양격산화탕(凉膈散火湯)의 항염증(抗炎症) 효과에 대한 연구

탁미진,탁명림,강경화,고우신,윤화정,Tak, Mi-Jin,Tark, Myoung-Rim,Kang, Kyoung-Hwa,Ko, Woo-Shin,Yoon, Hwa-Jung 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2010 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Objective: Yang Geouk San Hwa - Tang (YGSHT) has been widely used in Sasang Constitutional Medicine of Korea for treatment of acute inflammatory symptom, such as palatine tonsillitis, polydipsia, headache, papule, pimple however, the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity has not been clarified. In this study, therefore, we investigated the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of YGSHT on LPS-induced inflammation. Materials and methods: The effect of YGSHT was analyzed by ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blotting in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results: We found that YGSHT suppressed not only the production of pre-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-$\alpha$), the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE)2, but also the mRNA expression of pre-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Furthermore, YGSHT was shown to inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 and the activation and translocation of NF-kB from cytosol to nuclear in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that YGSHT exerts an anti-inflammatory effect through the regulation of the ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathway and NF-kB pathway, thereby decreasing production of pre-inflammatory cytokines, NO, and PGE2.

메이크업의 질감 표현에 관한 연구

강경화(Kyoung Hwa Kang) 한국인체예술학회 2002 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Make up Technique has been developed quantitatively and qualitatively so far so that the way of its expression can be specified and diversified. Now, this technique excels the public and specialists have studied creative and unique make up. There are many ways to express make up. Firstly, it can be expressed with color, contour, and material. Color consists of cold color and warm color. Contour consists of line, area, and spot. Line is divided into two parts, straight line and curved one, which can be also specified up, down, and horizontal direction. Area means the regional expression of the face such as skin, eyes, cheeks, and lips. Spot can be expressed by location, size, numbers, and density, which can be also diversified. For example, beauty mark near lips or on the cheek looks sexy. Secondly, whereas unification of color and/or line has already popularized, tactile expression is newly introduced by lip gloss. Material used changes impression of the face. Different use of materials in skin, eyes, and lips expresses tactility differently. In the early 90"s, people emphasize dryness with introduction of Ecology sensation. They prefer soft and moistureless skin and non-glossy type eye shadow without pearl effect. But rapid change on vogue varies the expression by different use of materials like glossy expression using oil and glitters. Therefore, the study for materials of make-up is to give access to the specialists by suggesting specific theoretical techniques with example pictures.

Millennium Development Goals and Education Reforms in Tanzania

Kang Kyoung Hwa(강경화) 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2009 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.26 No.-

2000년 UN 밀레니엄 정상회의는 인간 존엄성에 초점을 둔 새로운 발전전략을 제시하였으며, 이것이 잘 알려진 밀레니엄 개발목표(MDGs)로 2015년까지 달성을 목표로 한 8가지의 세부 계획을 선언하였다. 그 중 두 번째로 제시된 목표는 “2015년 까지 전 세계의 모든 남녀 어린이드이 초등교육의 전 과정을 마칠 수 있도록 하기 위한 보편적 초등교육의 달설”이다. 1948년 UN 인권선언문에서 제시된 최소한의 교육받을 권리에 대한 조항은 그 이후 지속적으로 발전되어 밀레니엄 개발목표에서 전 세계의 정상들은 절대빈곤 감소와 함께 반드시 달성해야 할 목표로 보편적 초등교육 달성을 제시하였다. 본 논문은 밀레니엄 개발목표의 선언에 따른 탄자니아의 초등교육 정책 변화에 관한 연구를 목적으로 하고 있다. 아프리카 내에서도 많은 비율의 해외원조 혜택을 받고 있는 탄자니아의 음파카 정부(1995-2005)는 국가정책의 목표로서, 밀레니엄 개발목표가 적극적으로 도입되었고, 초등교육 분야의 투자는 괄목할만한 양적 성장을 가져오게 되었다. 그러나, 양적 팽창에 가려진 탄자니아 교육 현실의 문제점을 UNICEF와 정부가 실시한 조사, 정부발표자료의 분석과 현지 교사들과의 인터뷰를 통해 직접 들은 내용을 바탕으로 분석하였다. 그 분석결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 도시와 지방간의 교육격차이다. 학교의 건립은 2000년 이후로 30%의 양적 팽창을 가져오지만, 주로 도시에 집중되어 지방에서는 학교와 집사이의 평균적 거리가 증가하였다. 둘째, 무단결석에 따른 유급과 제적 문제이다. 물론 매년 학생수가 상당히 증가하고 있는 것은 사실이지만, 유급과 제적 비율 또한 꾸준히 약 10%를 유지하고 있다. 가장 큰 문제점으로 제시된 무단결석은 어떠한 대안도 제시되지 못하는 실정이다. 마지막으로, 여러 데이터의 분석을 통해 나타난 결과는 양적인 팽창에 비해 교육의 질적인 측면이 상대적으로 간과되고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 교사와 학생간의 비율, 학생과 교과서 비율 역시 개선되는 모습을 보이고 있지 않다. 밀레니엄 개발목표가 탄자니아 교육 정책에 일부 긍정적인 요소를 제공하였다는 사실은 무시할 수 없다. 하지만. 지나친 성과 위주의 정책이 학생들이 중심이 되야 할 교육에 오점을 남기고 있다. 탄자니아 정부는 밀레니엄 개발목표의 두 번째 비전을 2015년까지 성공적으로 달성하는데 있어서는 양적인 팽창뿐만 아니라 질적인 부분도 간과해서는 안될 것이다. 향후 탄자니아 정부는 교육전략 수립에 있어서 이러한 질적인 면을 어떤 식으로 향상시켜 나갈지에 대한 진지한 고민이 필요하다. The United Nations Millennium Summit was held in September 2000 and all 189 member countries of the General Assembly agreed to a resolution which stipulates the establishment of eight world goals to be achieved by 2015. These goals are collectively known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The second goal of the MDGs emphasizes on education, to create opportunities for individuals to seek better livelihoods and healthier lives, and that is to achieve universal primary education. The United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights of l948 states that access to a minimum level of education is the basic right of every human being. Ensuring this fundamental right is an important part of creating a global community. Finally, at the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000, world leaders set a goal to achieve universal primary education by 2015. This research will analyze the interrelationship between the education reform measures spurred by the MDGs, and the improvement of education in the field. The MDGs charter has been the path for Tanzania's current process toward development, poverty reduction and educational reforms. During the Mkapa government (1995-2009), education was put at the heart of the national strategies for combating poverty and achieving quality of life. As a result, primary education has achieved a visible development in terms of quantity. However, these positive statistics cannot hide some problems in Tanzania's education. First of all, the average distance between the school and the house increased after the 1992 HBS survey. Unlike urban areas, rural areas witness the longer distance since 2000. The current education policies have actually widened the gap between urban and rural areas. Secondly, Repetition Rate (RR) and Dropout Rate (DR) are still high in 2007/08, which is almost the same as in 2003/04. There is not striking improvement of transition rates in primary school since 2003. Truancy is an important issue in primary schools. Lastly, the indicators measuring quality standards in education are not sufficient. For example, the teacher/pupil ratio has not been strikingly improved. The ratio of teacher/pupil is still higher, and the situation is not getting better than before. This still stands far from good quality education. In 2005, at the Conference of Africa Forum & Network on Debt & Development, the former present of Mkapa was proud of the success of primary education policy. With the help of ODA offered by international organization, his government has actually achieved a considerable development in the education sector. Nevertheless, the government policies supported by the MDGs and its sister policy - the Universal Primary Education - has not fully brought successful improvement of Tanzania's education in terms of the qualitative aspects. Tanzania government should be required to provide more detailed policies towards the next six years in order to achieve universal primary education by 2015.

MMP 7 gene and BSYL gene expression in the endometriosis

강경화 ( Kyoung Hwa Kang ),( Soon Aae Kim ),( So Young Yang ),( Jeong Hoon Roh ),( In Taek Hwang ),( Joon Suk Park ) 대한산부인과학회 2007 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.93 No.-

식물성 원료 Corn Starch를 이용한 환경 친화적 헤어스타일링 제품 개발

강경화(Kang Kyoung-Hwa) 한국인체미용예술학회 2002 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.3 No.2

  This is a research thesis carried out as a research project for the consortium of industry, university, and research institute of year 2001.<BR>  Petrochemical high-polymer, which has been used in hair styling gels as a coating and gradually increasing substance, is known to physically coat the surface of hair, changing the hair"s physical character and shape having an excellent hardening and fixing effect. However, it removes oil on the skin or transforms proteins and does not dissolve easily in water, making it one of the causes of environmental pollution.<BR>  However, naturally decomposable bio-polymer, which uses the natural botanical material, corn starch, is a water-soluble vegetable protein as well as a water-soluble saccharide that has the characteristic of dissolving easily in water. Also, hair styling gel made with this substance has an excellent hardening, coating and increasing effect, preventing moisture loss of the skin on the head, and is not sticky during use. It is seen that with the water quality protecting effects and the characteristics of being naturally decomposable, bio-polymer will play a part in preventing environmental pollution, and will also have outstanding hair styling effects.<BR>  The aim of this research is to develop a new product substituting high-polymerized compounds, which have been used as gradually increasing and coating substances, with corn starch. Surface-active agents and high-polymer is included in the hair styling gel but these petrochemical high-polymers do not decompose, remaining in nature accumulating as time passes, and eventually becoming a hazard to the environment. Also, users are making complaints of loss in hair and tanglement of hair resulting from high-polymerized compounds.<BR>  Therefore, to complement these problems, the aim is to develop a new product adding corn starch as a substitute material of high-polymerized compounds.<BR>  First, analyze domestic and foreign data and understanding the production procedures of hair styling products, and then produce a sample product. In this research three types of starch was used; AMAZE Corn Starch of the National Chemical company, Corn Starch variated to DRY-FLO AF(28-1890), and Polysaccharide Resin KAMA-13 of the Omega Chemical company. The sample product was produced in two types; Fruit Floral Complex Type and Complex Fruit Type, according to the characteristics of the cosmetics and the starch mentioned above. Three types sample products were made; hair lotion, hair gel, and hair wax, and it was produced according to material and fragrance. For this, clinical testing was done in two groups, one being the professional customer group (hair designers and persons of related businesses), the other being the non-professional customer group(the public and students). This product is produced on the base of the results.<BR>  The sample product including Amaze starch was evaluated as the best in the clinical testing and the results are as below:<BR>  AMAZE Starch fixing substance is called Corn Starch Modified by the INCI name, and is a white powder with a slight touch of gray. It is a highly functional material used in gel, mousse, and styling lotion as a bionic hair binder. It has a small amount of by-product(flaking), is long lasting, and is highly water-resistant, which makes it a great subsidiary of hair styling products. Also, AMAZE is a natural derivative, and is economical because it"s easily accessible from farm products.<BR>  The hair gel was considered the best product out of all of them, and had the results that it is the easiest to use in style making. It gives comfort like the gel we normally use. The hair wax has a better coating effect compared to the other products, and the hardening and fixing effect was long lasting. Cleansing of the hair was also excellent. It is great when giving volume to the hair, b

장애아 전문 어린이집 교사의 사회적 지지, 직무 스트레스, 소진에 관한 연구

강경화 ( Kyoung Hwa Kang ),표윤희 ( Yun Hui Pyo ) 한국특수아동학회 2013 특수아동교육연구 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study is to survey the effect of social support, the job stress and burnout for teachers in child care center for children with disability. For this purpose, in this study, questionnaires were distributed to 200 subjects of special education teachers and child care center teachers for children with disability. The results of this study are as follows: First, the investigation of social support, job stress, burnout according to general information of child care center teachers for children with disability suggested that there was no significant difference among social support, job stress, burnout in age, marital status, whereas, there was significant difference among them in scholarship, major, educational career, facility type, working hours and location of facility. Second, The analysis of the effect of social support by ages of teachers on burnout indicated that there were significant consequences in the emotional support variable for the youth and informational support variable for middle youth. The result of investigation of job stress and burnout, depending on degree of social support, was showed that the more a group received social support, the less it experienced job stress and burnout.

난소암세포주에서 Apoptosis를 통하여 세포성장을 억제하는 Theophylline과 Cisplatin의 상승효과

강경화 ( Kyoung Hwa Kang ),허주엽 ( Chu Yeop Huh ),서병선 ( Byung Sun Suh ) 대한산부인과학회 2004 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.47 No.10

Objective : Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug which is widely used for cancer therapy including ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study is to elucidate synergistic effect of Cispaltin and Theophylline on the apoptosis of OC-109. Methods : Human ovari

한국인 자궁내막증 환자에서 p53 유전자 codon 72 다형성 양상

강경화 ( Kyoung Hwa Kang ),최영민 ( Young Min Choi ),이병석 ( Byung Soek Lee ),강순범 ( Soon Beom Kang ),장은란 ( Eun Ran Chang ),배상규 ( Sang Kyu Bae ),박인애 ( In Ae Park ),전종관 ( Jong Kwan Jun ),지병철 ( Byung Chul Jee ) 대한산부인과학회 2004 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.47 No.8

Objective: To explore the association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism with endometriosis. Methods: Two hundred seventy-one women with surgically or histologically diagnosed edometriosis of stage I-IV, and 219 patients with no evidence of endometriosis by lap

Synergistic effect of theophylline and cisplatin on the inhibition of cell growth and the induction of apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells

강경화 ( Kyoung Hwa Kang ),( Chu Yeop Huh ),( Byung Sun Suh ) 대한산부인과학회 2004 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.90 No.-

뇌경색 환자의 경동맥 내막 두께와 가속도맥파 검사의 관련성 연구

강경화(Kyung Hwa Kang),김경민(Kyoung Min Kim) 한의병리학회 2015 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.29 No.2