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비선형 공정을 위한 FCM 클러스터링 알고리즘 기반 퍼지 추론 시스템
박건준(Park, Keon-Jun),강형길(Kang, Hyung-Kil),김용갑(Kim, Yong-Kab) 한국정보전자통신기술학회 2012 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지 Vol.5 No.4
본 논문에서는 비선형 공정을 퍼지 모델링하기 위해 FCM 클러스터링 알고리즘을 기반으로 하는 퍼지 추론 시스템을 소개한다. 비선형 공정에 대한 퍼지 규칙의 생성은 일반적으로 차원이 증가할수록 규칙의 수가 지수적으로 증가하는 문제를 가지고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해, FCM 클러스터링 알고리즘을 이용하여 입력 공간을 분산 형태로 분할함으로써 퍼지 모델의 규칙을 생성한다. 퍼지 규칙의 전반부 파라미터는 FCM 클러스터링 알고리즘에 의한 소속행렬로 결정된다. 퍼지 규칙의 후반부는 다항식 함수의 형태로 표현되며, 각 규칙의 후반부 파라미터들은 표준 최소자승법에 의해 동정된다. 마지막으로, 비선형 공정의 특성 및 성능을 평가하기 위하여 비선형 공정으로는 널리 이용되는 데이터를 이용한다. In this paper, we introduce a fuzzy inference systems based on fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm for fuzzy modeling of nonlinear process. Typically, the generation of fuzzy rules for nonlinear processes have the problem that the number of fuzzy rules exponentially increases. To solve this problem, the fuzzy rules of fuzzy model are generated by partitioning the input space in the scatter form using FCM clustering algorithm. The premise parameters of the fuzzy rules are determined by membership matrix by means of FCM clustering algorithm. The consequence part of the rules is expressed in the form of polynomial functions and the coefficient parameters of each rule are determined by the standard least-squares method. And lastly, we evaluate the performance and the nonlinear characteristics using the data widely used in nonlinear process.
박기민(Ki Min Park),강형길(Hyung Kil Kang),김이수(Lee Su Kim),이봉화(Bong Hwa Lee) 대한두경부종양학회 1997 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.13 No.2
Background: Thyroid cancer is a relatively rare neoplasm and its incidence varies geographically and ethnically around the world. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, but it has a wide spectrum of biologic behavior, histologic appearance, and management. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to analyse and evaluate all aspects of the clinical consideration in thyroid cancer. Method: Between 1986 and 1995, a retrospective analysis of 77 thyrod cancer patients admitted at the Department of Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University was made to assess clinical entities. Result: By the pathological classification, the papillary carcinoma was the most common type(83.1%). Male to female ratio was 1 : 5.4 and most prevalent age group was noted from fourth decade to fifth decade(46.8%). The most common duration of illness between the appearance of the symptoms and the treatment was below 6 months(44.2%), and the most common symptom was the palpable mass at the anterior portion of the neck(96.1%). Most cases of the thyroid cancer were appeared as cold nodule in the 99m Tc-thyroid scan(95.7%). In the site of tumor location, the right and left lobe was distributed similarly. In the extent of tumor, incidence of intrathyroidal location was 41.6%, and that of the metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes was 44.2% and that of the direct capsular invasion was 27.3%, and incidence of both involved case was 13%. Surgical procedures were total thyroidectomy alone in 27 cases(35.1%) or with modified neck dissection in 6 cases(7.8%), or with radical neck dissection in 2 cases (2.6%), near total thyroidectomy alone in 22 cases(28.6%), ipsilateral lobectomy with isthmectomy alone in 12 cases(15.6%) or with modified neck dissection in 1 case(1.3%), and biopsy only in 7 cases(9.1%). The most common postoperative complications were transient hypoparathyroidism(5.2%) and transient unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis(5.2%). Conclusion: The major problem of management of thyroid cancer include a wide spectrum of clinical behaviour of this tumor entity, the lack of reliable prognostic factors and lack of an objective assessment of the various treatment modalities. But because of showing the favorable prognosis for most thyroid cancer, appropriate and aggressive management should be recommended.
화상환자 2,190예 중 균혈증 113예의 균주동정 및 감염경로
이봉화,강형길,성민식 대한외상학회 1998 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.11 No.1
Background: Despite recent advances in intensive burn care, the mortality and morbidity of septicemia in burn patients are still high. To reduce the mortality due to burn sepsis, more efficient and effective systemic approach is required. Purpose: The object of this study is to assess the mortality and morbidity of septicemia according to various factors and to identify the causative microorganisms of septicemia. Method: We evaluated 113 septicemia cases among 2190 burned patients admitted to the Burn Unit in Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital from 1996 to 1997 retrospectively and used x2-test for statistical significance. Result: The overall incidence of septicemia was 5.2%(113/2,190) with the highest rate of 40.8%(20/49) in 70-79% total burn surface area(TBSA). The mortality of the septicemia patients was 47.8%(54/113) with the highest rate of 83.3%(15/18) in 90-100% TBSA. The most frequent agent causing septicemia was Staphylococcus aureus in 37.0%(57 cases), followed by Candida spp. 19.5%(30 cases), Pseudomonas spp. 16.2%(25 cases), Acinetobacter spp. 13.0%(20 cases), Enterococcus spp. 11.7% (18 cases), etc. The mortality rate was 45.0%(9/20) in Acinetobacter septicemia, while 38.6%(22/57) in Staphylococcus septicemia. The causative microorganisms frequently identified were Pseudomonas spp.(84 cases) and Acinetobacter spp.(58 cases), Staphylococcus aureus(39 cases) and Pseudomonas spp.(25 cases), and Staphylococcus aureus(27 cases) and Acinetobacter spp.(26 cases) from wound swab, catheter tip, and sputum cultures respectively. Candida septicemia(30 cases) were mostly identified from catheter tip culture(21 cases). Conclusion: Well equipped burn intensive care unit and the full-time commitment of individuals skilled in all facts of bum therapy are required to reduce the incidence of septicemia and death.
이봉화,강형길 대한외상학회 1996 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.9 No.2
Background: Treatment of perineal burns is complicated by the local bacterial environment and irregular contour anatomically. Purpose: The aim of this study is to know management and adequate treatment for the reduction of complications of perineal burns. Method: Thirty-three patients were included in this retrospective study who were treated by surgical treatment of perineal burns at the department of surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University during 3 years from 1993 to 1995. Result: Age distribution showed that highest incidence of age groups was between one and five years old(10 cases : 30.3%). The most frequent cause of perineal burn was scalding burn(20 cases : 60.6%) and most patients(21 cases: 63.6%) were lesser affected than 20% extent of burn. Depth of burn was mostly between superficial second degree and deep second degree in 11 cases(33.3%) and above third degree in 11 cases(33.3%). Most frequent accompanied burn area was genitalia(17 cases : 51.2%) followed by buttock(13 cases : 39.4%), back(8 cases : 24.2%) and only perianal area was 3 cases(9.1%). Treatment was done that only topical chemotherapy was performed in 15 cases(45.4%), split thickness skin graft in 15 cases(45.4%), full thickness skin graft in 1 case(3.0%), local flap in 2 cases(6.1%). Duration from operation to diet was that 4-5 days in 7 cases(38.9%), 1-3 days in 6 cases(33.3%). The most frequent duration of hospital stay was between 36 and 42 days(14 cases: 42.4%), followed by above 43 days(12 cases 36.4%). Diverting sigmoid colostomy in two cases were performed. Associated diseases were senile dementia(3 cases ' 9.1%), paraplegia(2 cases : 6.1%), seizure(1 case : 3.0%), mental retardation(1 case : 3. 0%), and others. Postburn complications were hypertrophic scar(6 cases : 18.2%), joint contracture(4 cases : 12.1%), urinary tract infection(3 cases : 9.1%), testicular loss(2 cases : 6.1%), anal stenosis(2 cases 6.1%), urethral stricture(2 cases : 6.1%), irritation dermatitis(2 cases : 6.1%), pyoderma(2 cases : 6.1%), impertigo(1 case : 3. 0%). Conclusion: Most of perineal burns are occurred in children or physically hadicapped persons. Therefore, patients with perineal burn wound present a complex array of clinical problem. All peirineal burn wounds should be carefully managed and an aggressive surgical approach is mandatory occasionally.