고압주조법에 따른 ADC12 합금의 미세조직과 기계적 성질

김억수,김용현,이광학,김흥식,김영홍 ( Ok Soo Kim,Yong Hyun Kim,Kwang Hak Lee,Heung Sik Kim,Young Hong Kim ) 한국주조공학회 1996 한국주조공학회지 Vol.16 No.1

N/A Front housings(a part for automobile) were die cast using ADC12 alloy by various die casting techniques such as ordinary die casting(OD), squeeze casting(SQ) and partial squeeze-pore free die casting(POD). Casting defects of those front housings and their mechanical properties were examined and compared. Casting defects such as blowholes and pinholes normally formed in OD method were eliminated by applying SQ or POD techniques. Tensile strength and elongation of die casting produced by SQ or POD techniques were 1.4 and 2.6 times higher than that of ordinary die castings. Tensile strength and elongation of ADC12 alloy front housings produced by SQ or POD techniques were increased by T6 treatment up to 38㎏/㎟ and 2.7 % respectively.

Antiangiogenic Activity of Coptis chinensis Franch. Water Extract in in vitro and ex vivo Angiogenesis Models

Eok-Cheon Kim(김억천),Seo Ho Kim(김서호),Jin-Ho Lee(이진호),Tack-Joong Kim(김택중) 한국생명과학회 2017 생명과학회지 Vol.27 No.1

혈관신생, 즉 새로운 혈관형성은 종양의 성장과 전이에 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있으며, 암 치료에 중요한 목표물이 되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 황련 냉수추출물의 혈관신생 억제작용의 효과를 밝히고 항암제로서의 가능성을 평가하고자 한다. Ex vivo rat aortic ring assay 실험결과 신생혈관성장을 억제하는 결과를 확인하였고, 이것을 통해 황련 냉수추출물이 혈관신생과정의 주요한 단계와 내피세포의 증식, 이동, 침투, 혈관내피세포자극인자에 의한 반응으로 모세관 모양의 관 형성작용을 억제함을 알아내었다. 또한 황련 냉수추출물을 처리하였을 때, 세포주기가 억제되고 VEGF에 의한 반응으로 인해 G0/G1 주기에서 S 주기로 가는 과정을 예방하고, VEGF에 의해 활성화가 유도되는 MMP-2, MMP-9이 감소되었다. 따라서 이들의 결과는 황련 냉수추출물이 종양의 발달 단계중 혈관신생을 방해하는 잠재적인 항암약물의 소재로 고려될 수 있음을 제안한다. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis; therefore, it has become an important target in cancer therapy. Novel anticancer pharmaceutical products that have relatively few side effects or are non-cytotoxic must be developed, and such products may be obtained from traditional herbal medicines. Coptis chinensis Franch. is an herb used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and diabetes. However, potential antiangiogenic effects of C. chinensis water extract (CCFWE) have not yet been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the antiangiogenic effect of CCFWE in order to evaluate its potential for an anticancer drug. We found that the treatment with CCFWE inhibited the major steps of the angiogenesis process, such as the endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and capillary-like tube formation in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and also resulted in the growth inhibition of new blood vessels in an ex vivo rat aortic ring assay. We also observed that CCFWE treatment arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, preventing the G0/G1 to S phase cell cycle progression in response to VEGF. In addition, the treatment reduced the VEGF-induced activation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Taken together, these findings indicate that CCFWE should be considered a potential anticancer therapy against pathological conditions where angiogenesis is stimulated during tumor development.

Hot Water Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Inhibits Migration, Invasion and Tube Formation in a Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Model and a Rat Aortic Ring Sprouting Model

Eok-Cheon Kim(김억천),Kiho Bae(배기호),Han Sung Kim(김한성),Yeong-Min Yoo(유영민),Michael Gelinsky(겔린스키 미첼),Tack-Joong Kim(김택중) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

혈관신생의 억제는 암과 같은 신생혈관형성 질환의 치료를 위해 유용한 접근법이다. 신생혈관형성의 핵심인자인 혈관내피세포성장인자는 신생혈관형성 질환의 치료를 위한 주요한 표적이다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 in vitro 분석과 ex vivo 동물 실험을 통해 황금 열수추출물의 신생혈관형성 억제효과를 연구했다. 본 연구결과에서 황금 열수추출물이 혈관내피세포성장인자에 의해 자극된 혈관내피세포에 있어 세포독성 없이 세포의 이동, 침투, 관형성을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 더 나아가 황금 열수추출물은 혈관내피세포성장인자에 의해 유도된 흰쥐 대동맥 주변 미세혈관 발아를 예방하였다. 본 연구결과들은 황금 열수추출물이 신생혈관형성 억제작용이 있고, 이는 혈관내피세포성장인자에 의해 유도된 혈관신생을 억제 하는 잠재적 소재가 될 수 있음을 제안한다. Angiogenesis is essential for the pathophysiological processes of embryogenesis, tissue growth, diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, wound healing, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and tumor growth. Inhibition of angiogenesis represents an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of angiogenic diseases such as cancer. However, uncontrolled angiogenesis is also necessary for tumor development and metastasis. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, a critical factor in the induction of angiogenesis, cause robust and rapid changes in blood vessels of tumors and therefore VEGF constitutes a target for such anti-angiogenic therapy. Recently, since natural compounds pose significantly less risk of deleterious side effects than synthetic compounds, a great many natural resources have been assessed for useful substance for anti-angiogenic treatment. Here we evaluated the anti-angiogenic effects of a hot water extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (SBHWE) using in vitro assays and ex vivo animal experiments. Our results show that SBHWE dose-dependently abrogated vascular endothelial responses by inhibiting VEGF-stimulated migration and invasion as well as tube formation in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model, without cytotoxicity, as determined by a cell viability assay. Further study revealed that SBHWE prevented VEGF-induced neovascularization in a rat aortic ring sprouting model. Taken together, our findings reveal an anti-angiogenic activity of Scutellaria baicalensis and suggest that SBHWE is a novel candidate inhibitor of VEGF-induced angiogenesis.

The Anti-angiogenic Potential of a Phellodendron amurense Hot Water Extract in Vitro and ex Vivo

Eok-Cheon Kim(김억천),Seo Ho Kim(김서호),Kiho Bae(배기호),Han Sung Kim(김한성),Michael Gelinsky(겔린스키 미첼),Tack-Joong Kim(김택중) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

신생혈관형성을 억제하는 것은 최근들어 많은 고형암의 치료에 있어서 매우 유용한 접근 방법이다. 현재까지 가장 잘 알려진 접근 방법은 신생혈관형성의 핵심인자인 혈관내피세포성장인자(VEGF)를 표적으로 하는 방법이다. 다양한 화학예방 물질들을 포함하는 많은 자연의 생산물들이나 추출물들은 그들의 항신생혈관형성 성질을 통하여 악성종양의 성장을 억제하고 있다. 황백은 항종양, 항균, 항염증 및 그외 다른 생물학적 작용을 가지고 있는, 오래전부터 널리 사용되어온 한국 전통 약재이다. 우리는 종양의 성장, 침투, 전이에 있어서 매우 중요한 과정인 신생혈관형성에 미치는 황백 온수추출물의 효과를 연구하였다. 황백 온수추출물의 항신생혈관형성 효과를 확인하기 위해서 혈관 내피세포의 성장, 이동, 침투, 관형성 그리고, 자이모그램 분석을 수행하였으며, 흰쥐 대동맥 주변 미세혈관 발아실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과, 황백 온수추출물은 혈관내피세포성장인자(VEGF)에 의해 유도되는 혈관내피세포의 성장, 이동, 침투, 관형성 그리고, 대동맥의 혈관발아를 억제하는 효과를 in vitro와 ex vivo 실험을 통해서 확인하였다. 또한, 황백 추출물은 VEGF에 의해 유도되는 기질금속단백질분해효소 (MMP)-2와 -9의 활성화를 저해하였다. 본 연구 결과들은 황백 온수추출물의 신생혈관형성 억제작용이 암과 같은 혈관신생과 관련된 질병을 치료하는데 좋은 소재가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. Blocking new blood-vessel formation (angiogenesis) is now recognized as a useful approach to the therapeutic treatment of many solid tumors. The best validated approach to date is to target the vascular endothelial growth-factor (VEGF) pathway, a key regulator of angiogenesis. Many natural products and extracts that contain a variety of chemopreventive compounds have been shown to suppress the development of malignancies through their anti-angiogenic properties. Phellodendron amurense, which is widely used in Korean traditional medicine, has been shown to possess antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. The present study investigated the effects of P. amurense hot-water extract (PAHWE) on angiogenesis, a key process in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. To investigate PAHWE’s anti-angiogenic properties, this study’s authors performed an analysis of angiogenesis and endothelial-cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation, as well as zymogram assays and the rat aortic ring-sprouting assay. PAHWE inhibited cell growth, mobility, and vessel formation in response to VEGF in vitro and ex vivo. Furthermore, it reduced VEGF-induced intracellular signaling events, such as the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2 and -9. These results indicate that PAHWE’s anti-angiogenic properties might lead to the development of potential drugs for treating angiogenesis-associated diseases such as cancer.

Hot-water Extract of Rubus Coreanus Miquel Suppresses VEGF-induced Angiogenesis

Eok-Cheon Kim(김억천),Hye Jin Kim(김혜진),Tack-Joong Kim(김택중) 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.12

약초 추출물을 이용한 혈관신생 억제는 많은 고형종양을 치료하기 위한 효과적인 방안으로 인식되어 왔다. 현재까지 가장 효과적으로 종양을 억제하는 방법은 VEGF-유도성 혈관형성 경로를 목표로 하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 처음으로 복분자 온수추출물의 혈관형성 억제효과를 in vitro와 ex vivo 실험을 통해서 확인하였다. 복분자 온수추출물은 VEGF-유도성 혈관신생을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 ERK와 p38의 인산화, MMP의 활성화를 억제하였다. 또한, 복분자 온수추출물은 VEGF에 의해서 유도된 VEGFR2 인산화를 억제하였다. 이 결과들은 복분자 온수추출물이 VEGFR2의 인산화를 저해함으로써 혈관신생을 억제하고 이것은 혈관신생과 관련된 질병을 치료하는데 좋은 소재가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The interruption of angiogenesis using herbal extracts is now recognized as a useful approach for treating many solid tumors. To date, the best-validated antitumor approach is to target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenic pathway. In the present study, we first identified the antiangiogenic activity of a hot-water extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCMHE) in vitro and ex vivo. This extract suppressed VEGF-induced angiogenesis, the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). RCMHE also inhibited the VEGF-responsive phosphorylation of VEGFR2. These results clearly show that RCMHE may have potential therapeutic value for angiogenesis-associated human diseases through the suppression of angiogenesis and the interruption of the phosphorylation of VEGFR2.

천연분말상 유흡착제에서 유류의 생물학적 분해

김향미(Hyang-Me Kim),김동근(Dong-Gun Kim),박성진(Sung-Jin Park),김억조(Eok-Jo Kim),김홍기(Hong-Ki Kim),김인수(In-Su Kim) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2001 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.-

성상,심리형용사 "좋-"의 결합관계와 의미

김억조 ( Eok Jo Kim ) 한민족어문학회 2015 韓民族語文學 Vol.0 No.69

이 글은 현대 국어에서 다의어로 처리하고 있는 ‘좋-’의 결합관계와 의미에 관해 논의하는 것이 목적이다. 현대 국어사전에 나타나는 ‘좋-’를 검토한 후 말뭉치의 용례에서 결합관계를 추출하여 대립어인 ‘나쁘-’, ‘싫-’과 관련하여 논의하였다. 국어의 어휘 의미연구는 주로 한 단어의 의의 관계에 따라 다의어나 동음어 연구가 주를 이루는데 그 연장선에서 고찰하고자 하였다. 2장에서는 다의어와 동음어에 관해 살펴본 후 ‘좋-’의 사전적 처리에 관해 살펴보았다. 3장에서는 말뭉치에 나타난 결합관계를 주로 검토하였는데 대립어인 ‘나쁘-’와 ‘싫-’를 통해 문형 패턴에 나타나는 공통점과 차이점을 살펴보았다. 4장에서는 이들의 어원적 차이와 의미적 차이를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이 글은 현대국어에서 다의어로 처리되고 있는 성상형용사와 심리형용사인 ‘좋다’를 대립어와 관련지어 결합관계와 의미 차이를 살펴본 데서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to discuss the possibility of treatment as a homonym on a Korean adjective ``johda; good`` treated as a polysemy in present-day Korean dictionaries with regard to its antonym ``nappeuda[bad]`` and ``silta[hate]`` through corpus examples. This study approached the problem from three perspectives, and the results are summarized as follows: First, there is a possibility to be treated as a homonym from an etymological perspective. In other words, the qualifying adjective in present-day Korean language derives from ``dyohda[good]`` in the 15th century, but cannot be used as a psychological adverb in present-day Korean language. Second, in terms of semantics, it is possible to regard ``johda; good`` conflicting with a qualifying adjective ``nappeuda; bad`` as a word to describe the ``state`` of the subject in a sentence. However, ``johda[good]`` conflicting with ``silta[unpleasant]`` is associated with emotion. Furthermore, as an antonym of a psychological adjective ``johda[good]``, a two-place predicate psychological adjective ``silta[hate]`` is possible, but ``nappeuda[bad]`` is not. Third, typical patterns of qualifying and psychological adjectives were different also in the approach by sentence patterns. Based on the above discussion, this study examined psychological adjective ``johda[good]`` treated as a polysemy in relation to antonyms.

국어 차원형용사를 포함한 관용표현의 의미 척도 연구

김억조(Kim, Eok-jo) 한국어문학회 2011 語文學 Vol.0 No.113

The aim of this research is studying the scalar system of idiomatic expression including dimensional adjective in Korean. The Korean dimensional adjective uses from its basic meaning to extension meaning in space domain and has a more abstracted meaning as reaching idiomatic expression level. In the view of evaluating the value category of all lexicons, the idiomatic expression can also have its value category. The idiomatic expressions studied in this paper are from Idioms Dictionary (Park Yeongjun and Choi Gyeongbong 1996/1997) and an idiom list compiled by “"Sejong Idiomatic Expression Search Engine”" of the Sejong Electronic Dictionary, which is distributed by the 21C Sejong Project. The composition of this discussion is that the second chapter shows basic meaning and extension meaning of the dimensional adjective's scalar system. Then, the third chapter shows the three kinds of the idiomatic expression's scalar system including the dimensional adjective. In addition, this paper shows that the idiomatic expression includes both or only one of the dimensional adjective’s supra and sub terms. The summary of this discussion is as follow. The Korean dimensional adjective is used as the basic meaning in space domain. If it is used as the extension meaning, meaning field itself is expanded. As expanding the meaning field, the dimensional adjective having only the meaning of [+SCALE] in the space domain also has the meaning of [+VALUE], so It has the both meaning of positive/ affirmative and negative. It is more abstracted in the idiomatic expression level, so a speaker uses the idiomatic expression for representing positive/affirmative and negative meaning feature of the idiomatic expression. The idiomatic expression having both supra and sub terms of the dimensional adjective is used oppositively, and there is also the case of using both the two 항 as a negative value scalar. In case of having only supra terms, there are mostly many expressions for representing negative feature. Therefore, it is the opposite of case that supra term is expanded to the positive value category in the extension meaning. Lastly, the idiomatic expression including only sub term is small in number and also its content mainly represents the negative value category.

금형주조한 Al-Si 과공정합금의 초정 Si 입자거동에 따른 기계적 성질 변화

김억수(Eok-Soo Kim) 한국소성·가공학회 2004 소성가공 : 한국소성가공학회지 Vol.13 No.7

진공다이캐스팅시 국부스퀴즈 효과가 주조품질에 미치는 영향

김억수(E.S.Kim),김성준(S.J.Kim),이광학(K.H.Lee),문영훈(Y.H.Moon) 한국소성·가공학회 1999 소성가공 : 한국소성가공학회지 Vol.8 No.5