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김동언,Kim Dong-Un 대한소아신장학회 2005 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.9 No.1
The production of concentrated urine is achieved by countercurrent multiplication in the renal medulla. The single effect of the outer medulla is the active NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb, while the single effect of the inner medulla is the passive efflux of NaCl through the thin ascending limb. The passive mechanism in the inner medulla requires a high interstitial urea concentration which is maintained by intrarenal recycling of urea. During the past decade, many transport proteins involved in the urine concentrating mechanism have been cloned, which has enabled us to understand the countercurrent multiplication mechanism on a molecular basis. This review will summarize the locations and functions of the renal medullary transport proteins, and the recent insights that have been acquired into the long term regulation of urea transporters.
소변농축과 장력 스트레스에 대한 콩팥 수질 세포들의 적응
김동언,Kim, Dong-Un 대한소아신장학회 2007 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.11 No.2
Hypertonicity (hypernatremia) of extracellular fluid causes water movement out of cells, while hypotonicity(hyponatremia) causes water movement into cells, resulting in cellular shrinkage or cellular swelling, respectively. In most part of the body, the osmolality of extracellular fluid is maintained within narrow range($285-295 mOsm/kgH_2O$) and some deviations from this range are not problematic in most tissue of the body except brain. On the other hand, the osmolality in the human renal medulla fluctuates between 50 and $1,200 mOsm/kgH_2O$ in the process of urine dilution and concentration. The adaptation of renal medullary cells to the wide fluctuations in extracellular tonicity is crucial for the cell survival. This review will summarize the mechanisms of urine concentration and the adaptation of renal medullary cells to the hyper tonicity, which is mediated by TonEBP transcription factor and its target gene products(UT-A1 urea transporter etc.).
RC 보-기둥 접합부의 내진성능개선에 관한 실험적 연구
김동언(Kim Dong-Un),권우현(Kwon Woo-Hyun),김우석(Kim Woo-Suk),백승민(Baek Seung-Min),곽윤근(Kwak Yoon-Keun) 대한건축학회 2010 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.26 No.2
Although Seismic designed structures are generalized, the joint of RC structures is not only difficult to analyse but also causes faulty construction because of congestion due to reinforcing details. Because of this, seismic performance research of RC beam-column joint is needed to overcome the difficulties of construction in a complicated beam-column joint and improve the seismic performance of the joint. The seismic performance experiment of half-scale RC beam-column joints was constructed to investigate the seismic behavior of beam-column joint subjected to cyclic loading and to create an improvement plan of seismic performance. Eight specimens are designed based on the seismic designed specimens with concrete compressive strengths (normal-strength and high-strength) and variations of joint hoop and rebar anchorage. Each parameter is taken to investigate the effects on the seismic performance of RC beam- column joints.
김동언(Dong Un Kim),오새내(Sae Nae Oh) 한국어학회 2000 한국어학 Vol.12 No.-
이 글은 1999년 발간된 「국어 비속어 사전」의 편찬과정을 소개하고, 사전에서 발견되는 몇가지 문제점을 짚어보고 향후 개정판 발간에 대비하고자 하는 목적으로 쓰여진다. 특수한 선별사전인 비속어 사전의 필요성에 따라, 4년 여의 시간이 걸려 편찬된 이 사전은 약 8000여 개의 올림말과, 각 올림말에 대해 문학작품에서의 용례를 충분히 제시한 것을 주요 특징으로 한다. 또한, 선별사전이기는 하지만, 가능한한 사전에서 갖추어야 할 중요 정보를 구비하였다. 그러나, 정해진 집필기준에 의해 편찬된 「국어 비속어 사전」이지만, 발간된 이후 몇 가지 아쉬운 대목이 발견된다. 비속어의 개념 규정에 의한 올림말 선정 문제, 단어는 물론 구나 속담까지를 올림말로 함으로써 나타나는 품사정보 문제, 비슷한 뜻을 가지고 있는 올림말 사이의 연결 문제, 주어진 용례의 상황에 적절하게 뜻풀이하는 문제 등이 그러한 예이다. 이러한 미흡한 점을 보완할 개정판에서는 컴퓨터 통신이나 북한에서 쓰이는 비속어와 그 용례를 수용하고자 한다.
20세기 초 러시아 동방학원의 한국어 학습서「조선어독학(朝鮮語獨學)」에 대하여
김동언(Dong Un Kim),로스 킹(Ross King) 한국어학회 2011 한국어학 Vol.50 No.-
This article introduces Razbor iaponskogo samouchitelia Koreiskogo iazyka "Tsioosengo dokugaku" [Analysis of the Japanese self-instruction manual in Korean language, Chosengo dokugoku] (1908), a Korean-language teaching aid prepared in Russian by G. Iashchinskii, a student at the Vostochnyi Institut (Oriental Institute) in Vladivostok, on the basis of an (as-yet) unidentified Japanese-language Korean textbook and lectures based on this textbook given by G. V. Podstavin, Professor of Korean Philology at the Institute. The article examines the Cyrillic notation system used to transcribe Korean forms in the manual, and analyzes features of the phonetics, phonology, orthography, grammar and lexicon of this rare textbook for the light it sheds on a form of colloquial Korean spoken at the turn of the last century. The work is unusual for this period in that it records conversational Korean in both Korean script and Cyrillic transcription accompanied by Russian-language translations. The conversations provide a useful glimpse into daily life at the time, including even prices for certain kinds of merchandise. Most of the conversations and example sentences are short and simple, as expected of a language manual for beginners, The Cyrillic renditions serve more as transliterations than as narrow phonetic transcriptions, but nevertheless serve as a generally accurate pronunciation guide, We can confirm initial n-loss, consonant assimilation, and palatalization from the Korean script spellings. Unlike some other Russian-language materials of the period, this work treats ``ㅈ, ㅊ`` as palatalized; another interesting feature is that ``ㅚ`` after ``ㄷ`` is rendered as ``З`` instead of ``ой``. The textbook yields a number of interesting lexical items, mostly in the sphere of Sino-Korean vocabulary, while some adverbs like ``여간`` and ``전혀`` behave differently from contemporary Korean in that they do not require a negative verb. Because the book consists of dialogues, most of the final endings are either well-known declaratives or interrogatives, but the forms in ``-ㅂ더닛가/-습더닛가`` are unusual. We also find ``-아, -지`` used in a variety of moods, and polite declarative ``-지요``--otherwise difficult to encounter even in other textbooks of the period--appears rather frequently.
분자동역학을 이용한 실리콘(100)표면에 대한 나노인덴테이션 해석
김동언(Dong Un Kim),임성한(Sung Han Rhim),오수익(Soo Ik Oh) 대한기계학회 2003 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2003 No.11
Molecular dynamics simulations of nano indentation on single crystal silicon (100) surface were performed on parallel computer. Silicon substrate and diamond indenter tool tip were modeled by Tersoff potential model. Phase transformation, incipient plastic deformation and the change of incident temperature distribution of silicon substrate were investigated through the change of potential energy, load-displacement curve, the change of kinetic energy distribution and displacement of silicon atoms. Phase transformation and distribution of atoms which have high kinetic energy are highly localized near tool tip. Incipient plastic deformation was found at indentation depth between 7 and 8 Angstrom from the data of load-displacement curve, displacement of silicon atoms and unloading simulation.