not been clearly clarified yet. Objective: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of TDI-induced OA, and to evaluate the clinical significance of TDI-related humoral immune responses in currently TDI-exposed workers. Method: Questionnaire interview for respiratory symptoms was conducted to 170 workers with direct exposure to TDI (exposed group). After screening survey, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for methacholine and TDI bronchial provocation tests (BPTs). Serum sIgG and sIgE antibodies to TDI-HSA conjugate, and sIgG to cytokeratin (CK) 8, 18, and 19 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 170 exposed workers, and compared with 61 unexposed workers in the same workplace (unexposed group) and 75 unexposed healthy controls(healthy control group). Result: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained symptoms of OA, and 7 of 11 symptomatic workers showed positive airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (4.1%). One worker with spray-painting job was confirmed as having TDI-induced asthma by showing positive responses to both methacholine and TDI BPTs. The prevalence of sIgG to TDI-HSA conjugate was significantly higher in TDI-exposed workers (10.1%) than in unexposed workers (0%) and healthy control (2.7%). However, no significant difference was noted between symptomatic (18.2%) and asymptomatic workers (9.5%) among the exposed group. The prevalences of sIgE to TDI-HSA conjugate and sIgG to CK 8, 18, 19 were not significantly different between the three groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of TDI-induced OA was noted to 0.58% in the current working environments. The clinical significance of TDI-induced humoral immune responses may be clarified by further prospective studies. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;25:276-283)
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김형렬 ( Kim Hyung Yul ) 한국정책연구원 2009 한국정책논집 Vol.9 No.-
이 글은 합리성의 개념을 바탕으로 통합적 리더십을 논의하는데 그 목적이 있다. 일반적으로 합리성을 완전한 합리성, 제한적 합리성 및 탈합리성으로 구분할 수 있는데, 이들을 종합한다는 의미에서 필자는 통합적 합리성을 제시한다. 통합적 합리성은 완전한 합리성을 추구하면서 상황적 맥락에 따라 제한적 합리성과 탈합리성을 수렴하는 인지과정이라고 정의 한다. 이러한 인지과정을 바탕으로 지도자는 체계구성원의 다양한 요구를 종합적으로 수렴하여 체계목표를 달성케 하는 능력이 통합적 리더십이다. CE의 관점에서 통합적 리더십은 적어도 국민의 2/3 이상이 동의할 수 있는 바탕에서 정책을 결정ㆍ집행하는 능력을 의미한다. 한국적 상황에서 CE의 통합적 리더십을 효과적으로 확보하기 위해서는 토론문화가 정착되어야 하며, 선거제도, 행정제도 및 교육제도의 개혁이 전제되어야 한다. 아울러 CE는 신뢰성과 청렴성을 바탕으로 하인의 자세로 균형된 인사관리를 하면서 창의적인 정책과 사업을 추진할 수 있어야 통합적 리더십의 효과성을 달성할 수 있다. The paper is aimed at examining integrated leadership in terms of integrated rationality. Rationality may be divided into perfect, bounded and deviated rationalities, all of which, the author suggests, can be unified as integrated rationality. Integrated rationality is defined as cognitive process of pursuing perfect rationality while accepting both bounded and deviated rationalities. Within its framework, a leader can exercise his or her leadership to attain the system’s goals on the basis of comprehending diverse demands of the members of organizational members. From the standpoint of CE, integrated leadership implies that it is supported by more than two-thirds of the people, thereby enabling CE to make and implement governmental policies effectively. For the leadership to be effective in the Korean situation, there should be such preconditions as prevalence of discursive culture, both electoral and administrative reforms and change of the educational system. In addition, CE needs to show servant’s behavior while maintaining balanced personnel management and implementing creative policies and programs.
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중·고등학교 도덕과 교과서에 나타난 민주 시민상의 변천 : 제3차 교육과정부터 2015 개정 교육과정까지
김형렬(Kim, Hyungryeol),유가현(Yu, Kahyeon),정진리(Jung, Jilli) 한국도덕윤리과교육학회 2020 도덕윤리과교육 Vol.- No.69
본 연구는 우리나라의 중등 도덕과가 목표로 하는 이상적인 민주시민의 모습, 즉, ‘민주시민상(民主 市民象)’의 교육과정 개정기에 따른 변천을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 제3차 교육과정부터 2015 개정 교육과정까지의 중·고등학교 교과서 37권을 대상으로 민주 시민상 관련 내용이 포함된 단원들의 서술을 분석하였다. 분석의 틀로 민주시민교육의 전통적 유형과 변혁적 유형이 추구하는 이상적인 시민의 특성을 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 교육과정의 변천과정에서 도덕과 교육이 육성하고자 하는 민주 시민상이 전통적 유형에서 변혁적 유형으로 변화된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, 국가에 대한 태도, 법에 대한 태도, 공익과 사익의 관계, 시민 참여, 사회 문제 해결을 위한 변혁적 역량의 다섯 가지 세부 범주에서 점차 민주시민의 능동적이고 비판적인 특성이 부각되어 온 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 차기 교육과정 및 교과서 개정시 도덕과 내에서의 민주시민교육의 목표 및 내용 조직에서의 유의점을 제안하였다. Building upon and expanding the existing theoretical framework regarding traditional vs. progressive approaches for democratic citizenship education, this paper investigates the ways in which the characteristics of democratic citizens have been described in South Korean moral education textbooks over time. To this end, this study analyzes sections dealing with democratic citizenship education in 37 lower and upper secondary moral education textbooks in Korea from 1973-2020. The findings demonstrate that the active and transformative potential of democratic citizens have been increasingly emphasized with respect to several themes including attitudes towards the nation, attitudes towards the law, the relation between public interests and private interests, citizen participation, and transformative social change. On the basis of these findings, we discuss implications for moral education in the 2022 revised national curriculum and suggestions for future research.
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