B형 바이러스 간염의 검사성적 및 관련요인에 관한 역학적 연구 -의료직을 포함한 직장인을 중심으로-

김주자,한구웅,남택승,Kim, Joo-Ja,Han, Gu-Woong,Nam, Taik-Sung 대한예방의학회 1986 예방의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

To determine relationships of supposed risk factors to positives for HBsAg and Anti-HBs and also relationships of subjective symptoms to positives for HBsAg and Anti-HBs, study of 658 people working in the hospital, university, bank and other office was performed. Positive rate for HBsAg was about 7.9% and positive rate for Anti-HBs was about 20.0%. Odds ratio of HBsAg was high and significant in individuals who are married and who have previous hepatitis B(P<0.001), medical personnel in family, more than 4 people in a room(0.01<P<0.05) Odds ratio of Anti-HBs was also significant in individuals who have previous hepatitis B, liver disease in family, more than 4 people in a room (0.01<p<0.05) No one was positive for HBsAg and odds ratio of Anti-HBs was significant in individuals who have previous HB vaccination. Transmission of HBV may be very closely related to familly aggregation factors.

직장(職場) 채용(採用) 신체검사(身體檢査)에서 나타난 B형(型) 바이러스 간염(肝炎) 검사성적(檢査成績)에 관(關)한 고찰(考察)

김주자,Kim, Joo-Ja 대한예방의학회 1984 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.17 No.1

Primary screening test for serum HBsAg by RPHA from 4,805 persons who were clinically well through preemployment examination for the period of one calendar year of 1983 revealed 476 (9.9%) positive individual carriers. There were no significant differences in distribution of positives of serum HBsAg by age group, profession, or province area. Among positives of serum HBsAg, 356 (74.8%) showed normal findings and 120 (25.2%) showed abnormal findings in liver function test, respectively. Radioimmunoassay was done in 169 positives of HBsAg and RIA detected 10 negative persons who were positive by RPHA revealing 5.9% of false positive rate and 94.1% of sensitivity of RPHA. In RIA profile of HBV markers, pattern I (HBsAg+, Anti-HBe+) was 46.6%, pattern II (HBsAg+, HBeAg+) was 33.3%, pattern III (HBsAg+only) was 18.3%, pattern IV (HBsAg+, HBeAg+, Anti-HBs+) was 1.3%, pattern V (HBsAg+, HBeAg+, Anti-HBe+) was 0.6%, respectively. There were no positives of HBsAg among 10 persons who were negatives of HBsAg by RIA.

一部 農村地域 住民의 罹病 및 診療實態에 調査

金奏孜(Joo-Ja Kim),李貞子(Jung-Ja Lee),朴喜淑(Hee-Sook Park),南澤昇(Taik-Sung Nam) 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 1979 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.4 No.1

만성질환 screening을 이용한 문제중심학습 (PBL) 경험

김주자(Joo Ja Kim),이경재(Kyung Jae Lee) 한국의학교육학회 2002 Korean journal of medical education Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: Problem-based learning (PBL) experiences applied in the field of screening for chronic disease during the course of Community Medicine for the 3rd grade medical students were summarized. This study was aimed to train medical students the health appraisal ability and also the ability for public health education and promotion with health-oriented concept rather than disease-oriented one. And also it was aimed to train students to know what to learn and how to search the informations they need for themselves. Study subject and method: Three to four students in one team spent one and half days (Friday and Saturday) of one-week practical course of Community Medicine. Assigned materials were the medical records which are the files with the results of automated multiphasic screening tests which were applied to generally healthy people. Students were supposed to find, evaluate, solve or manage the real problems encountered from the multiphasic screening test results. Results: The students accepted this self-directed learning process and small group discussion and also health-oriented human approach as new experiences and stimulants.

VDT작업 은행원들의 피로자각증상 조사

이경재,김주자,Lee, Kyung-Jae,Kim, Joo-Ja 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Objectives : To investigate the fatigue subjective symptoms and VDT related risk factors in bank workers. Methods : A total of 2178 workers (62.8% male, 37.2% female) were surveyed with a self-administered and structured questionnaire consisting of 30 fatigue symptoms and other VDT related factors regarding work characteristics, work postures, work environments, personal medical histories, etc. Fatigue subjective symptoms were divided into 3 groups of 10 questions each: a dull, drowsy and exhausted feeling (Group I), a mental decline of working motivation (Group II), or a feeling of incongruity in the body and dysfunction of autonomic nervous system (Group III). Each question was weighted as 0 for 'none', 1 for 'sometimes', and 2 for 'always'. Results : Mean age was $35.8{\pm}7.2$ years ($38.9{\pm}6.0$ in males, $30.6{\pm}5.8$ in females), Mean work duration was $7.7{\pm}7.1$ years ($8.4{\pm}7.4$ in males, $6.5{\pm}6.4$ in females). Mean symptom score in males was $11.0{\pm}8.1$ ($4.9{\pm}3.1$ in Group I, $3.0{\pm}3.1$ in Group II, $3.1{\pm}2.8$ in Group III) and in females was $17.5{\pm}9.5$ ($7.0{\pm}3.8$ in Group I, $4.6{\pm}3.5$ in Group II, $5.9{\pm}3.4$ in Group III). Mean scores were higher in the order of Group I>III>II. Females had significantly higher scores than males in all three groups (p<0.001). Most common symptoms complained of as 'always' or 'sometimes' were feel strained in the eyes' (85.4%) among Group I, 'find difficulty in thinking'(54.2%) among Group II, and 'feel stiff in the shoulders (72.3%) among Group III. In multiple regression analysis, female, non-straight spine at workstation, more VDT work hours, history of physical therapy, glare of screen, overtime work, young age, and non-horizontal elbow position were significantly related with high score of symptoms. Conclusions : More supportive VDT work environment and education for correct work postures for VDT workers are recommended.

스크리닝을 이용한 건강진단후 건강상담이 $\gamma-GTP$의 변화에 미치는 영향 조사

이용진,안재억,김주자,이병국,Lee, Yong-Jin,Ahn, Jae-Eog,Kim, Joo-Ja,Lee, Byung-Kook 대한예방의학회 1997 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.30 No.3

1,281 male subjects who had been examined more than 3 times for regular check-up in one human dock center of the university hospital were studied between 1990-1995, to evaluate the effect of health counselling with life style and $\gamma-GTP$ value between 1054 normal group without intervention and 227 abnormal group with intervention, ages from 30 to 69 years old. Total mean value of $\gamma-GTP$ was $45.7{\pm}40.7$ unit with highest $\gamma-GTP$ value in age group 50-59 on initial examination. Total abnormal rate was 17.7% with the highest abnormal rate of 18.6% in age group 50-59. Initially, the value of $\gamma-GTP$ was significantly different according to the degree of alcohol intake, relative weight and smoking in normal group(p<0.01) not in abnormal group. In conclusion, the value of $\gamma-GTP$ were significantly increasing in normal group without intervention and significantly decreasing in abnormal group with intervention(p<0.05), which suggests the effect of health counselling, such as the recommendation to change the health behaviour.

여성 사무직 근로자들의 결혼상태와 직무만족도

이경재(Kyung-Jae Lee),김주자(Joo Ja Kim) 한국역학회 2008 Epidemiology and Health Vol.30 No.2

Objectives: We wanted to investigate the marital state and job satisfaction of female office workers. Methods: The data was analyzed from a cross-sectional survey of 995 female office workers. Information was obtained about the job satisfaction, sociodemographics, health behaviors, and job-related characteristics. Multiple regression analysis was used to test for the related factors of job satisfaction by marital state among female office workers. Results: The mean score of individual items on job satisfaction was significantly higher in married than in unmarried women(p=0.014). Job satisfaction was associated with stress, employment type in unmarried women, whereas it was related with employment type in married women on a multiple regression analysis (p<0.001; p=0.006; p=0.026, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that job satisfaction is significantly higher in married than in unmarried women and it may be affected by job-related factor like employment type. Further research is needed to establish proper strategies for improving job satisfaction of female office workers.

우리나라 일부 여성근로자에서 초과근무가 피로증상에 미치는 영향

이경재 ( Kyung Jae Lee ),김주자 ( Joo Ja Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2008 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Objectives: To investigate the effect of overtime work on fatigue symptoms among Korean female workers. Methods: A total of 1,875 subjects were analyzed using the structured questionnaire, which was composed of overtime work, fatigue symptom, and background characteristics. Data analysis included multiple regression to test for a relationship of overtime work with fatigue symptom while statistically controlling for demographic and occupational variables. Results: Overtime work was more common in those with shorter work years of 3 or less than in those with longer work years. Overtime work was more popular in day workers than in shift workers. No significant difference of smoking and drinking state was observed between two groups. Subjective fatigue symptoms were significantly higher in overtime workers than in workers without overtime work. In a multiple regression analysis with significant control variables, overtime work was associated with 0.31 more fatigue symptom(p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that overtime work may increase risks for fatigue symptom. Therefore, preventive strategies will be needed to control the negative effect of overtime work on health status of female workers.

일부 사무직 여성근로자들의 카드뮴에 대한 노출정도

이경재 ( Kyung Jae Lee ),김주자 ( Joo Ja Kim ),황정호 ( Jung Ho Hwang ),김강윤 ( Kang Yoon Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2008 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.18 No.2

이 연구는 직업적으로 카드뮴 노출이 없는 일반 여성인구집단의 혈중, 요중 카드뮴 농도를 추정하기 위하여 서울 소재 한 대학병원 산업의학과를 내원한 20세 이상의 사무직 여성근로자를 대상으로 혈중 카드뮴 농도와 요중 카드뮴 농도를 분석하여 여성근로자의 카드뮴 농도의 참고치를 조사하고자 하였으며, 카드뮴에 노출되는 생산직 여성근로자의 건강관리와 건강장해를 판단하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 연구대상자의 혈중 카드뮴 농도와 요중 카드뮴 농도는 연령군에 따른 유의한 차이를 보여주었으며, 연령이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보여주고 있었다 (p=0.007; p=0.002). 흡연에 따른 혈중 카드뮴 농도의 평균값을 비교해 보았는데, 혈중 카드뮴 농도는 비흡연 여성에 비하여 흡연 여성에서 높은 것을 알 수 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았지만, 요중 카드뮴 농도는 비흡연 여성에 비하여 흡연경험이 있는 여성에서 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p=0.012). 혈중 카드뮴 농도와 요중 카드뮴 농도를 종속변수로 하여 관련요인과의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 혈중 카드뮴 농도의 경우는 연령이 유의한 관련변수임을 알 수 있었고 (p=0.020), 요중 농도의 경우는 연령과 흡연이 영향을 미치는 관련변수로 나타났다 (p<0.001; p=0.057). 이 연구를 통하여 카드뮴 노출이 없는 사무직 여성근로자에서 혈중 카드뮴 농도와 요중 카드뮴 농도는 연령이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 비흡연자에 비해 현재 흡연자에서 보다 혈중 카드뮴 농도와 요중 카드뮴 농도가 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 따라서 직업적인 노출이 없는 사무직 여성근로자에서의 카드뮴 노출 정도를 판단함과 동시에, 향후 직업적으로 노출되는 생산직 여성근로자들에 대한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다고 생각되며 향후 보다 다양한 일반 인구집단을 대상으로 다양한 지역에서 연구가 수행되어 보다 보편적인 정상 참고치가 조사될 필요가 있다고 생각된다. Objectives: To estimate the normal range of blood and urine cadmium levels using data from occupationally non-exposed office workers to cadmium in selected Korean women. Methods: A total of 437 women from healthy office workers were analyzed. To analyze blood and urine cadmium levels, blood and urine samples of study subjects were collected carefully and analyzed. Using a structured questionnaire, characteristics of the study subjects were investigated by well trained interviewers. Results: Mean blood cadmium concentration (CdB) was 0.46 ㎍/ℓ (GM; 0.16), whereas mean urine cadmium concentration (CdU) was 0.94 ㎍/g creatinine (GM; 0.37). A significant increase of cadmium levels in blood and urine was observed by the rise of age (p=0.007; p=0.002, respectively). In the analysis of smoking state, blood and urine cadmium levels were higher in current smokers than in nonsmokers. In the multiple regression analysis, the rise of age and currently smoking were observed as a significant factor associated with cadmium level. Conclusion: These findings suggest that mean cadmium level in blood and urine indicated a relatively low level, although the rise of age and currently smoking were observed as a significant factor related to cadmium level. It can be used for the basic data to prevent harmful effects of cadmium exposure among female workers occupationally exposed to cadmium.

사무직 채용 신검에 있어서 간기능 검사에 대한 고찰

신연교,이용진,안재억,우극현,김주자,이병국,Shin, Yeon-Gyo,Lee, Yong-Jin,Ahn, Jae-Eog,Woo, Kuck-Hveun,Kim, Joo-Ja,Lee, Byung-Kook 대한예방의학회 1995 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.28 No.3

This is to analyze and compare the distribution of the liver function test and its abnormal rates of the preemployment screening for office workers in asymptomatic young age groups between female and male. Liver function test(SGPT and SGOT) of 8,184 young adults(2,633 in female and 5,551 in male ) were examined during the period from Jan.1, 1994 to Dec.31, 1994. The results were as follows; 1. Mean level of SGPT was $9.1{\pm}7.6(IU/L)$ in female, $21.0{\pm}27.9(IU/L)$ in male, and that of SGOT was $15.1{\pm}6.0(IU/L)$ in female, $20.5{\pm}26.5(IU/L)$ in male. There were significant differences(p<0.01) between female and male in both SGPT and 5G07 And also there was significant increasing trend(p<0.05) by age groups in male for SGPT, decreasing trend(p<0.01) in female for SGOT, 2. In the abnormal rates of liver function test by the level of cut-off value, there were significant differences up to twice between the lowest and the highest cut-off value in both female(0.4% vs 0.7%) and male(6.5% vs 32.4%) 3. Abnormal rate of SGPT was 0.4% in female and 6.3% in male, and that of SGOT was 0.2% in female and 1.2% in male with significant differences between female and male in both tests. 일개 대학병원에서 1994년 1월 1일부터 12월 31일까지의 기간 동안 사무직입사를 위하여 건강진단을 실시한 $17\sim29$세의 8,184명(여자 2,633명, 남자 5,551명)의 간기능 검사 결과를 분석하여 간기능 검사의 분포와 이상수준을 남녀별로 비교분석하여 무증상 젊은 여자에 있어서 간기능 검사의 유용성을 검토하였다. 1. 연령별, 성별에 따른 간기능 검사의 항목별 평균값은 SGPT의 경우 여자 $9.1{\pm}7.6(IU/L)$, 남자 $21.0{\pm}27.9(IU/L)$ 였으며, SGOT의 경우 여자 $15.1{\pm}6.0(IU/L)$, 남자 $20.5{\pm}26.5(IU/L)$ 각각 남녀간의 유의한 차를 보였으며(p<0.01), 연령에 따른 평균치의 분포는 SGPT는 남자에서만 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), SGOT는 여자에서만 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.01). 2. 각 기준치에 따른 간기능 검사의 이상률로는 가장 낮은 검사실 기준치를 정할때 전체 8.6%(705/8,184), 여자 0.7%(19/2,633), 남자 12.4%(686/5,551)로 1:17.7의 비로 유의한 차를 보이고 있었다(p<0.01). 제일 높게 정한 노동부 고시에 의한 관리한계치로 정할 때의 간기능 이상률은 전체 4.6%(372/8,184) 여자 0.4%(11/2,633) 남자 6.5%(361/5,551)로 1:16.3의 비로 유의한 차를 보이고 있었다(p<0.01). 3. 성별에 따른 간기능 검사의 항목별 이상률은 SGPT의 경우 여자 0.4%(l1/2,633), 남자 6.3%(352/5, 551), SGOT의 경우 여자 0.2%(5/2,633), 남자 1.2%(69/5,551)이었으며 남녀간에 모두 유의한 차를 보이고 있었다(p<0.01). 연령증가에 따른 간기능 이상률은 남자 SGPT에서만 유의하게 나타났다(p<0.01). 이상에서 볼 때 $17\sim29$세 연령군의 여자에서의 간기능 이상률은 매우 낮으므로 무증상의 젊은 여성군에 있어서 일률적으로 간기능 검사를 시행하는 것에 대한 재검토가 필요하다고 사료된다.