OFDMA 시스템 상향링크의 레인징 부호 검출 성능 향상 기법

김기남,김진호,조성준,Kim Ki-Nam,Kim Jin-Ho,Cho Sung-Joon 한국통신학회 2006 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.31 No.6A

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA) 시스템에서 사용자는 초기 레인징 과정을 통해서 상향링크의 시간 동기를 획득한다. 기지국 수신기는 특정 사용자의 심볼에 시간 동기화하고 나머지 사용자들의 심볼들은 동기화된 시간과의 오차만큼 Symbol Timing Offset(STO)이 존재한다. 각 사용자의 STO에 의해서 한 OFDMA 심볼 내에 선형적인 위상 성분이 발생하고, 이 위상 성분들이 합성되어 다중 접속 간섭(Multiple Access Interference : MAI)으로 작용한다. 이런 MAI는 기지국 수신기의 레인징 부호 검출 성능을 열화 시키는 원인이 된다. 본 논문에서는 각 사용자의 STO에 의해 발생하는 위상 성분의 추정 및 보상을 위한 공통 레인징 부호를 사용하는 초기 레인징 심볼 구조를 제안한다. 공통 레인징 부호를 사용해서 각 사용자의 STO에 의해 발생한 위상 성분의 평균을 추정하고 보상한다. 이 방식은 MAI의 영향을 억제하여 기존 방식보다 더 향상된 레인징 부호 검출 성능을 제공한다. In Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, timing synchronization in uplink is accomplished by an initial uplink synchronization called an initial ranging process. The Base Station's receiver synchronizes the symbol timing to specific user's symbol and the other user's symbols have some Symbol Timing Offset (STO). Linear phase shift is occurred by each user's STO in an OFDMA symbol. The Multiple Access Interference (MAI) caused by the summation of each user's linear phase shift degrades the performance of ranging code detection. In this paper, we propose an initial ranging symbol structure with common ranging code for phase shift estimation and compensation. We car estimate the average of phase shift that is generated by each user's STO and compensate this phase shift by using common ranging code. This scheme will suppress the MAI and provide better detection performance than conventional process.

논문편 - 식생활편 : 제주도지역의 식품금기에 관한 조사연구 Ⅱ - 분만기를 중심으로 -

김기남,모수미 ( Ki Nam Kim,Su Mi Mo ) 대한가정학회 1977 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.15 No.1

퇴행성 요추 질환에서 후측방 유합술과 후방 추체간 유합술의 비교

송경진(Kyung-Jin Song),김기남(Ki-Nam Kim),송광훈(Kwang-Hun Song),이준모(Jun-Mo Lee) 대한정형외과학회 2006 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.41 No.4

목적: 이분절 이하의 퇴행성 요추부 질환에서 후측방 유합술과 후방 추체간 유합술의 임상적, 방사선학적 결과를 분석하여 두 수술을 비교해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 이분절 이하의 요추 유합술 및 척추경 나사못 고정술, 감압술을 시행받고 추시관찰이 가능하였던 90명을 대상으로 하였으며 이 중 요추 후측방 유합술을 실시한 환자 45명을 Ⅰ군, 요추체간 유합술을 실시한 환자 45명을 Ⅱ군으로 분류하였다. 결과: 요추 전만도는 Ⅰ군에서 술 전 36.84±8.31°, 술 후 40.58±7.61°, 최종 추시 시 35.73±7.61°이었고, Ⅱ군에서는 31.53±7.09°, 39.11±7.21°, 35.47±7.76°이었다. 골유합은 Ⅰ군에서 45예 중 41예(91.1%), Ⅱ군에서는 45예 중 43예(95.6%)에서 얻었다. 합병증은 Ⅰ군에서 11예(24.4%), Ⅱ군에서는 1예(2.2%)에서 발생하였다. 결론: 이분절 이하의 퇴행성 요추부 질환에서 실시한 후측방 유합술과 후방 추체간 유합술 모두에서 만족할 만한 골유합률과 임상적 결과를 보였고, 두 군 사이의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 요추 전만도와 합병증에서는 후방 추체간 유합술에서 더 좋은 결과를 얻었으나, 임상과 방사선적 결과에 대해서는 좀 더 장기적인 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Purpose : This study compared the surgical treatment results between posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and posterolateral fusion (PLF) with pedicle screw fixation in degenerative lumbar spinal disorders. Materials and Methods : In 45 cases of PLF (group Ⅰ) and 45 cases of PLIF (group Ⅱ), lumbar lordosis, segmental lordosis, bone union and complications were considered to be an evaluation criterion. Kim's functional evaluation scale was used for the clinical results. Results : The average lumbar lordosis in group I was 36.84±8.31° preoperatively, 40.58±7.61° postoperatively and 35.73±7.61o at the last follow up. On the other hand, the respective changes in the average lumbar lordosis were 31.53±7.09°, 39.11±7.21°, and 35.47±7.76° in group Ⅱ. Definitive solid union was obtained in 41 cases in group Ⅰ (91.1%) and 43 cases in group Ⅱ (95.6%). The rate of complications was 24.4% (11 cases) in group I and 2.2% (6 cases) in group II, and a satisfactory functional outcome were obtained in 43 cases (95.6%) in group Ⅰ and 41 cases (91.1%) in group Ⅱ. Conclusion : Both PLF and PLIF on short segment fusion provided satisfactory bone union and clinical results. In segmental lordosis, there were no significant differences between the two groups. However, PLIF was more effective in preventing lumbar lordosis and complications than PLF. A longer term follow up will be needed to evaluate the adjacent segmental degeneration and maintenance of the sagittal balance.

충북지역 성인여성들의 가공 식품 구매행동, 영양표시에 대한 인식 및 활용도

김기남(Ki Nam Kim) ‧,김은예(Eun Ye Kim) ‧,배진아(Jin A Bae) ‧,김명숙(Myoung Sook Kim) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2008 생활과학연구논총 Vol.12 No.2

A survey was conducted to investigate the purchasing behavior of processed foods, awareness and application of nutrition labeling among adult women in Chungbuk area. Subjects included 120 female college students, 93 housewives and 70 dietitians of primary schools. Three hundred questionnaires were distributed from November 2006 to January 2007, and 283 were collected. Processed foods frequently purchased by female college students were "milk/dairy products"(30.8%) and "snacks"(25.0%); those by housewives were "milk/dairy products"(45.6%) and "ramen"(19.65); and those by dietitians were "milk/dairy products"(67.1%) and "chocolate/candy"(14.3%). In terms of the selection criteria when purchasing processed foods, the female college students answered "taste," and both the housewives and the dietitians did "nutrition." Both the female college students and the housewives considered "period of circulation" as the most important element in nutrition labeling, while the dietitians considered "ingredients/raw materials." Both the female college students and the dietitians marked lower reliability scores than the housewives. All of the three groups expressed "Nutrition labeling should be easy to understand" as a demand in the highest percentage. In terms of application of nutrition labeling, 32.9%, 22.5%, and 11.8% of the dietitians, female college students, and housewives, respectively, answered they "always" read nutrition labeling. The proportions who read nutrition labeling were lowest in the housewife group than the other groups. The results showed that there were differences among the three groups in the purchasing behavior of processed foods, awareness and application of nutrition labeling. Therefore, nutrition education according to the characteristics of each group should be provided to improve the application of nutrition labeling.

충북지역 헬스클럽 이용 남성들의 영양지식 수준 및 식품섭취빈도 실태

김기남(Ki Nam Kim),송지영(Jee Young Song),조진숙(Jin Suk Cho) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2011 생활과학연구논총 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study wat to investigate the status of nutrition knowledge and food frequency of male users of health clubs in Chungbuk area. The subjects were 184 males using the helath clubs in Cheongju city, Chungbuk Province. The period of survey was from June 24 to July 23, 2008. For the study the researcher visited first hand 13 health clubs downtown Cheongju, distributing questionnaires, which were filled up and collected on the spot. Majority of the respondents were age 20-29(75.0%) and university students(55.4%). The purposes of using health clubs were ‘keeping fit’ (47.8%), followed by ‘getting in shape’(33.7%) and ‘promotion of health’(8.7%). The interest score in health averaged 3.6 on a 5-point scale, and the interest score in physical development averaged 3.4. Nutrition knowledge score averaged 13.5 on a 20-point scale. Respondents who had no experience to take nutritional education accounted for 57.0% of the total respondents and those who wanted to take nutrition education represented 59.8%. Food groups that taken 1-2 times or less weekly among the kinds of foods were sea weeds(42.9%), followed by fishes and eggs(41.9%), legumes(40.8%) and dairy products(33.2%), comparing with the food groups frequently taken 5 times or over weekly that includes carbonated drinks and coffee (40.8%), midnight snacks (12.0%) and liquors (11.4%). In conclusion, while the interest score in health ranked high, nutrition knowledge score of the subjects were low and they had unbalanced diet. Therefore, nutrition education for grownup males in the community should be required for their health.

소구경강관파일을 활용한 오류동 행복주택 건설공사 시공사례

김기남(Kim, Ki Nam),최성우(Choi, Sung Woo),최형권(Choi, Hyung Kwon),이영현(Lee, Young Hyun),정혁상(Jung, Hyuk Sang) 대한토목학회 2016 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10

교통량모델을 활용한 적정유지관리 방안에 대한 연구

김기남(Kim, Ki Nam),정용호(Jung, Yong Ho),이민재(Lee, Min Jae) 대한토목학회 2019 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.10

고출력 MHL용 구형저주파 구동 방식의 전자식 안정기 설계

金基南(Ki-Nam Kim),朴鐘演(Jong-Yun Park),崔榮敏(Young-Min Choi) 전력전자학회 2010 전력전자학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.5

Polyamine 에 의한 옥수수 Ribosome 의 활성 촉진

김기남(Ki Nam Kim),이용욱(Yong Woog Lee),심웅섭(Woong Seop Sim) 한국식물학회 1993 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.36 No.1

As a part of the study on the relation between exogenous polyamines and various components necessary for protein biosynthesis in the germinating maize seeds, the effects of the polyamines on protein biosynthesis and ribosome activity were investigated. The protein biosynthesis activity by S-30 containing all components necessary for protein biosynthesis was increased by exogenous polymaines, spermidine, spermidine, spermine and putrescine. As the concentration of polyamine treated was increased, the optimal Mg^2+ concentration of in vitro poly U-dependent protein synthesis system was gradually reduced. However, the optimal Mg^2+ concentration of poly U-dependent system containing optimal polyamine was 10 mM regardless of the sort of polyamine. It could be infered that polyamines play an important part in protein biosynthesis in the higher plant, and that the role of polyamines take partially the place of Mg^2+ action. The activities of ribosome and S-100 in protein biosynthesis were increased by 46.7% and 17.7% with spermidine, and by 44.1% and 16.2% with spermine, and by 29.1% and 19.3% with putrescine. It could be concluded that the increase of protein biosynthesis by polyamines in mainly owing to the ribosome activation.

청주지역 남녀 고등학생의 체중관심도가 간식섭취태도 및 간식섭취량에 미치는 영향

김기남(Ki Nam Kim),이화진(Wha Jin Lee),조진숙(Jin Suk Cho) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2008 생활과학연구논총 Vol.12 No.1

  A survey was carried out to investigate the influences of concern about weight on snack consumption among male and female high school students. Questionnaires were distributed to the students in Cheongju from August 16th to August 18th, 2005. A total of 200 questionnaires (male 100, female 100) were collected and analyzed for statistics using SAS 8.2 program. Mean BMIs of male and female students were 21.5 and 20.4, respectively. Forty eight and seventy three percents of male and female students answered that they had high degree of concern about weight, respectively, indicating that females had more concern about weight than males (p<0.001). Major energy-contributing snacks of males were milk, Ramyen, fried snack, ice cream, rice rolled in dried laver in both high and middle concern group, and chocolate, fried snack, Ramyen, ice cream in low concern group. In case of females, major snacks were Ramyen, broiled dish of sliced rice cake, chocolate, ice cream in high concern group, and broiled dish of sliced rice cake, rice rolled in dried laver, ice cream, Ramyen in low concern group. Our results showed that most high school students preferred high-energy and non-nutritive snacks. There was a positive correlation between weight concern and BMI in both gender, and a negative correlation between weight concern and night snack frequency in females. Weight concern did not affect directly snack consumption of high school students. Therefore, nutrition education should be needed to encourage high school students to choose more nutritious snack foods.