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지역적 특성이 포스트모던 이후 엘 · 에이 건축에 끼친 영향에 대한 연구
김광배(Kim Kwang-Bae) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.12
The interpretation of the contemporary architecture has been complicated after the post-modern age. The norms of the modern architecture had been the simplicity, consistency and the straightforwardness. The architects were trained to learn these values presuming that they could understand the universe with a few laws and simple propositions. The totality and the clarity of diagram were pursued while the contingency was denied and the pluralism was suppressed. When the history got abolished, memories got erased, and the architects were forgetting the lessons in the architectural modern movement, a few architects in the region of Los Angeles have developed new ways of approaches and style. It looked somewhat de-constructive judging from outwardly, but there were different notions anyone can notice from the architecture of New York, London and Rotterdam. The city of Los Angeles was the great influence to this subtle difference from any other theoretical approaches of the de-constructivism. The purpose of the study, therefore, is to analyze how the regional characteristics of the city of Los Angeles has affected these designers. The results of this study were as follows. The multivalent and socio-cultural heterogeneity of Los Angeles has caused the designers to develop the creative, optimistic and transcendental design combined with pragmatic and ad-hoc en-formality. Environmentally, the weather, pollution and the hostile urban conditions gave them defensive attitude in dealing with landscape and public urban space. The mobility was another factor that influenced the Los Angeles designers in that the psychological perception of the city is ephemeral. And, therefore, the designers were not looking for the contextual or monumental value in their design.
니켈실리사이드 상대전극을 이용한 염료감응형 태양전지의 물성 연구
김광배 ( Kwang Bae Kim ),노윤영 ( Yun Young Noh ),최민경 ( Min Kyoung Choi ),송오성 ( Oh Sung Song ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2016 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.54 No.8
Nickel silicide was used as a counter electrode to replace the Pt catalytic layer of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device. 50 nm Si/ 50 nm Ni was formed on glass or quartz by sputtering, and nickel silicides were formed by vacuum heat treatments at 450 and 800 ℃ for 30 min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling analysis was used to confirm the formation of nickel silicides. Also, cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis was employed to confirm the catalytic activity, and photovoltaic properties were confirmed using a simulator and potentiostat. The XRD and AES results reveated that NiSi and NiSi2 were formed by annealing at 450 and 800 ℃, respectively. The results of the CV analysis showed that both NiSi and NiSi2 exhibited catalytic activity. The energy conversion efficiencies (ECE) of DSSCs with NiSi and NiSi2 catalysts were 1.31% and 3.86%, respectively, while the device employing the Pt catalyst showed an ECE of 5.49%. This result implies that NiSi2 can replace Pt when the processing condition is optimized. (Received January 14, 2016; Accepted February 28, 2016)
진도-제주도 해역에 서식하는 저서다모류의 분포양상과 건강도 지수를 이용한 저서환경 평가
김광배 ( Kwang-bae Kim ),정윤진 ( Yoon-jin Jung ),오정규 ( Jeong-kyu Oh ),강훈 ( Hoon Kang ),김동영 ( Dong-young Kim ),이동훈 ( Dong-hoon Lee ),임성률 ( Seong-ryul Lim ),손대선 ( Dae-sun Son ),마채우 ( Chae-woo Ma ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2021 환경영향평가 Vol.30 No.4
본 연구에서는 저서다모류 군집의 구조와 생태학적 건강도를 파악하기 위하여 진도 해역과 제주도 해역에서 각 7개씩 총 14개 정점에서 2010년 8월부터 2012년 9월까지 총 5회에 걸쳐 반기별로 저서다모류 군집조사를 실시하였다. 저서다모류의 서식기질로서 퇴적물의 입도조성을 분석한 결과 진도 해역은 비교적 혼합질 퇴적상을 나타낸 반면 제주도 해역은 모래함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 총 14개 정점에서 출현한 저서다모류는 68종, 231 ind./㎡ 서식밀도를 나타내었으며, 진도 해역에서는 61종, 167 ind./㎡, 제주도 해역에서는 62종, 295 ind./㎡로 나타났다. 시기별로 출현종에는 차이가 있었으며 제주도 해역에서 전반적으로 종수 및 서식밀도가 높게 나타났다. 출현 서식밀도의 자료를 이용하여 우점종을 선정한 결과 진도 해역은 Heteromastus filiformis, Ampharete arctica, Prionospio sp., Sigambra tentaculata, Thelepus sp. 순으로 나타났다. 반면 제주도 해역은 Amphicteis gunneri, Ampharete arctica, Prionospio sp., Spiochaetopterus costarum, Heteromastus filiformis 순으로 나타났다. 종조성과 정점 간 유사도에 근거한 집괴분석 결과 정점 5와 6을 제외한 정점에서 진도 해역과 제주도 해역으로 확연히 구분되었다. AMBI 분석 결과 1.2-3.4의 결과를 보였으며, 모든 정점에서 Ⅴ등급 저서다모류는 출현하지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서 진도 해역과 제주도 해역은 지리적 위치 및 퇴적상에 따라 저서다모류 군집이 분포하는 것으로 나타났으며, 전반적으로 시공간적인 큰 변동 없이 비교적 안정된 군집을 형성하고 있음을 시사하였다. Assessment of benthic quality status was implemented along the subtidal areas of Jindo and Jejudo to understand faunal structure of polychaete assemblages and ecological quality of the benthic environment. Sediment analysis was characterized by well sorted of both mud and sand in Jindo, and a little higher sand in Jejudo instead. A total of 68 polychaete species were found at 14 sampling stations with a mean density of 231 inds./㎡, and 61 species, 167 inds./㎡ and 62 species, 295 inds./㎡ in Jindo areas and Jejudo areas. Dominant species found in Jindo areas were Heteromastus filiformis, Ampharete arctica, Prionospio sp., Sigambra tentaculata, Thelepus sp. and Amphicteis gunneri, Ampharete arctica, Prionospio sp., Spiochaetopterus costarum, Heteromastus filiformis in Jejudo. With a help of cluster analysis, it was found that the sampling stations showed distinctive pattern of the distribution pattern and benthic quality status in Jindo and Jejudo except sampling station numbers 5 and 6, respectively. AMBI analysis the results were 1.2-3.4, grade Ⅴ benthic polychaetes did not appear. It was evident that both Jindo and Jejudo had different sedimentary characteristics as well as distribution pattern of polychaete assemblages.
지상기준점측량 적용을 위한 Network-RTK 측량 정확도 평가
김광배(Kim, Kwang Bae),이창경(Lee, Chang Kyung),안성(An, Seong) 대한공간정보학회 2014 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.22 No.4
본 연구는 2007년 이래 국토지리정보원에서 제공하고 있는 Network-RTK(VRS) 측량을 항공사진도화에 필요한 지상기준점측량에 적용하기 위하여 그 정확도를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 세계측지계(ITRF2000)에 근거하여 국가기준점을 고정한 상대측위방식 Static GNSS 측량으로 지상기준점(GCP)을 측정하여 이를 정확값으로 간주하였다. 2종의 Network-RTK 수신기를 이용하여 동일 지상기준점의 위치를 구한 후, 좌표변환과 지오이드 모델을 적용하여 세계측지계 좌표로 변환하였다. Static GNSS 측량과 2종의 Network-RTK 측량에 의한 측정값을 비교한 결과, GCP위치좌표의 평균제곱근오차는 평면에서 ±2.0 ㎝, 표고에서 ±7.0 ㎝ 이었다. 즉, 지상기준점측량에서 GPS 수신기 1세트로 짧은 시간 관측할 수 있는 Network-RTK 측량은 GNSS 수신기 2세트 이상을 필요로 하는 RTK 측량이나 GNSS 수신기 2세트 이상으로 장시간의 관측이 필요한 Static GNSS 측량의 실용적인 대안임을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of Network-RTK(VRS) survey for applying to Ground Control Points(GCPs) survey required for mapping aerial photographs. Network-RTK has been serviced by National Geographic Information Institute since 2007. On the basis of the global coordinates system(ITRF2000), the coordinates of GCPs determined by Static GNSS survey with relative positioning techniques were regarded as accurate values. The coordinates of GCPs were also determined by Network-RTK survey using two kinds of receivers, and then they were converted into the global coordinates system(ITRF2000) by applying suitable geoid model and coordinate transformation. These coordinates of GCPs were compared with those from Static GNSS survey. The root mean squares error (RMSE) of coordinate differences between Network-RTK and Static GNSS was ±2.0㎝ in plane and ±7.0㎝ in height. Therefore, Network-RTK survey that enables single GNSS receiver to measure positions in short time is a practical alternative in positioning GCPs to either RTK survey that uses more than two sets of GNSS receivers or Static GNSS survey that requires longer observation time.