$1920{\sim}1960$년대 제주시 주택의 변천에 관한 연구

김형남,Kim, Hyung-Nam 한국주거학회 2007 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.1

Houses in Jeju city are divided into separated types and combination types of household affairs space. Other special types are separated-kitchen type. Separated household affairs space type is mostly built. Separated household affairs space type were sitting room + Gopang separate type and separate sitting room type. Combination household affairs space type made from sitting room, kitchen, Gopang and Chabang(Dinning room) put together as space differentiation, also into classes sitting room + kitchen + Gopang + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Gopang, sitting room + kitchen type by combination household cares space type. Separated-kitchen type was one of the special type from separated-kitchen type of traditional housing, and type with continuous. Houses in Jeju city were 3 kan type and 4 kan type. 4kan type was mostly built. ㅡ shape is kept as plan shaped of straight shape, and roof shape is showed as ㅡ shape gathering roof. ㅡ shape + part projection type talls part projecting type as happened in Gopang, and Chabang. Roof is gathering roof, and when it is showed ㄱ shape by Gopang, Chabang, and kitchen are projected. ㅡ shape + total projection shape is one of the room become totally projected by Gopang and Chabang, can be happen with small room or kitchen, and roof as gathering roof shaped with ㅡ shape, ㄱ shape, ㄷ shape, unsystematic ㄹ shape, and various shapes.

경피신경 자극과 미세전류신경근 자극이 $\beta-endorphin$ 과 동통역치에 미치는 영향

김형남,박래준,Kim Hyung-Nam,Park Rae-Joon 대한물리치료학회 1997 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the amount of $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold according to time sequences in applying experimented TENS and MENS(pre treatment, posttreatment, 25 minutes after the treatment). This test was to aim at showing the effects of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold applied to the randomly selected twenty healthy men in their twenties. The subjects were divided into two group(ten for TENS and the other ten MENS). The results obtained are as follows : 1. There was no significant difference in the $\beta-endorphin$ between TENS and HENS(p>0.05). There was no difference in the pain threshold at pretreatment and posttreatment(p>0.05), but there was some difference at 25 minutes after the treatment(p<0.05). 2. The group of TENS in the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ had the highest level of $14.40{\pm}3.098$ at posttreatment, but the level decreased a little according to time passed. And in the experimental pain threshold, the level went to the highest plateau of $2.92{\pm}0.483$ at 25 minutes after the treatment. 3. The group of MENS in the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ had the highest plateau of $14.20{\pm}3.967$ at posttreatment, but the level decreased a bit according to time passed also. And in the experimental pain threshold, the level went to the highest plateau of $2.49{\pm}0.617$ posttreatment. 4. There were some differences of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ in TENS group at pretreatment and posttreatment(p<0.05). There were some differences in the experimental pain threshold between pretreatment and posttreatment as well as between pretreatment and 25 minutes after the treatment(p<0.05) MENS did not influence the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold. This experiment showed that TENS increased the levels of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ at posttreatment and increased the levels of the experimental pain threshold untill 25 minutes after the treatment. Therefore, the time of sustaining pain in TENS group was longer than that of MENS group. Also, MENS showed that it increased each level of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold, but these levels were not statistically meaningful.

다층보 자유단 부위의 열응력

김형남,김영호,Kim Hyung-Nam,Kim Young-Ho 대한용접접합학회 2005 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.23 No.1

An analytical method for determining the thermal stress distributions in a 3-layered beam is developed, which is focused on the end effects. This method gives the stress distributions which satisfy the stress-free boundary condition at the end completely. For verification of the method, a numerical example which was introduced by other researchers is treated. The stress distributions agree with the results of other researchers. The results show that the show and peeling stresses at the interfaces are significant near the edge and become negligible in the interior region.

열팽창 계수 차이에 의한 코팅층의 열응력

김형남(Hyung-nam Kim),조남철(Nam-cheol Cho) 대한기계학회 2014 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2014 No.2

LED와 자연채광을 이용한 하이브리드 조도 제어 시스템

김형남(Hyung-Nam Kim),신동설(Dong-Sul Shin),김희제(Hee-Je Kim) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.11

논문 : 자유주제(自由主題) ; 현직 대통령의 헌법소원능력 (Beschwerdefahigkeit)에 대한 고찰

김형남 ( Hyung Nam Kim ) 경성대학교 법학연구소 2007 경성법학 Vol.16 No.1

캐나다 연방대법원의 사법심사제도에 관한 연구

김형남(Kim Hyung-Nam) 한국비교공법학회 2006 공법학연구 Vol.7 No.5

영연방 국가의 하나인 캐나다는 1867년 성문헌법(Constitution Act)을 제정함으로써 미국과 같은 연방 국가로서 첫 출발을 하게 되었다. 하지만 1867년에 제정된 헌법은 다수의 주들이 연방국가로 가입을 하게 된다는 일종의 조약이나 협약과 같은 성격을 띠고 있었기 때문에 대륙법계의 헌법과 같은 기능을 행하였다고 보기는 어렵다. 미국도 본국인 영국과는 달리 성문헌법을 제정하여 영국의 판례법주의와 정면으로 배치되는 독자적인 법체계를 확립한 반면, 캐나다는 영국의 불문헌법 체계를 고수하면서 의회에서 제정된 하나의 법률의 지위를 가진 성문헌법을 추가한 것이 특색 있는 일이다. 이 논문에서는 과연 캐나다의 법원들도 영국의 법원들과는 달리사법심사권을 가지고 있는가. 만약 가지고 있다면 캐나다의 그것은 대륙법계 국가들의 헌법재판 유형인가 아니면 미국의 사법심사 유형인가에 대한 부분을 집중적으로 조명해 보았다. 캐나다의 헌법은 영국의 불문헌법에다 미국의 성문헌법을 가미한 특수한 형태의 헌법개념으로 파악된다. 이러한 독특한 형태는 연방대법원의 사법심사제도에도 영향을 미친 것으로 인식된다. 즉 미국 연방대법원의 사법심사제도는 주로 시민 개개인의 인권 구제적 차원에서 시행되어 왔다고 말할 수 있지만, 캐나다의 사법심사제도는 국민생활에서 발생하는 헌법적인 쟁론이나 정치적인 의문점을 해결하는 ‘討論의 場’(forum)이라는 차원에서 운영되는 점이 특이하다고 하겠다. 이렇게 본다면 대륙법계의 구체적 규범통제와 유사한 면도 있다는 점을 간과할 수 없다. 어찌 되었건 캐나다의 사법심사는 권리 구제적 기능보다는 정책적 기능이 더 강조된 측면도 있다. 이런 측면은 사법심사의 절차에서도 나타나는데 사법심사를 청구하는 것도 개인이나 법인보다는 정부기관이 문제되는 제정법의 위헌 여부의 심사를 연방대법원에 청구할 수 있다는 점이 그것이다. 그 뒤에 이어지는 본안심사에서의 구체적인 헌법해석의 기준들은 미국의 영향을 받은 것도 있고 캐나다 연방대법원의 고유한 해석기준들도 있어서 헌법재판의 기준이 부족한 우리 헌법재판소에 示唆하는 바가 크다고 하겠다. 결론적으로 캐나다 연방대법원의 사법심사는 영국의 불문헌법과 미국의 사법심사제도가 융합이 되었고 캐나다 특유의 재판절차와 해석기준을 가미하였기 때문에 단번에 정의하기가 매우 곤란하다고 하겠다. 하지만 제정법의 위헌여부에 대하여 사회적으로 토론의 장이 열린다는 점과 사법심사절차에서의 구체적이고 다양한 해석기준을 가지고 있다는 점 등은 우리 헌법학계에 좋은 화두를 제공하는 것이라고 말할 수 있다. As you know, Canada had been a member of United Kingdom and had unwritten constitution like England before 1867. But Canada historically ordained written constitution as United States, moreover established Canadian Supreme Court in 1867. Actually Canadian Supreme Court has had a power of judicial review like the U. S. Supreme Court, which is the most awesome and potentially the most effective power in the hands of the judiciary. In general, judicial review is the ultimate power of any court to declare unconstitutional and hence unenforceable: any law; any official action based upon a law; and any other action by a public official that it deems to be in conflict with the constitution. Canadian Supreme Court applied so variable standards including Object and Purpose standard, to review a statute's ordaining purpose. According to typical review standards of Canada, the court could have made a role to prepare public forum for social or hot issue.

코팅층 두께가 접착층 열응력에 미치는 영향

김형남(Hyung-nam Kim) 대한기계학회 2016 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2016 No.4

자유주제 ; 한국 헌법재판소의 변형결정에 관한 연구

김형남 ( Hyung Nam Kim ) 경성대학교 법학연구소 2005 경성법학 Vol.14 No.1

캐나다ㆍ미국ㆍ한국의 헌법재판기준에 관한 비교법적 연구

김형남(Kim Hyung Nam) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2007 성균관법학 Vol.19 No.3

  Historically Canada had been a member of United Kingdom and had unwritten constitution like England. Canadian Supreme Court has had a power of judicial review like the U. S. Supreme Court.<BR>  Canadian Supreme Court applied so variable standards including Object standard. to review a statute"s ordaining purpose. According to typical review standards of Canada, the court could have made a role to prepare public forum for social or hot issue. So I think it is typical point.<BR>  In contrast. the U. S. Supreme Court"s standards had been so variable and tiny things themselves. At first glance, that looks like it is never comfortable and understandable to find out. which puzzled many scholars and judges.<BR>  Nonetheless U. S. Supreme Court"s Standards are one of meaningful and convincing principles from time to time known as scrutinies.<BR>  Above all, the Korean Constitutional Court"s standards had been known so base-weakened scrutinies. which proved it"s own principles. According to contextual strict scrutiny. when came difficulties to do comparative analysis. unhopefully there were ups and downs to establish review standards of Korean style. but now it will be teaching point to construct its own constitutional interpretation methodology and go over next step, will adapt variable standards to real trial.