http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
이명종,Li, Ching-Yan,Jr, Kermit Cromack 강원대학교 삼림과학연구소 2000 Journal of Forest Science Vol.16 No.-
많은 산림의 임상에는 특유의 분해과정에 있는 목질의 도복고사목이 존재하며, 이는 식물, 동물의 서식처가 되고 미생물의 다양성을 제공한다. 분해급 III-V의 Douglus-fir의 목질부 시료를 넣은 리치튜브에 물오리나무(Alus hirsuta)와 루브라오리나무(A. rubra)를 파종하고 온실에서 재배 실험한 결과, 두 수종 모두 근류가 형성되어 분해중인 도복고사목에 감염성 Frankia가 존재함을 시사하였다. 압열멸균한 시료에선 생육이 매우 불량하였고 근류가 형성되지 않았다. 도복고사목 내의 Frankia의 존재로 목질 유기물이 공생 질소고정 균의 근원이 됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 산림생태계 내의 목질 유기물이 산림이 장기 생산력에 기여하는 系의 구조적 다양성과 생물적 다양성을 창조하고 유지시킨다는 것을 시사한다. Fallen and decomposing woody debris are conspicuous features of the forest floor in many natural forests. They provide habitats for plants, animals, and a diversity of microorganism. Seeds of Alus hirsuta and Alus rubra were sown in leach tubes containing Douglas-fir woody debris of decay class III-V. In greenhouse studies, wood samples induced effective nodule formation in Alus hirsuta and A. rubra, indicating that the fallen trees contained infections and effective Frankia. Alder on sterilized wood substrates grew poorly and did not nodulate. The preserve of infective Frankia in dead, fallen trees suggests that woody debris is a source of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing organism. The results suggest that coarse woody debris create and maintain structural and biological diversity that contributes to forest long-term productivity. Key words : woody debris, Alus hirsute, A. rubra, Frankia, biological diversity long-term productivity
Chou, Yi-Hsuan,Choo, Kwang-Ho,Chen, Shiao-Shing,Yu, Jui-Hsuan,Peng, Ching-Yu,Li, Chi-Wang Elsevier 2018 Separation and purification technology Vol.198 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A chemical reduction process was proposed to recover copper from the retentate of polyelectrolyte enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF). Three polyelectrolytes (PSS, PAA, and PEI) containing various functional groups and molecular weights were studied to explore their effects on the copper removal in PEUF and on the copper recovery by chemical reduction under various pH conditions. With PSS which contains sulfonic group, copper was removed reasonably well (ca. 75%) by PEUF even under acidic pH value of 3. With PAA which contains carboxylic group, copper removal was a bit low (∼60%) under pH 3.0 but increased substantially at pH 4.0. A branched PEI having amine group achieved the highest Cu removal of 94% at pH 3. The copper removal efficiency decreased slightly with increasing pH due to the high permeation of PEI through membrane.</P> <P>Chemical reduction achieved the complete copper recovery for solution containing PSS. The copper recovery efficiencies were more than 95% for PAA solution with pH values ranging from 3 to 9 at reaction time of one hour. For PEI, the recovery efficiencies ranged from 20 to 96% and were pH dependent. Aggregated and settled readily copper particles were produced by chemical reduction in PSS solution. XRD analysis identified cuprous oxide in all of the samples. Dependent of pH and polyelectrolytes, additional peaks matching those of elemental copper were identified. TGA analysis showed that solids produced from PSS and PAA systems contained no polyelectrolytes while solid collected from PEI system contained 32% of polyelectrolyte.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Polyelectrolytes with different functional groups and MW were applied in PEUF. </LI> <LI> Effects of polyelectrolytes and pH on the reduction of copper were studied. </LI> <LI> Both Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O and Cu<SUP>0</SUP> were identified by XRD analysis of solids obtained. </LI> </UL> </P>
A Miniature Dual-band PIFA Antenna for Bluetooth/WLAN Applications
Ching-Lieh Li,Chi-Hsiang Liu 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7
In this paper a dual-band PIFA (Planar Inverted-F Antenna) is investigated. By use of meander patch and defected ground. The antenna volume can be limited to 11×6×4㎣. The patch for the PIFA is located over the top surface of an FR4 substrate and is fabricated by wire-cutting machine. The goal is to implement a miniature dual-band antenna suited for the Bluetooth and wireless LAN applications, of which the operating frequencies are in the 2.4 and 5.2 and 5.8㎓.
Parallel-Plate Capacitor Structures with Enhanced Linearity
Ching-Lieh Li,Chih-Wei Hsueh,Ding-Kai Lin 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
In this paper, the FDTD method is employed to calculate the static capacitance of several parallel-plate capacitors. The study of the capacitor characteristics is made to emphasis on the linearity analysis for the possible sensor application. The linearity of several parallel-plate structures is examined, which include a simple parallelplate capacitor, a parallel-plate structure with guard ring only, etc. Although the guard ring is usually utilized to increase the linearity of a simple parallel-plate capacitor, it is found that the linearity of a parallel-plate capacitor with guard ring is actually the same as a simple parallel-plate capacitor with the same plate area. Afterwards, a new parallel-plate structure with pins inserted in between the parallel plates is proposed to reduce the linearity deviation as the separation of the parallel plates changes.
DUAL BAND DIPOLE-LOADED NOTCH ANTENNA
Ching-Lieh Li,Chun-Feng Wen,Ya-Kuan Ling 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
This paper presents a dipole-loaded notch antenna designed for the operation of the dual-band WLAN application. The antenna structure starts with a quarter-wavelength slit cut on a ground plane with suitable addition of a planar wire dipole connected to the open ends of the notch. The monopole notch is designed to radiate at the low frequency band, 2.4 ㎓ for IEEE 802.11b/g, while the planar wire dipole is responsible for the other band, 5.2/5.8 ㎓ for IEEE 802.11a. It is found that the wire dipole has the side effect of reducing the slit length due to its capacitive loading effect at the low frequency band. The parametric study is performed to demonstrate the characteristics of the proposed antenna, from which the guidelines for the design of the proposed antenna are provided.
Ching-Lung Cheung,Gloria HY.Li,Hang-Long Li,Constance Mak,Kathryn CB. Tan,Annie WC. Kung 대한골다공증학회 2023 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.9 No.1
Objectives: To enhance the public awareness and facilitate diagnosis of osteoporosis, we aim to develop a new Chinese Osteoporosis Screening Algorithm (COSA) to identify people at high risk of osteoporosis. Methods: A total of 4747 postmenopausal women and men aged ≥ 50 from the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study were randomly split into a development (N = 2373) and an internal validation cohort (N = 2374). An external validation cohort comprising 1876 community-dwelling subjects was used to evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV). Results: Among 11 predictors included, age, sex, weight, and history of fracture were significantly associated with osteoporosis after correction for multiple testing. Age- and sex-stratified models were developed due to the presence of significant sex and age interactions. The area under the curve of the COSA in the internal validation cohort was 0.761 (95% CI, 0.711-0.811), 0.822 (95% CI, 0.792-0.851), and 0.946 (95% CI, 0.908-0.984) for women aged < 65, women aged ≥ 65, and men, respectively. The COSA demonstrated improved reclassification performance when compared to Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians. In the external validation cohort, the PPV of COSA was 40.6%, 59.4%, and 19.4% for women aged < 65, women aged ≥ 65, and men, respectively. In addition, COSA > 0 was associated with an increased 10-year risk of hip fracture in women ≥ 65 (OR, 4.65; 95% CI, 2.24-9.65) and men (OR, 11.51; 95% CI, 4.16-31.81). Conclusions: We have developed and validated a new osteoporosis screening algorithm, COSA, specific for Hong Kong Chinese.