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      • KCI등재

        A Study on the Lead(Pb) Shield Thickness per Electron Beam Energy in Radiotherapy

        김가중(Ghajung Kim) 한국방사선학회 2022 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.16 No.6

        본 연구는 임상에서 이용되는 전자선 빔의 에너지별 차폐를 위한 최소한의 납 두께를 측정하여 정량적으로 평가하고 기준을 설정하고자 한다. 전자선 에너지별 납 차폐체의 두께는 최대선량 깊이(dmax)와 조직 선량의 기준 깊이인 표면 10 mm 깊이에서 개방 조사야를 기준으로 1차선속의 95%로 감소시킬 수 있는 납 두께를 측정하였다. 측정 결과 6 MeV 전자선의 납 차폐체 두께는 최대선량 깊이에서 1.906 mmPb, 조직선량 기준깊이(10 mm)에서 1.992 mmPb로 나타났으며, 9 MeV 전자선은 2.746 mmPb, 3.743 mmPb, 12 MeV 전자선은 3.718 mmPb, 6.093 mmPb, 16 MeV 전자선은 7.300 mmPb, 15.270 mmPb, 20 MeV 전자선은 16.825 mmPb, 25.090 mmPb로 측정 깊이를 조직선량 기준깊이로 할 때 더 두꺼운 납 차폐체가 필요하였다. 또한 16 MeV 이상의 전자선은 이론식보다 더 두꺼운 납 차폐체가 요구된다. This study aimed to measure, quantitatively evaluate, and set the criteria for the minimum lead(Pb) shield thickness per level of clinically applied electron beam energy. The lead shield thickness per electron beam energy was measured using the primary field 95% reduction based on the open field at the depth of maximum dose (dmax) and depth from the surface as the reference depth of tissue dose(10 mm). The measured values were 1.906 mmPb and 1.992 mmPb at the dmax and 10 mm, respectively, regarding the lead shield thickness for 6 MeV electron beam; 2.746 mmPb and 3.743 mmPb for 9 MeV electron beam, 3.718 mmPb and 6.093 mmPb for 12 MeV electron beam, 7.300 mmPb and 15.270 mmPb for 16 MeV electron beam, and 16.825 mmPb and 25.090 mmPb for 20 MeV electron beam. Consequently, a thicker lead shield was required if the measurement was at 10 mm. The required lead shield thickness was also higher than that of the theoretical formula for electron beams of ≥ 16 MeV.

      • KCI등재

        호흡보정 PET/CT의 유용성에 관한 연구

        기진(Kim, Ki-Jin),배석환(Bae, Seok-Hwan),김가중(Kim, Ga-Jung) 한국산학기술학회 2011 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.12 No.5

        PET/CT촬영 시 호흡에 의해 병소의 움직임으로 인한 영상의 왜곡이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는본원에서 보유 하고 있는 호흡보정 Plumonary Toolkit을 이용한 폐결절부위를 영상화 함으로써 보정을 하지 않은 영상과 비교하여 SUV값의 변화와 영상의 왜곡을 어느 정도 교정할 수 있는지 실험하였다. 2008년 5월에서 8월까지 폐암을 진단받은 환자 17명을 대상으로 하였다. 실험결과 Max SUV값은 최소 4.08%에서 최대 43.10%까지의 증가율을 보였고 폐결절 의 평균 Max SUV값은 6.07에서 7.00로 12.16%로 증가가 되었다. 호흡보정 PET/CT의 경우 영상의 왜곡이 개선되었 다. SCC-Adenocarcinoma에서는 호흡보정 전.후에 통계적의로 유의한 수준(P<0.05)을 보였으나 SCC와 Adenocarcinom 에 대한 각각의 비교에서는 유의성을 보이지 않아 Cell type과 관계없이 호흡보정에 효과가 있었다. 실험 결과 Pulmonary Toolkit을 사용할 경우 표준섭취 계수값과 영상에서의 왜곡이 보정되었다. 따라서 폐암의 진단 및 추적관 찰에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. When taking PET/CT, the distortion of the image happens due to the movement of a lesion with respiration. In this study, the experiment was conducted to see if the change in SUV value and distortion of the image could be somewhat corrected by comparing the image which was not compensated with that of the region of lung nodule, compensated with respiration compensation Plumonary Toolkit possessed by this hospital. The records of 17 patients with Lung cancer between May and August 2008. As the result of the experiment, Max SUV value increased by from 4.08% minimum to 43.10% maximum, and the average Max SUV value of lung nodule increased from 6.07 to 7.00(12.16%). In the case of respiration compensation PET/CT, the distortion of the image improved. As there was no significance in the comparison of SCC and Adenocarcinom respectively, though there was a statistically significant level(P<0.05) before and after respiration compensation in SCC-Adenocarcinoma, there was an effect in respiration compensation regardless of Cell types. As the result of the experiment, it was found out that the distortion of standard intake coefficient value and the image was compensated Therefore, the diagnosis of lung cancer and follow up will be able to help.

      • KCI등재

        사이버나이프 Synchrony™ 호흡 추적 장치를 이용한 폐종양 방사선수술의 유용성 평가

        김가중(Gha-Jung Kim),배석환(Seok-Hwan Bae),최준구(Jun-Gu Choi),채홍인(Hong-In Chae) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2010 방사선기술과학 Vol.33 No.4

        본 연구는 사이버나이프 Synchrony 호흡추적 장치를 이용하여 방사선 수술을 시행한 폐종양 환자 48명을 대상으로 전 치료기간 중 종양의 움직임과 방사선수술의 정확성을 평가하였다. 폐종양의 움직임은 종양이나 종양주변에 삽입된 금침의 좌표를 사이버나이프 영상유도 장치로 측정하였으며, 방사선수술의 정확성은 움직임 추적 컴퓨터(MTS)로 계산된 상관관계 오차로 평가하였다. 폐종양의 움직임은 두미방향으로 평균 2.63± 1.87 mm며, 좌우방향 1.13±0.71 mm, 전후방향 1.74±1.16 mm의 움직임을 보였으며, 회전 움직임 정도는 X축 1.66±1.66°, Y축 1.20±0.97°, Z축 1.18±0.73°로 측정되었다. 직선 움직임의 벡터 값은 평균 3.78± 2.00 mm값을 나타냈다. 연구 결과에서 두미방향(p<0.001)과 전후방향(p<0.029), 3차원 벡터 값(p<0.002)들은 종양의 위치가 상부보다 하부의 움직임이 크게 나타나 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 사이버나이프 Synchrony 호흡추적 장치를 이용한 폐종양의 방사선 수술시 상관관계 오차는 전체 평균 0.95±0.62 mm로 매우 정확한 조사로 종양의 움직임을 보상하여 방사선 수술이 이루어졌으며 그 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다. This study evaluated the motion of tumors during the entire period of therapy and the accuracy of radiosurgery among forty eight lung tumor patients who were underwent radiosurgery using the CyberKnife ynchrony Respiratory Tracking System. The motion of lung tumor was measured by the coordinates of a gold acupuncture needle inserted into the tumor or the area around the tumor using the CyberKnife image guided system. Then the accuracy of radiosurgery was evaluated based on the error of correlation computed with the motion tracking system. The lung tumor motion is Cranio-Caudal direction by an average of 2.63±1.87 mm, moved left-right direction by 1.13±0.71 mm, and anterior-posterior direction by 1.74±1.16 mm. The degree of rotational movement was 1.66±1.66° on X axis, 1.20±0.97° on Y axis, and 1.18±0.73° on Z axis. The vector of translation movement was measured to be 3.78±2.00 mm on the average. The results show that directions of Cranio-Caudal(p < 0.001), anterior-posterior direction(p < 0.029), and three dimensional vector value(p < 0.002) showed statistical significance, because the lower side of tumor showed more intensive movement compared to the upper side of tumor. The radiosurgery was carried out by compensating the motion of tumor after accurate investigation of the correlation error with the average of 0.95±0.62 mm during the lung tumor radiosurgery with the CyberKnife Synchrony Respiratory Tracking System.

      • KCI등재

        로봇사이버나이프를 이용한 간 종양의 실시간 움직임 측정과 방사선수술 시 호흡추적장치의 정확성 평가

        김가중(Gha jung Kim),심수정(Su Jung Shim),정호(Jeong Ho Kim),민철기(Chul Kee Min),정원규(Weon-kuu Chung) 대한방사선종양학회 2008 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.26 No.4

        목 적: 본 연구에서는 로봇 사이버나이프의 호흡추적장치(SynchronyTM Respiratory motion tracking system)을 이용 하여 방사선수술을 시행한 간 종양환자를 대상으로 치료 중 실시간 종양의 움직임을 정량적으로 측정하고 방사선 수술시 호흡추적장치의 정확성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 사이버나이프 치료를 시행한 간 종양 환자 24명을 대상으로 호흡추적 장치를 이용하여 총 64회의 시술을 시행하였다. 모든 환자에서 초음파를 이용하여 간 종양 근처에 4∼6개의 금침을 삽입하였고 치료계획용 컴퓨터 단층촬영 영상을 이용하여 치료계획을 세웠다. 매 치료 시 금침의 위치는 치료계획 시 만들어진 디지털 재구성 방사선 영상(Digitally Reconstructed Radiography; DRR)과 실시간으로 촬영되어진 방사선영상(X-ray Image)으로 확인하고, 이 결과를 MTS (Motion Tracking System)을 통해 Mtsmain.log 치료파일 형식으로 저장하여 종양의 움직임을 측정하였다. 또한 사이버나이프를 이용한 방사선 수술 시 호흡추적장치의 정확성은 실시간 금침의 위치와 미리 예측된 좌표 사이의 상관관계 오차(Correlation Error)로 평가하였다. 결 과: 간 종양의 직선형태 움직임은 SI (Superior-Inferior)방향으로 최대 23.5 mm, 평균 13.9±5.5 mm, LR (Left-Right)방향으로 최대 3.9 mm, 평균 1.9±0.9 mm, AP (Anterior-Posterior)방향으로 최대 8.3 mm, 평균 4.9 ± 1.9 mm 였으며 간 종양의 회전 운동 정도는 X (Left-Right)축 회전은 최대 3.3o, 평균 2.6±1.3o, Y (Cranio-Caudal)축회전은 최대 4.8o, 평균 2.3±1.0o, Z (Anterior-Posterior)축 회전은 최대 3.9o, 평균 2.8±1.1o로 측정되었다. 또한 치료의 정확성을 평가하는 상관관계 오차는 평균 1.1±0.7 mm였다. 결 론: 본 연구에서 방사선 수술 중 간 종양의 실시간 움직임을 정량적으로 확인할 수 있었고 로봇 사이버나이프의 호흡추적 장치를 이용한 방사선 수술의 정확성을 평가할 수 있었다. 이를 토대로 간 종양의 방사선 수술이나 일반적인 방사선치료에 있어서 치료용적의 결정과 움직임에 대한 유용한 정보를 제공할 것이라 생각된다. Purpose: This study aimed to quantitatively measure the movement of tumors in real-time and evaluate the treatment accuracy, during the treatment of a liver tumor patient, who underwent radiosurgery with a Synchrony Respiratory motion tracking system of a robot CyberKnife. Materials and Methods: The study subjects included 24 liver tumor patients who underwent CyberKnife treatment, which included 64 times of treatment with the Synchrony Respiratory motion tracking system (SynchronyTM). The treatment involved inserting 4 to 6 acupuncture needles into the vicinity of the liver tumor in all the patients using ultrasonography as a guide. A treatment plan was set up using the CT images for treatment planning uses. The position of the acupuncture needle was identified for every treatment time by Digitally Reconstructed Radiography (DRR) prepared at the time of treatment planning and X-ray images photographed in real-time. Subsequent results were stored through a Motion Tracking System (MTS) using the Mtsmain.log treatment file. In this way, movement of the tumor was measured. Besides, the accuracy of radiosurgery using CyberKnife was evaluated by the correlation errors between the real-time positions of the acupuncture needles and the predicted coordinates. Results: The maximum and the average translational movement of the liver tumor were measured 23.5 mm and 13.9±5.5 mm, respectively from the superior to the inferior direction, 3.9 mm and 1.9±0.9 mm, respectively from left to right, and 8.3 mm and 4.9±1.9 mm, respectively from the anterior to the posterior direction. The maximum and the average rotational movement of the liver tumor were measured to be 3.3o and 2.6±1.3o, respectively for X (Left-Right) axis rotation, 4.8o and 2.3±1.0o, respectively for Y (Cranio-Caudal) axis rotation, 3.9o and 2.8±1.1o, respectively for Z (Anterior-Posterior) axis rotation. In addition, the average correlation error, which represents the treatment’s accuracy was 1.1±0.7 mm. Conclusion: In this study real-time movement of a liver tumor during the radiosurgery could be verified quantitatively and the accuracy of the radiosurgery with the Synchrony Respiratory motion tracking system of robot could be evaluated. On this basis, the decision of treatment volume in radiosurgery or conventional radiotherapy and useful information on the movement of liver tumor are supposed to be provided.

      • KCI등재

        양전자 방출 핵종(<SUP>18</SUP>F)의 감마에너지가 X선 CT영상에 미치는 영향

        김가중(Kim, Ga-Jung),배석환(Bae, Seok-Hwan),기진(Kim, Ki-Jin),오혜경(Oh, Hye-Kyong) 한국산학기술학회 2011 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.12 No.10

        양전자방출 방사성동위원소를 주입한 팬텀에서 방출되는 511keV 에너지의 감마선이 X-선 CT영상에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하고자 한다. 스캔방법은 증류수를 주입(0 mCi)한 기준영상과 양전자 방출핵종인 <SUP>18</SUP>F(Fluorine) 의 용량을 1 mCi, 2 mCi, 5 mCi, 10 mCi로 변화시켜 획득된 영상의 CT 번호와 픽셀값을 측정하였다. 양전자 방출 핵종(<SUP>18</SUP>F)을 주입한 팬텀 영상의 CT 번호(HU) 측정 결과, 기준물(-7.58 ± 0.66 HU), 1 mCi(-9.85 ± 0.50 HU), 2 mCi(-10.27 ± 0.21 HU), 5 mCi(-11.31 ± 0.66 HU), 10 mCi(-13.47 ± 0.38 HU)로 물을 채운 기준 영상과 비교하여 10 mCi에서는 5.89 HU, 5 mCi에서는 3.73 HU, 2 mCi에서는 2.69 HU, 1 mCi에서는 2 HU가 감소하였다. 팬텀 영 상의 픽셀 값은 기준물(-2.70 ± 0.75), 1 mCi(-4.72 ± 0.58), 2 mCi(-6.01 ± 0.78), 5 mCi(-6.10 ± 0.84), 10 mCi(-8.20 ± 0.60)로 기준물영상과 비교한 픽셀 값의 변화는 10 mCi에서는 5.50, 5 mCi에서는 3.40, 2 mCi에서는 3.10, 1 mCi 에서는 2.02가 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험을 통해 양전자 방출핵종(<SUP>18</SUP>F)의 용량(Dose) 증가에 따라 CT번호 와 영상의 픽셀 값은 비례적으로 감소하였으며 감소폭 또한 비슷한 값을 나타냈다. 이에 PET/CT의 정도관리 항목에 양전자 방출핵종으로 인한 X선 CT 영상의 변화 정도와 그에 따른 적합기준을 마련하고 주기적 관리가 이루어져야 할 것이다. This study is aimed to assess the effect of the gamma ray of 511keV energy which is emitted from phantom where the positron emission radionuclide was injected on X-ray CT image. As a scanning method, the CT number and pixel value of the reference image where water was injected(0 mCi), and those acquired by changing the capacity of <SUP>18</SUP>F(Fluorine), positron emission radionuclide, into 1 mCi, 2 mCi, 5 mCi, and 10 mCi were measured. As a result of measuring the CT number(HU) of the phantom image where the positron emission radionuclide(<SUP>18</SUP>F) was injected, there were reference water (-7.58 ± 0.66 HU), 1 mCi(-9.85 ± 0.50 HU), 2 mCi(-10.27 ± 0.21 HU), 5 mCi(-11.31 ± 0.66 HU), and 10 mCi(-13.47 ± 0.38 HU). Compared with the image where it was filled with water, there was a reduction of 5.89 Hu in 10 mCi, 3.73 in 5 mCi, 2.69 HU in 2 mCi, and 2 HU in 1 mCi. As for the pixel value of the phantom image, there were reference water (-2.70 ± 0.75), 1 mCi(-4.72 ± 0.58), 2 mCi(-6.01 ± 0.78), 5 mCi(-6.10 ± 0.84), and 10 mCi(-8.20 ± 0.60). Compared with the reference image, there was a reduction of 5.50 in 10 mCi, 3.40 in 5 mCi, 3.10 in 2 mCi, and 2.02 in 1 mCi. Through this experiment, it was indicated that, with the increase in the dose of the positron emission radionuclide(<SUP>18</SUP>F), the CT number and the pixel value of the image reduced proportionally, and the width of reduction showed a similar value, too. Accordingly, according to the degree of change in X-ray CT image due to the positron emission radionuclide in the quality control item of PET/CT, the proper standard should be established and it should be periodically managed.

      • KCI등재

        영상유도 방사선 치료(IGRT)에 따른 정상 조직의 추가 피폭에 대한 연구

        김가중(Gha-Jung Kim),류준민(Jun-Min Ryu),최준구(Jun-Gu Choi),홍동희(Dong-Hee Hong) 한국콘텐츠학회 2016 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.16 No.1

        최근 방사선 치료 분야에서는 다양한 영상유도 방사선 치료(IGRT) 장치들을 이용한 환자 셋업으로 고도의 정밀성이 보장된 치료가 가능해 졌다. 그러나 환자의 정상 조직에 받는 추가 선량 또한 더불어 증가되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 영상유도 방사선 치료 장치 중 OBI, CBCT, ExacTrac를 이용한 환자 셋업에 주변 정상 조직에 받는 피폭선량을 측정하였다. 결과 팬텀 중심부의 선량이 CBCT의 경우 두부 12.57 mGy, 흉부 20.82 mGy, 복부 82.93 mGy, 골반부위 52.70 mGy로 측정되었으며 OBI는 0.76 ~ 8.58 mGy, ExacTrac의 경우 0.14 ~ 0.63 mGy로 CBCT의 피폭선량이 다른 장비에 비해 월등히 높게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 표면 선량의 경우에서도 CBCT가 다른 장비에 비해 높게 나타났으나 입사 피부표면 선량(Enterance skin dose)의 경우 OBI도 CBCT의 피폭선량과 거의 비슷한 흡수선량이 측정 되었다. The recent radiation therapy field can provide treatment which guarantees a high degree of accuracy, due to patient set-up using various image guided radiation therapy(IGRT) instruments. But the additional absorbed dose to patient’s normal tissues is increasing. Therefore, this study measured the absorbed dose to surrounding normal tissues which is caused by patient set-up using OBI, CBCT, ExacTrac, among various IGRT instruments. The absorbed dose to the head, the chest, the abdomen, and the pelvis from CBCT was 12.57 mGy, 20.82 mGy, 82.93 mGy, and 52.70 mGy, respectively. Also, the absorbed dose from OBI and ExacTrac ranged from 0.76 to 8.58 mGy and from 0.14 to 0.63 mGy, respectively. As a result, CBCT’s absorbed dose was far higher than other instruments. CBCT’s surface dose was far higher than others, too, but OBI’s entrance skin dose was almost the same as CBCT’s

      • KCI등재

        영상유도 방사선치료장치(IGRT)를 이용한 흉 · 복부 종양의 움직임과 외부호흡과의 상관관계 분석

        김가중(Gha-jung Kim),홍주연(Ju-youn Hong),한상현(Sang-hyun Han) 한국콘텐츠학회 2014 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.14 No.9

        본 연구는 자유로운 호흡 상태에서 사이버나이프 영상유도 방사선 치료장치(IGRT)를 이용하여 흉·복부종양의 움직임과 외부호흡과의 상관관계 측정하여 분석하였다. 대상은 방사선 치료를 시행한 폐종양(n=10), 간종양(n=10), 췌장암(n=10) 환자 총 30명으로, 종양추적시스템(MTS)의 로그 데이터를 변환하여 분석하였다. 자유로운 호흡 중에서 폐종양과 외부호흡의 Peason 상관관계는 두미 방향 0.646(p This study measured and analyzed the correlation coefficient between movements of thoracoabdominal tumors and external respiration in a free-breathing state, using cyberknife image guided radiotherapy(IGRT). This study subjects included a total of 30 patients with lung tumors(n=10), liver tumors(n=10) and pancreatic tumor(n=10) who underwent radiotherapy, and the movements of tumors were analyzed using converted log data of the tumor motion tracking system(MTS). In a free-breathing state, In relation to Peason"s correlation coefficient between external respiration and lung tumors in the entire treatment process, the correlation coefficient was 0.646(p

      • CT 영상을 이용한 불균질 조직의 선량보정 평가

        김가중,Kim, Gha-Jung 대한방사선치료학회 2006 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.18 No.2

        Purpose: In radiation therapy, precise calculation of dose toward malignant tumors or normal tissue would be a critical factor in determining whether the treatment would be successful. The Radiation Treatment Planning (RTP) system is one of most effective methods to make it effective to the correction of dose due to CT number through converting linear attenuation coefficient to density of the inhomogeneous tissue by means of CT based reconstruction. Materials and Methods: In this study, we carried out the measurement of CT number and calculation of mass density by using RTP system and the homemade inhomogeneous tissue Phantom and the values were obtained with reference to water. Moreover, we intended to investigate the effectiveness and accuracy for the correction of inhomogeneous tissue by the CT number through comparing the measured dose (nC) and calculated dose (Percentage Depth Dose, PDD) used CT image during radiation exposure with RTP. Results: The difference in mass density between the calculated tissue equivalent material and the true value was ranged from $0.005g/cm^3\;to\;0.069g/cm^3$. A relative error between PDD of RTP and calculated dose obtained by radiation therapy of machine ranged from -2.8 to +1.06%(effective range within 3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, we confirmed the effectiveness of correction for the inhomogeneous tissues through CT images. These results would be one of good information on the basic outline of Quality Assurance (QA) in RTP system.

      • 공작실에서 실내 및 작업종사자의 중금속 오염도에 관한 고찰

        정호,김가중,성기,배석환,Kim Jeong-Ho,Kim Gha-Jung,Kim Sung-Ki,Bea Suk-Hwan 대한방사선치료학회 2005 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.17 No.2

        Purpose : Heavy metal use when producing the block from the workshop. At this time, production of heavy metal dust and fume gives risk in human. This like heavy metal to improve seriousness through measurement and analysis. And by the quest in solution is purpose of this thesis. Materials and Methods : Organization is Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer, and the object is Deajeon city 4 workshops in university hospital radiation oncology (Bismuth, Lead, Tin and cadmium). Method is the ppb the pumping it does at unit, comparison analysis. And the Calculation heavy metal standard level in air through heavy metal standard level in body and blood, so Heavy metal temporary standard set. Results : Subterranean existence room air quality the administration laws appointed Lead and Cadmium's exposure recommend that it is $3{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;2{\mu}g/m^3$. And Bismuth and Tin decides $7{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;6{\mu}g/m^3$ through standard level in air heavy metal and standard level in body and blood. Heavy metal measurement level of workshops in 4 university hospital Daejeon city compares with work existence and nonexistence. On work nonexistence almost measurement level is below the recommend level. But work existence case express high level. Also consequently in composition ratio of the block is continuous with the detection ratio. Conclusion : Worker's heavy metal contamination imbrued serious for solution founds basic part. In hospital may operation on local air exhauster and periodical efficiency check, protector offer, et al. And worker have a correct understanding part of heavy metal contamination, and have continuous interest, health control. Finally, learned society sphere administer to establishment standard level and periodical measurement. And it founds basic solution plan of periodical special health checkup.

      • 방사성의약품 검사 시 진단(CT)영상에 미치는 영향

        이은혜,이예슬,김가중,최준구,Lee, Eun-Hye,Lee, Ye-Seul,Kim, Gha-Jung,Choi, Jun-Gu 대한디지털의료영상학회 2010 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.12 No.2

        This research attempts to qualitatively evaluate the intensity change by radiopharmaceuticals and obtain computed tomography using phantom injected with various nuclide. Cylindrical phantom is used for comparing and analysing the effect on diagnosis image during radiopharmaceuticals inspection. Inside of the phantom, water is injected and computed tomography image is scanned. During nuclear medicine invitro, frequently used radiopharmaceuticals, $^{99m}TcO_4$ 20 mCi and $^{18}F$ 14 mCi, is diluted in the water phantom and scanned in the same method. Traverse image obtained by CT scan is divided into six traverse image in the same slice of each scanned image. CT-number(HU) value of 10 measuring point is measured in 2 cm interval based on the center of the phantom. Measured HU value, based on the water phantom, is compared with the image after injecting $^{99m}TcO_4$ and $^{18}F$. Average scale of water is 2.8~1.6 HU, $^{99m}TcO_4$ is 3.0~1.6 HU and $^{18}F$ is 1.2~0 HU. Average of water is $2.3{\pm}0.17$ HU, $^{99m}TcO_4$ is $2.2{\pm}0.85$ HU and F-18 is $0.7{\pm}0.95$ HU. Based on water, reduced value of about 0.1 HU and about 0.5 HU is acquired from $^{99m}TcO_4$ and F-18. Radionuclide used in nuclear medicine inspection utilizes 100~200 KeV energy and obtains image through scintillation camera and PET-CT utilizes 511 KeV positron annihilation energy to obtain image. What we learned from this research is that gamma rays from these energies used in CT scan for diagnosis purpose or radioactive therapy plan can change the intensity of the image. The nuclear medicine inspection for reducing the effect of emitted gamma ray diagnosis image should be obtained after a period of time considering half-life which would be reduced distortion or changed in image.

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