북한의 新 평화공세와 개혁·개방의 딜레마

김석우(金錫友)(KIM, Suk-woo) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2018 신아세아 Vol.25 No.3

North Korea is facing an economic crisis because of strengthening United Nations sanctions following its tests of nuclear bombs and ICBMs. To escape this crisis, North Korea has launched a new peace offensive, similar to that which followed the collapse of the Soviet bloc in 1989. At that time, the South Korean government was fooled by Pyongyang’s diplomacy, and failed to induce the North toward reform and opening. Moon Jae-in seems to be sympathetic to the Kim Jung-un regime; as a result, the new peace-offensive may save the regime, with help from Chinese President Xi Jinping and electoral gimmicks by US President Donald Trump. Kim Jung-un faces a critical dilemma, nonetheless. He will not follow the precedents in China and Vietnam and adopt reform and opening policies because it will threaten his power. The new peace offensive may extend the survival of the Kim regime, but it will not solve the essential problems of the command economy, which imposes economic and social hardship. Paradoxically, Moon’s sympathy for the Northern peace offensive will only prolong the road to the peaceful unification of the Korean Peninsula.

2011년 집중호우로 인한 산사태 발생특성 분석

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ),김진학 ( Jin Hak Kim ),김민식 ( Min Sik Kim ),김민석 ( Min Seok Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.1

Rainfall is widely recognized as a major landslide-triggering factor. Most of the latest landslides that occurred in South Korea were caused by short-duration heavy rainfall. However, the relationship between rainfall characteristics and landslide occurrence is poorly understood. To examine the effect of rainfall on landslide occurrence, cumulative rainfall (mm) and rainfall intensity (mm/hr) of serial rain and antecedent rainfall (mm) were analyzed for 18 landslide events that occurred in the southern and central regions of South Korea in June and July 2011. It was found that all of these landslides occurred by heavy rainfall for one or three days, with the rainfall intensity exceeding 30 mm/hr or with a cumulative rainfall of 200 mm. These plotted data are beyond the landslide warning criteria of Korea Forest Service and the critical line of landslide occurrence for Gyeongnam Province. It was also found that the time to landslide occurrence after rainfall start(T) was shortened with the increasing average rainfall intensity(ARI), showing an exponential-decay curve, and this relation can be expressed as「T = 94.569·exp (-0.068·ARI)(R2= 0.64, p<0.001)」. The findings in this study may provide important evidences for the landslide forecasting guidance service of Korea Forest Service as well as essential data for the establishment of non-structural measures such as a warning and evacuation system in the face of sediment disasters.

사학부(史學部) : 서진(西晉)시기 두예(杜預)의 춘추학(春秋學)과 사서(史書)에 기초한 경전(經典) 해석의 실례(實例)

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ) 한국중국학회 2015 중국학보 Vol.74 No.-

From the Tang dynasty, Du Yu’s footnote was estimated as an official interpretation of Spring and Autumn. And it was regarded as an important step to independent of historiography from the Scripture study. Du Yu thought that he first discovered the ‘examples of meaning’ (義例) from the Zuo-Zhun (左傳), and believed that such examples were made by Zhou-gong (周公) and Confucius. And many Spring and Autumn scholars regarded those ‘examples’ as core part of Du Yu’s study, they thought that it could expressed Du Yu’s main viewpoint of Spring and Autumn. However, Han scholars also stressed on the ‘examples of meaning’, based on the Gong-Yang-Zhuan (公羊傳), it was a important way of scripture study. And we may say that understanding Spring and Autumn in accordance with such ‘examples’ is not a way of historiography. In his famous ‘preface of Spring and Autumn’ (春秋左氏傳序), Du Yu stressed understanding the relations of historical facts, which was critical to comprehend the sage’s scripture. In this point, he highlighted the ‘historical understanding’ of Spring and Autumn. He annotated by three writing patterns, one of them was 224 cases for description of historical relations. <(A) 爲 B 傳> type have 141 cases, and <(A) 爲 B 張本 / 起本> have 83 cases. These footnotes clearly shows that the feature of Du Yu’s historical approach. Moreover such explanation of historical relations expose the commentator’s ideal of Spring and Autumn. If the emperor was a tyrant, he could be assassinated or expelled from power. When he misused his power, Du Yu’s footnotes tried to show that misfortune should happen without exception. And also showed that the infringements of li, literally ‘ritual’, caused lots of troubles. Such description of cause-and-effect relations of historical facts is likely correspond to the method of historiography. So the types of <(A) 爲 B 傳> and <(A) 爲 B 張本 / 起本> footnotes is the concrete examples of scripture study based on the history. In these explanations, Du Yu indirectly displayed his political idea which fostered from his days.

『춘추』와 晉史의 斷限 - 杜預의 『春秋左氏經傳集解』

金錫祐(Kim Suk-Woo) 역사학회 2008 역사학보 Vol.0 No.198

Du Yu, the well-known Spring and Autumn Annals scholar in the 4th century China, took a new academic issue: why Spring and Autumn Annals started with the Duke Yin's reign. The purpose of this paper is to examine the compounding meaning of Du Yu's issue. In West jin period, a heated controversy over how to decide the first phase of Jin dynasty's history strongly weighed on the Du Yu, That controversy was politically motivated to justify the Sirnayi and his sons' usurpation of Wei dynasty, who were regents of Wei dynasty and founders of Jin dynasty. In general, Wei-Jin dynastic change was described as peaceful process through their regency phase. Du Yu stressed that Spring and Autumn Annals, the paragon of historical writing, also started with the Duke Yin's reign, who were sole regent in that scripture. Du Yu's view might backed up the idea that the writing of Jin History should be started with Simayi's regency. But Du Yu's narration implied more important meaning. Since the regent was a 'real' power in those days, later scholars understood that Du Yu had emphasized the historiographical principle - "straightness writing". As a result, Du Yu's notes on Spring and Autumn Annals contributed to depart the historiography from the realm of "the study of Confucian classics.' In the author's view, in the Chinese middle age, Du Yu and later intellectuals actually backed up the political power, but they also tried improve their confucian ideals by historical writing.

학교장의 학교운영이 학업성취도 및 학교만족도에 미치는 영향 분석

김석우(Suk woo Kim),이승배(Seung bae Lee),김성숙(Sung sook Kim) 한국교육평가학회 2015 교육평가연구 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 한국교육과정평가원에서 시행한 2013년도 고등학생 학업성취도 평가자료를 사용하여 고등학교장의 학교운영이 학교효과성에 미치는 영향을 다층모형을 통해 분석하였다. 학교효과성은 학업성취도와 학교만족도 구분하여 각각에 대하여 모형을 설정하고 분석하였다. 분석결과, 학교효과성에 영향을 미치는 변인은 주로 학생의 개인수준의 변인에 해당하지만 학교장의 학교운영이 학생의 학업성취에는 정적영향을 미치고 학교만족도에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 비록 학교수준의 변인에 의한 효과는 낮았으나, 학교장의 학교운영에 의한 학업성취도의 차이를 밝힘으로써, 학교효과성 중에서 일부분이 학교장의 학교운영의 효과로 설명되고 있음을 보여주는 경험적 자료라 할 수 있으며, 학교장의 역할이 중요하다는 것을 보여준다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of principals' school management on school management using the multilevel model. We define the effectiveness of the school as academic achievement and school satisfaction, and analyzed effectiveness of school by setting the respective model for academic achievement and school satisfaction. As the results of the analysis, variables that affect the school effectiveness are mainly corresponding to the variable factors of personal level of students. The school management of the principal affect to academic achievement positively, but doesn't affect to school satisfaction of students. Although the effect by the variables of school level was low, school management of the principal is to explain the differences in academic achievement. So, this study shows that effectiveness of school is explained school management of the principal and, also shows that the role of principal is important for effectiveness of school.

중학교 교사가 지각하는 과정중심평가에 대한 IPA 분석

김석우(Kim, Suk-Woo),장카이(Zhang, Kai),서원석(Suh, Won-Suk) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.17

목적 본 연구는 중학교 교사가 과정중심평가에 대해 인식하고 있는 중요도와 이를 실행하는 정도인 수행도 간 차이를 평가 이해, 평가 계획, 평가 실행, 협력적 의사소통, 평가 결과활용으로 나누어 살펴보고 중학교 현장에서 우선적으로 지원해야 할 항목과 장기적 개선이 요구되는 항목을 도출하는데 목적을 두었다. 방법 연구목적을 규명하기 위해 부산광역시 교육청 소속 중학교 교사 471명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 평균, 표준편차, 대응표본 t-검정, IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis)를 활용하여 분석하였다. 결과 첫째, 중학교 교사의 과정중심평가 이해, 과정중심평가 계획, 과정중심평가 실행, 협력적 의사소통, 평가결과활용 모든 영역에서 수행도보다 중요도가 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 과정중심평가에서 우선적으로 지원해야 할 부분은 학생의 ‘다면적 특성을 평가’, ‘결과를 도출해가는 과정 평가’, ‘학생의 성장과 발달을 위한 피드백 제공’ 등으로 나타났다. 셋째, 장기적으로 개선이 요구되는 부분은 ‘학생의 성찰을 위한 평가’, ‘지필·수행 평가 모두 활용’, ‘핵심역량을 근거한 평가계획 수립’, ‘과정이 중심이 되는 수업 구성’, ‘인지적 정의적 영역 피드백을 학생에게 제공’, ‘성취기준 미흡 학생 추후 지도’로 도출되었다. 결론 과정중심평가의 활성화는 현장에서 직접적인 교육을 통하여 학생과 상호작용하는 교사로부터 시작되어야 하며, 자유학기제로 인하여 과정중심평가를 수행해야하는 중학교 교사에게 더욱이 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 과정중심평가의 중요성을 중학교 교사는 인지함에도 불구하고 수행이 낮은 부분에 대하여 교육부, 교육청, 단위학교 차원에서의 적극적 지원이 필요함을 시사하는 바이다. 본 연구결과를 통해 중학교 교사의 과정중심평가의 업무 중 우선순위 직무를 파악하여 중학교 평가 운영방안에 대한 의미 있는 기초자료가 되길 기대한다. Objectives This study examines the difference between importance, performance perceived by middle school teachers for the process-based assessment. For the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted on 471 middle school teachers belonging to the Busan Metropolitan Office of Education. Methods Data were analyzed based on the research problem using mean, standard deviation, correspondence sample t-test, and IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis). Results As a result of the study, the importance of middle school teachers was statistically significantly higher than performance in all areas of understanding process-based assessment, process-based assessment plan, process-based assessment execution, cooperative communication, and assessment result utilization. Second, in the process-based assessment, the priority areas to be supported were the ‘evaluation of multi-faceted characteristics’ of the student, ‘evaluation of the process for deriving the result’, and ‘providing feedback for the growth and development of the student’. Third, the areas that need improvement in the long term are ‘evaluation for student reflection’, ‘use of both paper-based and performance evaluation’, ‘establishment of an evaluation plan based on core competencies’, ‘class composition centered on the process’, and ‘cognition’. It was derived as ‘providing feedback to students in positive and affective areas’ and ‘follow-up guidance for students with insufficient achievement standards’. Conclusions Through the results of this study, it is expected that it will be a meaningful basic data for the middle school evaluation management plan by identifying the priority tasks among the tasks of middle school teachers process-based assessment.

共同不法行爲

金錫宇(Suk-Woo Kim) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 1981 法學論文集 Vol.6 No.-

保證金

金錫宇(Suk-Woo Kim) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 1982 法學論文集 Vol.7 No.-

곰솔 해안방재림의 형상비를 고려한 밀도 관리의 필요성과 방안

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ),박기형 ( Ki Hyung Park ),임영협 ( Young Hyup Lim ),윤주웅 ( Ju Ung Yun ),권세명 ( Se Myoung Kwon ),윤호중 ( Ho Joong Youn ),이진호 ( Jin Ho Lee ),( Yukiyoshi Teramoto ),( Tsugio 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.3

This study examined methods for stand density control by using shape ratio (tree height/DBH) and its application for effective management of Pinus thunbergii coastal disaster prevention forests. We analyzed the present conditions (height, DBH, and density) of P. thunbergii coastal disaster prevention forests at 123 study sites on Jeju Island and west, south, and east coasts of South Korea and compared them with results from previous studies. The average shape ratio for P. thunbergii showed positive correlations with stand density and was significantly higher on the west coast (66.32) than on the south (49.57) and east (48.19) coasts and Jeju Island (48.29). Stands with shape ratio higher than 70 accounted for 50% of the total study sites on the west coast, indicating a decrease in their disaster prevention function compared to that of other previous studies. The stand density in most coastal areas, except the east coast, was significantly higher than the standards recommended by the Korea Forest Service and the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute of Japan, indicating the need for stand density control. According to the growth estimation equation for P. thunbergii in the coastal area of South Korea, density control is required for young stands less than 14 years old, which show drastic increase in the shape ratio, to conserve their disaster prevention function. Particularly, the first thinning of P. thunbergii forests should be implemented before the stand age of 8 years that a shape ratio exceeds 70. For disaster-prone young stands (≤ 20 cm DBH) of P. thunbergii, the stand density was higher in the standard of Japan considering shape ratio than in that of Korea aiming timber production. Hence, the standard guidelines employed in Japan, which assign higher importance to disaster prevention function based on field surveys, can be applied effectively for controlling the stand density of P. thunbergii coastal forests in South Korea, to improve their disaster prevention function.

계단상 하상구조를 이용한 계류복원 방안

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ),김경남 ( Kyoung Nam Kim ),박종민 ( Chong Min Park ),마루타니토모미 ( Marutani Tomomi ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Mountain streams, which are major components of an entire river network, play an important role as the source of water, sediment, coarse and fine organic matter, and nutrients for lowland rivers. Therefore, dynamics and downstream linkages of each compartment of the mountain stream can be essential for watershed management in catchment scale. The dynamics and downstream linkages are understood as a development of step-pool sequences along a river course. Recently, stream restoration after flooding event often employ the development of step-pool sequences in the world. In this paper, we 1) examined the geomorphic characteristics and the role of step-pool sequences in steep mountain streams by reviewing the results of past studies, and 2) introduced the case studies of stream restoration using step-pool sequences, and finally 3) addressed design methods considering geometry and stability of artificial step-pool sequences for stream restoration. Step-pool sequences play an important role not only as roughness with energy dissipation but also as heterogeneity of stream feature for aquatic habitat. Step-pool sequences, even if they are constructed artificially along a stream, may be effective for small stream restoration considering eco-friendly torrent controls. So far the artificial step-pool sequences were employed for mountainous streams, but those would be applied to urban stream.