농산폐기물(農産廢棄物)의 메탄발효(醱酵)와 그 이점(利點)

박영대,Park, Young-Dae 한국응용생명화학회 1984 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.27 No.suppl.

Anaerobic digestion has recently attracted all over the world and Korea also shows no exception. The major benefits of anaerobic digestion are energy production, water pollution control, pathogen reduction and effective manure production. In Korea it was recognized in late sixties that there was a positive need to find alternative energy for farmers household. The main traditional energy sources in rural area were crop residues and forestry products. Therefore Office of Rural Development through its Rural Guidance Bureau disseminated about 29,000 household biogas units from 1969 to 1975 to provide cooking fuel for farmers household and to improve the mode of farmers living standards. The units were welcomed by farmers at that time. Now, however, most of them are not using due to a number of reasons associated with cold winter and some techno-economical problems (in those day, fossil fuel was quite expensive to compare with other prices and since then farmers income was quickly increased). The author studied on bag type household biogas plant to solve some technical problems of existing household biogas plants, but this also has little appeal for the farmers. From 1977 author studied on village scale biogas plant with two pilot plants. From the viewpoint of energy production, COD removal, kill rate of pathogen and fertilizer value, the results obtained from the experiments were quite promising, but the construction cost of the village scale biogas plant was too high for the farmers in Korea. To find most suitable biogas plant for farmers in Korea through the simplifying the biogas digester, the author developed batch-load biogas plant. By feeding coarse crop residues and manures, total solids concentrations of the batch-load biogas plant are about 28 percent which is much higher than continous digester of 5-8 percent. The batch-load biogas plant was welcomed by many farmers in Korea when it was reported on TV and newspapers. The plant was disseminated 154 units in 1982, 766 units in 1983 and 812 units in 1984 as a promissing project. Besides these biogas plant experiments, studies were also conducted 1) to determine gas production rate with agricultural wastes, 2) to evaluate the effect of loading rate, dilution, retention time on biogas production, 3) to project the amount of potencial energy from agricultural wastes.

인후두 역류환자에서 이동성 24시간 이중 탐침 산도 검사와 인후두 역류 소견 점수와의 상관관계

박영대,강대운,이진춘,이병주,왕수건,김광하,Park, Young-Dae,Kang, Dae-Woon,Lee, Jin-Choon,Lee, Byung-Joo,Wang, Soo-Geun,Kim, Gwang-Ha 대한후두음성언어의학회 2008 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Background and Objectives: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a very common disease among outpatients of department of otorhinolaryngology. Although there are several diagnostic tools for LPR disease and ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring is gold standard method, empirical diagnosis by reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (RFS) are mainly used. So we analyzed the relationship between ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring and RFS in patients with LPR. Subjective and Method: Fifty patients with LPR symptoms and abnormal RFS and ambulatory 24-hour double probe monitoring were enrolled. Each items and sum of laryngeal reflux score were compared the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in upper (UES) and lower (LES) esophageal sphincter. Results: There were no significant correlation between the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in UES (pH<4 and pH<5) and each item and sum of RFS. However, supine time and reflux number of UES (pH<5) were showed the partial correlations with diffuse laryngeal edema and thick endolaryngeal mucus (p=0.03, p=0.01). Although there were no relationship between the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in LES and sum of RFS, the significant correlations presented between granuloma and total time (p=0.008), upright time (p=0.008, reflux number (p=0.049) of LES. Conclusion: Although granuloma among items of RFS showed significantly correlation with the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in LES, there were no significant correlation between the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in UES and LES and items and sum of RFS.

III. 2000年代를 向한 合理的인 土壤管理와 施肥

朴永大(Young-Dae Park) 한국토양비료학회 1991 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.24 No.S

특집 논문 : 종교,폭력,평화 ; 평화에 관한 가톨릭 사회적 가르침과 평화운동

박영대 ( Young Dae Park ) 한국종교문화연구소 2010 종교문화비평 Vol.18 No.18

컴퓨터의 다양한 한글 서체를 이용한 서예 수업 사례 연구

박영대(Young-Dae Park) 한국미술교육학회 2005 美術敎育論叢 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 주어진 체본을 임서하는 수동적인 서예 학습 방법을 보완할 수 있는 수업 사례를 정리한 것이다. 컴퓨터를 이용하여 학생 스스로 서제와 서체를 마련하게 함으로써, 서예 수업을 보다 자발적이며 창의적으로 이끌어내게 하는 데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 학생들은 쓰고 싶은 서제를 직접 마련하고, 이 서제에 맞는 서체를 컴퓨터에 있는 다양한 한글 중에서 골라 체본을 구성한다. 이렇게 하여 서예 수업을 진행한 결과, 첫째, 새롭고 다양한 글씨를 부담 없이 써 볼 수 있는 기회를 가졌다. 둘째, 개성을 나타낼 수 있으므로 기존 서예 수업에 대한 딱딱한 고정관념을 깰 수 있었다. 셋째, 학생 자신이 좋아하는 내용과 형식을 선택하게 함으로써 서예 수업에서 자유로움과 흥미, 보람을 이끌어낼 수 있었다. 다만 출판 인쇄를 주 목적으로 제작된 컴퓨터 서체들이 갖는 도식적인 한계는, 옛 문헌의 서체를 복원·개발하여 교육용으로 보급할 수 있다면 충분히 극복될 수 있다고 본다. This is a case study of calligraphy lessons for supplementing, rather than substituting, the existing instructional method which lets students duplicate passively the writing samples. By letting students use their computers to select fonts and arrange the content of their calligraphy works, it aims at guiding calligraphy lessons in which students participate voluntarily and creatively. Students are first required to select the content of calligraphy work as they would like to write. Next, by browsing Korean fonts, they themselves select the calligraphic style that may match well with the content, and then make the writing samples on computer. The advantages of using this method are as follows: First, it offered an opportunity for the learners to feel free to use a variety of new handwriting styles. Secondly, because each student could show one's individuality, the stereotypical conception of calligraphy lessons as rigid and strict could be overcome. Thirdly, by providing the students chances to select the content text and form on their own, lessons became interesting, fruitful and liberating. Although there are limits to current fonts as they are designed to be printable, thus having mechanical figures, this problem is to be solved by developing and supplying new fonts that make the most use of the graces of traditional calligraphic styles in historical documents.

秋落沓의 水稻에 對한 珪酸, 窒素 및 加里의 增施效果

朴永大(Young Dae Park),金泳燮(Yung Sup Kim),孟道源(Do Won Mang) 한국토양비료학회 1971 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.4 No.2

‘여러 번 겹쳐 긋기’를 활용한 수묵채색화 수업사례 연구

박영대(Park Young-Dae) 한국미술교육학회 2007 美術敎育論叢 Vol.21 No.2

이 연구는 수묵채색화의 다양한 표현 기법 중 ‘여러 번 겹쳐 긋기’를 활용한 수업 사례를 정리한 것이다. 한국화 표현 기법의 하나인 ‘한 번에 긋기’는 대상의 생태와 기운을 가감 없이 일획으로 나타낼 뿐 아니라, 모필의 특성을 효과적으로 활용할 수 있는 방법이다. 하지만 대상을 오래 관찰하고 부단히 연습하는 과정 없이 쉽게 이루어지지 않으며, 자칫하면 도식적인 매너리즘에 빠질 수 있다. 이와 달리 ‘여러 번 겹쳐 긋기’는 단번에 나타내기 어려운 대상을 다각도로 관찰하고, 여러 번 가필하는 과정을 통해서, 대상의 윤곽을 도식적으로 나타내는데 그치고 마는 한계를 극복할 수 있는 방법이다. 이는 ‘한 번에 긋기’를 대체하는 선묘법이라기보다는 그 어려움을 보완하여 새로운 가능성을 모색할 수 있는 것이다. 학생들은 이 수업 과정을 통하여 첫째, 모필 사용의 기술적인 난관을 극복하고, 둘째, 한국화 표현 방법의 다양성을 이해하며, 셋째, 지속적인 관찰로 표현력을 키우고, 넷째, 성실하고 끈질긴 태도로 작품의 완성도를 높일 수 있다. This study deals with lessons using ‘multiple overlap lining technique’, which is one of the various techniques of expression in Korean ink and color painting. It is ‘single lining technique’ that has been commonly used to draw in lines in traditional painting. It is effective not only to express the vital figure and the spiritual tone of the object in single stroke, but also to make the best use of the characteristic traits of brush. However, this single lining technique is not easy to learn. It takes a long period of observation and continuous practice to acquire this technique; and once acquired, it is also apt to become conventional and manneristic. In contrast with it, ‘multiple overlap lining technique’ admits the process of multiple retouching while observing from various angles the object that is otherwise difficult to draw in one stroke; and thereby making it effective to overcome the limits of the single lining technique, that is to end up with drawing the outlines of the object in a manneristic way. Through this course of lessons, the students can learn the followings: First, they understand the diversity of expressive methods in Korean painting. Secondly, they overcome the technical barriers in making use of brush. Thirdly, they express in a variety of styles by observing the object from various angles and modifying the drawing. Finally, they increase the degree of completeness of their work with patience and sincerity.

내시경 치료를 시행한 관강 내 십이지장 게실 1 예

박영대 ( Young Dae Park ),정윤진 ( Yun Jin Chung ),전성우 ( Seong Woo Jeon ),조창민 ( Chang Min Cho ),탁원영 ( Won Young Tak ),권영오 ( Young Oh Kweon ),김성국 ( Sung Kook Kim ),최용환 ( Yong Hwan Choi ) 대한소화기학회 2007 대한소화기학회지 Vol.49 No.3

관강 내 십이지장 게실(intraluminal duodenal diverticulum, IDD)은 십이지장 제2부 내에 주머니 모양의 가로막을 가지는 드문 선천 이상이다. 환자는 무증상인 경우도 있으나, 반복적인 복통, 급성 췌장염 및 위장관 출혈을 동반할 수 있다. 저자 등은 급성췌장염과 위장관 출혈을 나타낸 IDD 1예를 경험하였다. 진단은 상부위장관조영술과 관상면 재구성 CT 영상에서 IDD의 특징적인 형태를 확인하여 진단하였다. 증상이 있는 IDD는 일반적으로 수술 절제를 일차적으로 고려하나, 이번 증례에서는 내시경을 이용하여 침형 절개도로 IDD 개구부를 절개한 후 박리 올가미를 이용한 결찰술을 시행하여 성공적인 결과를 얻었다. An intraluminal duodenal diverticulum (IDD) is a rare congenital anomaly consisted of a sac-like mucosal projection within the second portion of the duodenum. Even though most of cases are asymptomatic, patients may develop recurrent abdominal pain, pancreatitis, and gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a case of symptomatic IDD which presented as acute pancreatitis and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis was made by typical findings of upper GI series and coronal reformatted CT images. Although surgical resection is the treatment of choice, endoscopic incision and ligation with detachable snare was performed which led to a good result. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2007;49:177-182)

最近의 肥料消費面에서 본 肥料需要展望

朴永大(Young-Dae Park) 한국토양비료학회 1976 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.9 No.3

한국 천주교회의 재정 투명성과 공익성

박영대(Park, Young Dae) 한신대학교 종교와문화연구소(구 한신인문학연구소) 2005 종교문화연구 Vol.- No.7