선진법가문헌(先秦法家文獻)의 황로사상(黃老思想)비교 연구 -황로학의 정의와 범주에 대한 이해를 위해-

김예호 ( Yea Ho Kim ) 한국중국학회 2013 中國學報 Vol.68 No.-

Numerous studies have been done about HuangLao philosophy from various perspectives. Many researchers, however, are still asking about the definition of Huanglao philosophy is. This is mainly because there is no generally accepted definition and category of HuangLao philosophy. This study attempts to give a more detailed definition and category of HuangLao philosophy, comparing HuangLao theory with Fajia literatures. It is a common view that Xian-Qin Fajia thinkers played important roles in the formation of HuangLao theory. That is, Laozi``s Dao-theory influenced Fajia thinkers, such as Shendao, Shenbuhai, Hanfei, and Laozi``s Dao-theory was applied to the category of a social politics, and they have a chance systemizing HuangLao philosophy ideologically. They accept Laozi``s Dao-theory not mechanically but social politically and they use Laozi``s Dao-theory as the principle and method of rule. This is necessary to understand the chance forming early f HuangLao philosophy, and that shows that HuangLao philosophy extends the rule of a nature into the political category of a human society.

「 황제사경 」 의 도론 (道論) 연구

김예호(Yea Ho Kim) 한국철학사상연구회 2001 시대와 철학 Vol.12 No.2

HuangdiSijing can reinspect formation background and realization time of Huang-Lao Theory debated in the academic circles all during. HuangdiSijing is a new material that can grip academic relation of ancient Taoist and Huang-Lao Theory in the Taoism. HuangdiSijing is composed of contents and form which accept and amend Masters philosophy Fulling first a Taoist concept. Therefore, a Tao concept study in HuangdiSijing doesn`t adopt a assessment method that stipulates thinkers` academic inclanation by school classification diagrammatically. Instead it lets us reapppreciate an atmosphere of pre-Ch`in academic circles by analyzing school`s debated common study subjects. A study on HuangdiSijing offers a chance that can reilluminate meaning of a Taoist concept in ancient Taoist. In addition the study lets examine various and definite form of a Taoist that can be unfolded in real society. A Tao in Huang-Lao Taoist doesn`t mean simply moral culture philosophy, a mental condition and metaphysical philosophy rule. The Taoist is a best category in the public government theory that arms world order establishment. Appearance of HuangdiSijing means birth of political Taoist school typically in Chinese idology-history. The form of thinking in HuangdiSijing afterwards prepared a turning point that develops various contents and form of Huang-Lao philosophy. It is composed of Tao is parallel with Fa and metaphysical cosmos theory in parallel with practical politic theory.

한비(韓非)와 마키아벨리(Machiavelli) 정치 사상의 철학적 입론사유(立論思惟) 비교 연구

김예호 ( Kim Yea Ho ) 한국철학사상연구회 2017 시대와 철학 Vol.28 No.3

This study compares the characteristics of ideas against traditional political theories of Eastern and Western societies, through analyzing the theories of social history and ethics, a major philosophical basis that forms a political and political ideology of Machiavelli. When discussing social history, the differences in perceptions of social and political situations face the main theme of discussion, and in the case of ethics, the difference in perception of human nature is the main topic of discussion. The fundamental perception of social history and morality is ultimately moving toward pursuing different political goals when it comes to expanding into social and political categories, and then also it acts as a fundamental cause of the differing judgments about human ability to pursue it. The difference between the views of the two thinkers on about the historical perspective about linear and circular relation to the change aspects of social histor,y is reflected in the politics of progressivism and the ideology which respects the old in socio-political spheres, and then the moral value of human nature and judgments about the nature of the human being creates a otherness on political method of expressing the active act of human beings, that is legalism and heroism.

『할관자(할冠子)』와 『문자(文子)』의 황로사상 비교연구 -진대(秦代)를 전후한 황로학의 변천양상에 대한 이해를 위해-

김예호 ( Yea Ho Kim ) 한국철학사상연구회 2013 시대와 철학 Vol.24 No.4

Heguanzi and Wenzi are HuangLao literatures that is criticized about truth or falsehood, because of uncertainty of a author and a literature, and because of the complex ideology that mixes the ideology of Zujia. In this study, I sublate there searching method of HuangLao philosophy that vagues the boundary between Zajia, and compare the peculiar HuangLao theory about HuangLao philosophy and Wenzi. I examine the aspect of HuangLao philosophy changing through Qin. Also I compare the characteristic of HaungLao philosophy about the peculiarity of the Heguanzi and the Wenzi that reflect the situation of an age into the theory directly contrasted by Daotheory. The Heguanzi and the Wenzi are the early literatures that form Rujia pattern HouangLao philosophy that can`t understand as the pattern of Dao-fa school. In this study, through two literatures, I study the characteristic of Rujia pattern HouangLao philosophy that combines the Rujia ideology in the category of social politics and that originates in the Dao-fa school and the Daojia.

중국철학 : 직하 황노도가의 정치철학적 세계관 연구 - 『관자』 4편의 도론 분석을 중심으로 -

김예호 ( Yea Ho Kim ) 동양철학연구회 2003 東洋哲學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

The characteristic of a world view in the Tao-theory in the Four Treatises of Guan Zi is to grope for a philosophical idea such as JingㆍQiㆍShenㆍDe in relation to Tao, to unite principle idea composing the world with derailed and material idea uniformly. And the characteristic of epistemology in the Four Treatises of comprehension Tao-theory requires continuous mental culture of a recognizing subject to accumulate Qi With Tao. In the Four Treatises, to emphasize managerial action about Xin, aims at reflecting essence of a matter objectively which a subjective idea of a recognizing subject acts on reasonably. In the Four Treatises, of comprehension Tao-theory abstracts sensible experience by a sensory organ and it applies a reasonable analysis method approaching the essence or principle(Tao) of a matter and a objective thinking attitude of a man, which is stood by a mental culture of inner and calm meditation. Namely an epistemology and a mental culture is groped uniformly in the Four Treatises to consider a general principle(Tao) in the various phenomenon of a matter. In the Four Treatises, a principle(Tao) of a primitive Taoist is a general principle explaining the world order connecting ZhuJia Philosophy, and at the same time it interpret an appropriate principle with speciality, such as a nations ruling order, social practice, rulers` mental theory. The Four Treatises have accepted the various contents of ZhuJia Philosophy in the main primitive Taoism and recomposed. It grope for a realistic method generally to be possible social realization of Tao. The Four Treatises have a meaning investigation in the academic pointing that recomposed variously contents and realization methods of Tao accepting ZhuJia Philosophy. And in them, we can see a pattern of candid academic thought in the Chinese philosophy history. And we have a meaning in that they were written early compared with other classics. The Four Treatises agree to formal discrimination of nature and society accepting the actual politic states of the Age of The Warring States objectively. And, in the aspect of contents, they bore a new thinking pattern of Taoist in the nature and society without qualitative discrimination corresponding with the origin and aim. Though a writing motive of The Four Treaties originates a realization will of Tao of Tao of a actual society under the someone`s politic intention, it is clear that the Four Treatises made the variety of contents and form after that the world of thought.

『管子』 4篇과 『鶡冠子』의 氣論 비교를 통한 원시도가 자연관의 사회정치적 변용양상 연구

김예호(Kim, Yea-ho) 한국동양철학회 2010 동양철학 Vol.0 No.33

본 논문은 『관자』 4篇과 『할관자』의 氣論을 비교 분석하는 가운데 기존 황로학 연구의 문제점을 고찰한다. 기존의 황로학 연구는 대체로 道法論의 범주에서 제한적으로 진행됨으로써 황로문헌들에 내재된 각각의 고유한 사상적 색채를 규명할 수 없었다. 이러한 황로학에 대한 제한된 이해는 秦을 전후한 시기의 중국고대철학사를 先秦 문화의 전수와 유통 과정으로 이해하는 결과를 낳는다. 그러나 황로학이란 시대상황의 변화를 직접 반영할 수 있는 새로운 철학적 개념을 제시하며 후대에 先秦 諸子哲學을 새롭게 재창출한 학문이다. 4篇과 『할관자』는 공통적으로 원시도가의 道論을 계승하지만 각기 고유한 방식으로 그 사회적 확장가능성을 탐색한다. 4篇과 『할관자』는 道와 氣의 소통을 통한 자연과 사회의 유기적 연관성을 강조한다. 즉, 4篇과 『할관자』의 氣개념은 원시도가 자연관(道論)에 대체할만한 새로운 개념을 창출한 것이다. 4편의 精氣개념은, 세계를 구성하는 원리적 개념과 구체적인 물질적 개념을 통일적으로 결합시킨 철학개념이다. 특히 『할관자』에서는 先秦 著作 중에서 최초로 元氣 개념을 제시한다. 元氣 개념은 우주생성의 근원과 원리에 質料的 의미를 더하여 道論에 대한 實際的 解釋을 시도한 것이다. 4篇의 道論은 體道에 필요한 氣를 축적하기 위하여 인식주체의 끊임없는 수양을 요구한다. 『할관자』의 天은, 총체적인 의미에서 一體로 묘사된 ‘天’으로 ‘君主’이자 ‘一人’이다. 『할관자』는 자연관의 범주에서 세계의 근원인 ‘一’을 元氣로, 정치철학적 범주에서 사회질서의 근원인 ‘一’을 군주로 묘사하는 가운데, 天을 자연과 사회를 소통하는 총체적인 의미에서 사용한다. 『할관자』에서 강조한 이상적인 君主(統治者)像은 자연과 사회를 화해시키며 정치적 문제를 해결하는 중심적 존재이다. 우주생성의 근본원리에 質料的 의미를 부여한 4篇의 精氣論과 『할관자』의 元氣論은 후대 황로학을 비롯한 중국철학 발전에 새로운 동력을 제공한다. 또한 4篇과 『할관자』의 氣論은 秦.漢 이래 氣본위의 유물론적 우주생성론을 형성하는 데 직접적인 영향을 미친 철학적 토대이다. I want to study the problem of Huang-Lao thought, comparing and analyzing its the Qi-theory about The Four Treatises of Guan Zi and He-guan-zi in this thesis. Because the established Huang-Lao thought is limited in Dao-Fa theory, we can't examine its own theory color in Huang-Lao literatures. This ristricted comprehension about Huang-Lao theory is connected the cultural transmission and the circulation of the old chinese philosophy in pre-Qin. But Huang-Lao thought paved the way for its theory to reproduce pre-Qin all classes of philosophers newly, through the theory development in the change of the phases of the age. The Four Treatises of Guan Zi and He-guan-zi succeed to the Dao-theory of ancient Daoist commonly, and of its own method, they search for the possibility of the social expansion. The Four Treatises of Guan Zi and He-guan-zi emphasizes on the organic relation and communication of the nature and society in Dao and Qi. Namely, The Qi concept of The Four Treatises of Guan Zi and He-guan-zi, it produces the new concept that substitutes the natural view(Dao-theory) of the ancient Daoism and it grows. The Jing-Qi concept in the Four Treatises of Guan Zi is to grope for a philosophical idea to unite principle idea composing the world with detailed and material idea uniformly. Especially He-guan-zi, it shows yuanqi view for the first time in pre-Qin literatures. The presentation of yuanqi also, tries out the true interpretation on Dao-theory adding material meanings on the origin and principle of a universe formation. And the characteristic of epistemology in the Four Treatises of comprehension Tao-theory requires continuous mental culture of a recognizing subject to accumulate Qi. The ideal ruler image in He-guan-zi is a main being who is compromising a nature with a society and solving a political matter. Tian in He-guan-zi in general meaning, Tian is One, a ruler, and one person. In the nature view, He-guan-zi expresses one of world essence as yuanqi, in the political view, it expresses one of social order essence as a ruler, it uses Tian as general meaning connecting a nature with a society. The Jing-qi theory of The Four Treatises of Guan Zi and the Yuan-qi theory of He-guan-zi that has the meaning of the materials about the original theory of the universe formation, offers the new developmental energy for the chinese philosophy including Huang-Lao school. And The Qi-theory of The Four Treatises of Guan Zi and He-guan-zi, it paved the way for its philosophy directly forming a materialism universe formation of a basic qi since Qin and Han.

직하(稷下) 황로학파(黃老學派)의 정치철학 연구 - 직하(稷下) 황로도가(黃老道家)와 황로법가(黃老法家)의 도법론을 비교 분석하며 -

김예호 ( Yea Ho Kim ) 한국철학사상연구회 2005 시대와 철학 Vol.16 No.3

선진(先秦) 황로학(黃老學)의 형성기원(形成起源)과 변천양상(變遷樣相) 연구(硏究)

김예호 ( Yea Ho Kim ) 한국철학사연구회 2013 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.36

「황제사경(黃帝四經)」과 「갈관자(갈冠子)」를 통해 본 황로학의 전개양상

김예호 ( Yea Ho Kim ) 한국철학사연구회 2009 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.26

선진(先秦) 황로학과 동양의학의 세계관 비교 연구 - 『황제내경(黃帝內經)』의 도기론(道氣論)을 중심으로 -

김예호 ( Kim Yea-ho ) 한국철학사연구회 2021 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.68

본 논문은, 도와 기의 관계를 분석하며 원시 도가, 황로학, 동양의학으로 계승되는 양생론의 세계관적 전통이 경험 세계에서 실현되는 과정을 고찰한다. 즉 원시 도가의 세계관에서 도와 기는 동질성을 지니지만 엄격하게 두 개념은 구분되고 기는 도의 하위 개념으로 운용되지만, 황로학의 체도론에서는 도와 기는 선·후차적인 관계를 벗어나 등가적 위상을 지닌다. 황로학의 영향을 받은 한대 동양의학의 양생론에서 도와 기 사이의 경계는 완전하게 사라짐과 더불어 기 개념은 다양한 방면에서 인체의 신진대사를 설명하는 주요 개념이 되고 기의 축적을 통한 양생의 방법이 제시된다. 또한 원시 도가철학에서 제시한 양생의 방법은 직각적 체험을 통해 도의 세계에 진입할 것을 요구한다는 점에서 추상적 성향이 강하다. 그런데 황로학의 출현으로 원시 도가의 직관적 체험에 의한 양생의 방법론은 점차 개념화하여 체계화되는 지적 작업이 진행된다. 원시 도가의 양생론은 경세에 관심이 많았던 황로학에 의해 현실사회영역에서 다중이 공유 가능한 형식으로 확장되는데 이는 동양의학이 하나의 학문 체계를 형성되는 데에 중요한 철학사적 역할을 한다. This paper analyzes the relationship between dao and qi, and examines the process of the world view tradition of the theory of yangsheng, which is inherited by Taoism, HuangLao school and oriental medicine, being realized in the world of experience. In other words, dao and qi have homogeneity in the world view of primitive Taoism, but dao and qi are strictly divided and operated as subconcepts of qi, but in the theory of tidao of HuangLao school, dao and qi have an equal status beyond the pre/post-secondary relationship. In the theory of yangsheng of oriental medicine during the Han Dynasty, which was influenced by HuangLao school, the boundary between dao and qi completely disappears, while the concept of qi becomes the main concept that explains the metabolism of the human body in various ways, and the method of yangsheng through the accumulation of qi is suggested. In addition, the method of yangsheng presented in primitive Taoism requires an intuitive experience to enter the world of the dao, which has a strong abstract tendency. However, by appearance of HuangLao school, the methodologies of yangsheng by the orthogonal experience of primitive Taoism progressively conceptualized and systematized intellectual work. The yangsheng theory of primitive Taoism is extended to a multi-shared form in the real-life social domain by real-politically-oriented HuangLao school, which played an important role of thought and history in the formation of an academic system in Oriental medicine.