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보문 : XAD 및 FT-IR을 이용한 영산강수계 광주시 유역 자연유기물질의 분포특성 연구
이동진 ( Dong Jin Lee ),전강민 ( Kang Min Chon ),김상돈 ( Sang Don Kim ),정수정 ( Soo Jung Jung ),이경희 ( Kyung Hee Lee ),황태희 ( Tae Hee Hwang ),임병진 ( Byung Jin Lim ),조재원 ( Jae Weon Cho ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2011 생태와 환경 Vol.44 No.4
This study investigated the characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) with tXAD resin and FT-IR in the Yeongsan river system of Gwangju region. NOM fractionation by XAD 8/4 resins was used to classify hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. FTIR was applied to classify functional groups in the structure of NOM. In the XAD investigation, most of the four site-samples were mainly hydrophilic substances. In March, hydrophilic substances were dominant in the Gwangju 1 site (GJ-1), while hydrophilic substances were dominant for the other sites. In May, samples of all four sites were hydrophilic with a vigorous activity of microorganism due to increasing temperatures. The October results were very similar with those from March. In the FT-IR investigation, most of the broad and large peaks were assigned to the aliphatic group, particularly the OH group, C-H, C-H2, C-H3, and C-O alcohol group. All were related to hydrophilic substances. Other peaks showed the aromatic group, particularly the C=O (Ketone) Group. As a result, there is an identification of NOM in the Yeongsan river system composing mainly of hydrophilic substances and functional groups (OH, C-H etc.) of the aliphatic compound.
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이정수,김상돈 한국화학공학회 1982 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.20 No.3
수직 공기압 수송관(7.8㎝-내경 × 600㎝-높이)에서 시멘트 원료 분말(d_p=23.6㎛)을 수송할 때의 기포, 난류, 고속 및 희박상 흐름 특성을 연구하였다. 공기 유속 및 입자의 순환량이 압력강하, 층의 균일성 및 기체혼합에 미치는 영향을 결정하였다. 층의 균일성을 측정키 위하여 capacitance probe를 사용하였고, 기체혼합정도를 측정키 위하여 tracer를 주입하여서 농도 변화를 높이에 따라 측정하였다. 수송속도는 공기유속과 입자순환량을 변화시켰을 때 압력강하로써 결정하였다. 본 실험에서 기포층과 난류층의 경계속도는 39㎝/sec이었고, 수송속도는 170㎝/sec로 나타났다. 난류흐름층의 균일성은 기체유속에 따라 증가하였으나 기체 역혼합도는 기체유속에 따라 감소하였다. 수직 공기 수송계의 흐름 특성을 결정키 위하여서 흐름 영역 경계도에 대한 실험식을 제시하였다. The flow characteristics, the beds of bubbling, turbulent, fast and dilute phase, have been studies in a vertical transport line(7.8㎝-ID × 600㎝-height). The cement raw meals have been transported by compressed air at various flow regimes. The effects of gas velocity and solid circulating rate on the pressure drop, bed homogeneity and gas backmixing have been determined by measuring the fluctuations of pressure drop. Capacitance probe has been employed in order to measure the bed homogeneity. The degree of backmixing was measured using tracer injection technique. The transport velocity has been determined from the data of pressure drop at various air and particle circulation rates. From the present study, the slug breakdown and transport velocities have been found to be 39 and 170㎝/sec, respectively. The bed homogeniety of turbulent bed increased with gas velocity. However, the extent of gas backmixing decreased with increasing gas rates in the turbulent beds. Equations were proposed in order to construct a flow reggime diagram in the vertical transport line.
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사구체 신염 환자들에게 말초혈액 단핵세포의 Cytokine들의 유전자 발현에 대한 ACE Inhibitor의 영향
김홍수,김상돈,이한민,김승정,마경애,신규태,지석배,김도헌 대한신장학회 1999 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.18 No.1
Angiotensin II(ANG II) has been known to induce systemic and glomerular hypertension, which leads to renal tissue injury and progressive fibrosis of kidney. Some effects of ANG II may be mediated by its effect on the cytokine synthesis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ANG II inhibition on the expression of various cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of the kidney disease. Blood samples of 11 patients with glomerulonephritis were obtained before the ACE inhibitor therapy and then while they were taking ACE inhibitors. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) harvested from the samples, RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the changes in mRNA expression of TGF-β1, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. The ratios of target cytokines and β-actin were calculated. TGF-β1 mRNA expression was decreased in five pat ients after ANG II inhibition with ACE inhibitors, while it was increased in the remaining six patients. ACE inhibitors consistently decreased IL-6 mRNA expression in all 11 patients. IL-10 expression was decreased in 4 patients, and increased in 3 patients after ANG II inhibition. It was not expressed in 4 patients. TNF-α expression was increased in 8 patients, and decreased in only 1 patient. In two patients, it was not changed while on ACE inhibitors. Conclusion:ACE inhibitors attenuate IL-6 expression consistently in all 11 patients. This is the first-time demonstration of the in vivo inhibitory effect of ACE inhibitors on IL-6 mRNA expression in humans. The lack of significant suppression of TGF-β1 in PBMC suggests that the in vivo attenuating effect of ACE inhibitors on TGF-β1 may be derived from renal hemodynamic changes. The tendency of heightened expression of TNF-α confirms the previous investigations in which IL-6 was shown to down regulate TNF-αexpression.
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김영수,김홍수,김상돈,정도영,이한민,김도헌,김승정,마경애,신규태,지석배,안현수 대한신장학회 1999 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.18 No.1
Hematuria is a common presentation of bladder cancer. As medical examinations for health screening are becoming more popular, increasing number of patients are found to have hematuria. When to refer these patients to urologists for cystoscopy is a common problem to nephrologists and a matter of debate as well. In fact, many authors differ in their opinions on this issue, especially in cases of microscopic hematuria. Given the fact that the incidence of bladder cancer varies between countries, it will be reasonable that the investigation strategy for Koreans should be determined according to the studies on Korean people. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed 349 patients who underwent cystoscopic examinations in our institution to investigate causes of microscopic or gross hematuria. Bladder cancer was detected on cystoscopy in 35(15.9%) of 220 patients with gross hematuria, in contrast to patients with microscopic hematuria in whom 2(1.6%) of 129 patients were found to have bladder cancer. Eighty nine percents of cancer patients were male. Bladder cancer was detected even in relatively young patients with gross hematuria, while no bladder cancer was found in patients with microscopic hematuria below 60 years of age. Urine cytology was revealing in 59.5% of cancer patients. Bladder cancer was detected in 71.4% and 76.2% of cancer cases by sonography and IVP, respectively. Urine protein by dipstick was unreliable in predicting the presence of cancer. In conclusion, decision on cystoscopy in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria younger than 50-60 years of age should be made conservatively, while more aggressive diagnostic work up is necessary in patients with gross hematuria regardless of their age.
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