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Origin of Flavor Compounds in Canned Tuna and Their Relation to Quality
김무남(Mu-Nam Kim),R. C. Lindsay(R. C. Lindsay) 한국식품영양과학회 1993 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.21 No.6
참치통조림을 개봉한후 냉장고 (4℃)에 4주간 저장하는 동안의 향기변화의 관능검사와 향기성분 분석을 하였다. 막 개봉한 참치통조림의 향은 고소한 쇠고기향과 신선한 참치통조림 특유의 냄새를 가지고 있었으나, card-boardy (1주후), 산화된 지방산(2주후, 3주후), 그리고 곰팡이냄새와 페인트 냄새(4주후)로 변하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 참치통조림시료로부터 126개이상의 휘발성성분이 분리되었고, 그중 54개의 화합물이 mass spectral data, I_E value, 그리고 GC detector로부터 나오는 efluent를 sniffing하므로서 동정되었다. 4주간 저장 후 저급휘발성 화합물은 줄어드는 반면 분자량이 큰 화합물이 새로이 생성되었다. 저장지간중 감소된화합물은 1-penten-3-ol, 3-penten-2-ol, heptanal, limonene, 1-pentanol, octanal, 1-hexanol, nonanal, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, 1-heptanol, benzaldehyde, 그리고 methyl substituted benzene 등이었다. ρ-Thiocresol, 2-chlorophenol, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, dipropyl disulfide, 2-isobutyl-4/5-dimethylthiazole, diethyltrisulfide, 그리고 2-heptylthiophene은 신선한 참치통조림에는 검출되지 않았으나, 개봉후 4주간 저장된 통조림에서는 새로이 검출되었다. 따라서 이들 저장중에 변화된 화합물은 참치 통조림의 품질 변화의 지표로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The specific attributes of aroma quality of canned tuna meat were investigated before and during refrigerated storage. Fresh, cooked tuna, beefy and meaty flavor notes of canned tuna meat were changed to card-boardy (1 week storage), oxidized fat-like (2 weeks storage), fatty acid-like and heavy oxidized fat-like (3 weeks storage), and then moldy and painty (4 weeks storage) flavor notes during storage in refrigerator at 4℃. More than 126 peaks of volatile compounds collected from canned tuna meat were separated on Carbowax 20M capillary column of gas chromatographic analysis. Of the peaks, 54 compounds were identified by mass spectral data, matching I_E values, and sniffing the effluent of each peak from GC detector. The contents of many low molecular weight compounds eluted with early retention times were decreased, whereas some other new compounds eluted with longer retention time were formed during storage. The compounds increased up to 3 weeks of storage and then decreased at extended storage time (4 weeks) were 1-penten-3-ol, 3-penten-2-ol, heptanal, limonene, 1-pentanol, octanal, 1-hexanol, nonanal, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, 1-heptanol, benzaldehyde and some methyl substituted benzenes. p-Thiocresol, 2-chlorophenol, 1, 2-dichlorobenzene, dipropyl disulfide, 2-isobutyl-4, 5-dimethylthiazole, diethyltrisulfide, and 2-heptylthiophene were formed after 4 weeks of storage, but not detected in fresh canned tuna. Therefore, these compounds could be used as indicators for the quality changes during refrigerated storage.
Christopher R. Good,Lindsay D. Orosz,Ronald A. Lehman,Jeffrey L. Gum,Douglas Fox,Isador H. Lieberman 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.3
Minimally invasive spine surgery reduces tissue dissection and retraction, decreasing the morbidity associated with traditional open spine surgery by decreasing blood loss, blood transfusion, complications, and pain. One of the key challenges with a minimally invasive approach is achieving consistent posterior fusion. Although advantageous in all fusion surgeries, solid posterior fusion is particularly important in spinal deformity, revisions, and fusions without anterior column support. A minimally invasive surgical approach accomplished without sacrificing the quality of the posterior fusion has the potential to decrease both short- and long-term complications compared to the traditional open techniques. Innovations in navigated and robotic-assisted spine surgery continue to address this need. In this article, we will outline the feasibility of achieving posterior facet fusion using the Mazor X Stealth Edition Robotic Guidance System.
A comparison of strength for two continuous peripheral nerve block catheter dressings
Edward R. Mariano,Lindsay Borg,Steven K. Howard,T. Edward Kim,Lauren Steffel,Cynthia Shum 대한마취통증의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.69 No.5
Background: Despite the benefits of continuous peripheral nerve blocks, catheter dislodgment remains a major problem, especially in the ambulatory setting. However, catheter dressing techniques to prevent such dislodgment have not been studied rigorously. We designed this simulation study to test the strength of two commercially available catheter dressings. Methods: Using a cadaver model, we randomly assigned 20 trials to one of two dressing techniques applied to the lateral thigh: 1) clear adhesive dressing alone, or 2) clear adhesive dressing with an anchoring device. Using a digital luggage scale attached to a loop secured by the dressing, the same investigator applied steadily increasing force with a downward trajectory towards the floor until the dressing was removed or otherwise disrupted. Results: The weight, measured (median [10th–90th percentile]) at the time of dressing disruption or removal, was 1.5 kg (1.3–1.8 kg) with no anchoring device versus 4.9 kg (3.7–6.5 kg) when the dressing included an anchoring device (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on this simulation study, using an anchoring device may help prevent perineural catheter dislodgement and therefore premature disruption of continuous nerve block analgesia.
HARD X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF A JET AND ACCELERATED ELECTRONS IN THE CORONA
Glesener, Lindsay,Krucker, Sä,m,Lin, R. P. IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.754 No.1
<P>We report the first hard X-ray observation of a solar jet on the limb with flare footpoints occulted, so that faint emission from accelerated electrons in the corona can be studied in detail. In this event on 2003 August 21, RHESSI observed a double coronal hard X-ray source in the pre-impulsive phase at both thermal and nonthermal energies. In the impulsive phase, the first of two hard X-ray bursts consists of a single thermal/nonthermal source coinciding with the lower of the two earlier sources, and the second burst shows an additional nonthermal, elongated source, spatially and temporally coincident with the coronal jet. Analysis of the jet hard X-ray source shows that collisional losses by accelerated electrons can deposit enough energy to generate the jet. The hard X-ray time profile above 20 keV matches that of the accompanying Type III and broadband gyrosynchrotron radio emission, indicating both accelerated electrons escaping outward along the jet path and electrons trapped in the flare loop. The double coronal hard X-ray source, the open field lines indicated by Type III bursts, and the presence of a small post-flare loop are consistent with significant electron acceleration in an interchange reconnection geometry.</P>
Maines, Taronna R.,Lu, Xui Hua,Erb, Steven M.,Edwards, Lindsay,Guarner, Jeannette,Greer, Patricia W.,Nguyen, Doan C.,Szretter, Kristy J.,Chen, Li-Mei,Thawatsupha, Pranee,Chittaganpitch, Malinee,Waicha American Society for Microbiology 2005 Journal of virology Vol.79 No.18
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses across Asia in 2003 and 2004 devastated domestic poultry populations and resulted in the largest and most lethal H5N1 virus outbreak in humans to date. To better understand the potential of H5N1 viruses isolated during this epizootic event to cause disease in mammals, we used the mouse and ferret models to evaluate the relative virulence of selected 2003 and 2004 H5N1 viruses representing multiple genetic and geographical groups and compared them to earlier H5N1 strains isolated from humans. Four of five human isolates tested were highly lethal for both mice and ferrets and exhibited a substantially greater level of virulence in ferrets than other H5N1 viruses isolated from humans since 1997. One human isolate and all four avian isolates tested were found to be of low virulence in either animal. The highly virulent viruses replicated to high titers in the mouse and ferret respiratory tracts and spread to multiple organs, including the brain. Rapid disease progression and high lethality rates in ferrets distinguished the highly virulent 2004 H5N1 viruses from the 1997 H5N1 viruses. A pair of viruses isolated from the same patient differed by eight amino acids, including a Lys/Glu disparity at 627 of PB2, previously identified as an H5N1 virulence factor in mice. The virus possessing Glu at 627 of PB2 exhibited only a modest decrease in virulence in mice and was highly virulent in ferrets, indicating that for this virus pair, the K627E PB2 difference did not have a prevailing effect on virulence in mice or ferrets. Our results demonstrate the general equivalence of mouse and ferret models for assessment of the virulence of 2003 and 2004 H5N1 viruses. However, the apparent enhancement of virulence of these viruses in humans in 2004 was better reflected in the ferret.</P>
문헌초역 : 임상상 건강 흡연자의 증상과 기능이상과의 관계, 노작 유발성 천식에 대한 Salbutamol 경구투여 및 흡입투여
( James Desman ),( Frederick Bode ),( R. Heberto Ghezzo ),( Richard Martin ),( Peter Macklein ),( Lilon Baddler ),( Gayle Theobald ),( D. A. Lindsay ),( Sandra D. Anderson ),( F. P. Seale ),( P. Rozea 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1977 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.24 No.1