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STUDY OF SOLO SONATA NO.1 BWV1001 BY J.S. BACH : Technical Problems in Violin Playing
兪光穆 曉星女子大學校 音樂文化硏究所 1992 음악문화연구 Vol.1 No.-
Interpertational and technical problems in the playing of J. S. Bach's Solo Sonate No.1 for violin,BWV 1001. In view of the fact that there are many different interpretations of this piece, ac-cording to the different views of various performers, it has been objectively studied by the author using reference books and recognized editions of Bach's music. Analysing special bowing techniques, the treatise looks at detache, legato, basic and wandering bowing, retaking, back-springing, and ondule bowing; The techniques are used to produce special effects. Though the chords themselves are not in high positons. They are very difficult, and care must be taken to reproduce them accurately, following of course the composer's intention by observing the slurs. Because of Bach's rare use of dynamics the performer is largely left to himself in this respect, so the treatise spends some time on the question of dynamics, as well as dealing with temp. rythm, arpeggios, polyphony, and ornaments. The ornaments of Bach in this work are subject to many different interpretations, so it is very useful for the performer to have a reference book as a good guide when confronted with such problems. In order to make an objective analysis of this piece, it was necessary to listen to interpretations by various performers.
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유광현(Kwang-Hyun Yu),심상목(Sang-Mok Sim) 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.5
In this study, it was possible to identify the factors that impeded activation, such as shortage of available banks, economic burden, lack of incentives for traders, and cancellation and change of BPO. First, it proposed an alternative for building a common system of banks. In addition to the cost of the individual banks, the common system of banks can be used to print out documents and send them overseas so that the bank can concentrate on the trade finance business and reduce the time and cost of performing simple operations. Second, the efficiency of the user side is raised. Since TSU/BPO is more beneficial to the exporter than the importer’s position, the importers are able to avoid it. It suggests that the importers can regain their preferred payment method by adjusting the commission on the side of the importers of the bank. In addition, it is effective and secure for the companies that maintain the transaction relationship rather than the BPO one-time transaction regarding the bank payment guarantee And suggest that users should be aware of what they can do.
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18-20세기 관현악곡들의 음색 엔트로피 값 비교 분석 연구
김진호,이예경,유광목 한국전시산업융합연구원 2018 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.32 No.-
This study is based on the concept of information entropy, applied to timbral dimension of music. The purpose of this article is to study the musical applicability of the entropy concept, borrowed in the domain of timbral analysis of music. We identify each timbral entropy state of the important eleven orchestral pieces composed during 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. The entropy state is measurable; in this article the measurement result expressed as a specific bit value describes the amount of timbral information. The result is like this: firstly, we introduce the terminology in the field of information theory; secondly, introducing precedent research in the field of musicology which borrows the terminology of information theory, and identifying the peculiarity and the limitations of the precedent research, we support the necessity and originality of our study; thirdly, we analyze the timbral dimension of music through the entropy concept; fourthly, we connect the discussion about the musical entropy concept with the discussion about information theory, and the discussion about thermodynamics. Concerning the analysis of the timbral dimension of music through the entropy concept, we identify the fact that the works composed recently have the bigger bit values than that composed formerly. We identify the same phenomenon in the life-cycle of a composer: the bit value of the latter work is bigger than that of the early work. In the first movement of the Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5, the bit value of development section and coda is bigger than that of exposition and recapitulation section. 본 연구는 음악작품의 음색 차원에 적용된 엔트로피 개념에서 시작되었다. 연구의 목적은 음악적 음색분석 영역에 차용된 정보적 엔트로피 개념의 음악적적용 가능성을 탐구하는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 18, 19, 20세기에 작곡된 11개의주요 관현악곡들의 음색적 엔트로피 상태를 확인하는작업을 시도한다. 엔트로피 상태는 측정가능하며, 본논문에서의 측정 결과는 비트라는 단위의 특정 값으로 표현되는 음색적 정보량이다. 연구결과 및 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 엔트로피와관련 용어들을 정의하고, 둘째, 정의된 용어들에 기초한 선행연구를 소개하면서 그 특이성과 제한점을 확인하여 본 연구의 필요성과 독자성을 옹호하고, 셋째, 그렇게 독특하여 필요한 시도로서 음악의 음색 차원을 엔트로피 개념을 통해 분석하고, 넷째, 음악에까지적용된 엔트로피 개념을 이 용어의 원래 출처인 열역학에서의 논의 및 그로부터 발전된 정보 이론적 논의에 연계시킨다. 엔트로피 개념을 통해 분석한 음색과 관련하여 최근에 작곡된 작품일수록 비트 값이 전반적으로 커져갔음을 확인했다. 한 작곡가의 경우에도 초기 작품보다 후기 작품의 비트 값이 더 컸다. 베토벤의 교향곡5번의 1악장에서는 전개부와 종결구에서 특히 비트값이 컸다.
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