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경남 일부 지역 여자 대학생의 상하체 균형 계측치와 운동 습관
Youngsik Kim(김영식),Imsil Yoon(윤임실),Wonjoon Lee(이원준),Jeongsu Nam(남정수),Joongsoo Yoon(윤중수),Ryeamin Youn(윤려민),Hanna Jung(정한나),Jaeshik Ko(고재식),Hyunju Choi(최현주) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.4
경남지역 모 대학교에 재학 중인 여자 대학생 212명을 대상으로 인체 계측과 건강에 관련된 습관에 대하여 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 총대상자의 평균 연령은 20.7 세, 신장은 161.8 ㎝, 체중은 53.5 ㎏이었으며, 비만도는 98.4%이었으며 체질량 지수는 20.6 ㎏/㎡이었고 허리-엉덩이 둘레 비율은 0.80이었다. 이와 같은 신체 계측치는 한국인의 정상 범위에 속하는 것이지만, 조사 대상자의 63.7%가 상체가 하체에 비하여서 불균형적으로 약한 체형인 것으로 나타났다. 이들 대상자를 불균형적으로 상체가 약한 군(UU, n=135)으로 하고 대조군으로써 상ㆍ하체가 균형인 군(BU, n=77)의 두 군으로 나누어서 측정 결과치를 비교 분석하였다. 체중, 비만도, 체질량지수, 허리-엉덩이 둘레비가 BU군에 비하여서 UU군이 유의적으로 낮았다. 체단백짙, 체지방, 체무기짙량도 역시 UU군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 상완근육 둘레를 측정한 결과, UU군이 BU군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮았다. 운동의 규칙적 수행여부를 알아본 결과 UU군의 1.5%, BU군에서 7.8%가 ‘운동을 규칙적으로 하고 있다’고 답하였다. 한편 ‘운동을 전혀 하고 있지 않다’라고 답한 비율이 UU군과 BU군에서 각각 55.5%, 31.2%로써, 운동을 하지 않는 경우가 UU군에서 1.8배 정도 많았다. 운동을 할 경우에 얼마나 오래하는지에 대한 질문에 UU군의 38.4%와 BU군의 35.8%가 30분 이하로 운동을 한다고 답하여서, 여자 대학생이 운동을 한다 하더라도 운동 시간이 충분하지 않은 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구 조사 결과, 상체가 하체에 비하여서 불균형적으로 약한 여자 대학생이 총 조사 대상자의 63.7%이나 되었으며, 이들의 운동 습관에 문제가 있는 것으로 나타나서 운동을 습관화하여 꾸준히 하고 특히 상체와 팔 근육을 발달시키는 운동을 실천하는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다. 아울러 여자 대학생만을 대상으로 하여 체형의 올바른 인식을 위한 교육의 필요성이 절실하며, 신체 부위의 균형을 고려한 운동 프로그램 개발이 시급하다고 생각한다. This study was carried out to examine anthropometric parameters and related habits in female college students. Mean age, height, and body weight of the subjects in total (n=212) were 20.7 yrs, 161.8 ㎝, and 53.5 ㎏, respectively. Anthropometric parameters were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Mean degree of obesity, body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were 98.4%, 20.6 ㎏/㎡, and 0.80 respectively. Surprisingly, 63.7% of the subjects showed unbalanced weak upper bodies compared to their lower bodies. Therefore, they were divided into two groups: unbalanced weak upper body group (UU, n=135) and balanced upper body groups (BU, n=77). Bodyweight, degree of obesity, BMI, and WHR in the UU group were significantly lower than those in the BU group. Amounts of body protein, body fat, and body mineral in the UU group were also significantly lower than those of the BU group. Mid-arm muscle circumference of the UU group (18.5±0.8 ㎝) was significantly lower than those of BU group (20.4±1.2 ㎝), although mid-arm circumference of the UU group was not significantly different compared to those of the BU group. On a questionnaire on exercise habits, 1.5% of the UU group and 7.8% of the BU group answered that they exercised regularly, and 55.5% of the UU group and 31.2% of the BU group reported that they never exercised (p<0.01). Even in the subjects who exercised, the duration of the exercise was not sufficient because 38.4% of the UU group and 35.8% of the BU group answered that they exercised for less than 30 min. In conclusion, interventions in exercise habits may be needed for female college students who have unbalanced weak upper bodies.
A Study of Fluidity in Ash Melting Processes as Basicity from sludge and Sawdust
( Youngsik Yoon ),( Soonam Park ),( Yeongsu Park ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-
In general, the incineration process is a commonly used heat treatment method that not only reduces, be nontoxic and stabilizes wastes, but also obtains heat energy in connection with boilers. The ash is generated in the waste heat treatment process and contains harmful substances such as heavy metals and dioxin. If the ash is directly buried, the ground water may be contaminated by the water-soluble heavy metal contained in the ash. The solidification process is a method of stabilizing a hazardous waste by inactivating it and converting it into a physically stable material. The melting process is a method of immobilizing hazardous wastes in glass materials among various solidification treatment methods. The advantage of this technology is that the cost of additives is relatively low and the generation of secondary pollutants is very low. In this study, we conducted an experiment to find the parameters related to the melting characteristics of the ash materials. The fluidity of molten ash is considered to be related to the content of inorganic components. The effect of the change of the basicity on the melting temperature was analyzed.
윤영식(Youngsik Yoon),유승을(Seungeul Yoo),한범석(Beomsuk Han) 한국자동차공학회 2002 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.2002 No.11
Friction and wear characteristics of two different automotive brake drum materials; conventional cast iron and AI-MMC, were experimentally studied. Friction stability and changes in temperature and torque during drags and stops test were measured by inertial brake dynamometer and wear test system. Brake dynamometer was used to obtain the amount of wear. And wear surfaces were observed by SEM and analyzed by XRD. Also the changes in friction coefficients, temperature and torque were measured by wear test setups under various load conditions. In this study, AI-MMC was shown to be more stable than cast iron in changes of temperature, friction coefficient and torque values; these experiments have been done under various sliding speed or load conditions.
윤영식(Youngsik Yoon),김주성(Jusung Kim),신동우(Dongwoo Shin) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2009 No.11
Hemming is one of the most important metal forming processes determining external quality of automotive outer panels, such as front and rear door, hood and trunk lid etc. In this study, the flat surface-cove edge hemming process is performed by implicit finite element analysis. A modified edge shape of the panels is suggested and applied to the 3-dimensional simulation by using a commercial code ANSYS. Futhermore, experiments are carried out for aluminium sheet metals to compare with results of analysis.
터보차져 디젤엔진의 공기 순환계 모델링 및 모델기반 슬라이딩 모드 제어
윤영식(Youngsik Yoon),최세범(Seibum Choi),고민석(Minseok Ko),임지훈(Jihoon Lim) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2010 No.11
Recently, the emission of hazardous materials (NOx and PM) in diesel engine is a critical issue. The regulations with respect to the NOx and PM are getting stricter, increasingly. Not only the emission problem but also fuel efficiency is considered as a serious issue to develop new turbocharged diesel engines. Thus, currently diesel engines are equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and variable geometry turbocharger (VGT). Basically, the diesel engine with EGR and VGT is a highly nonlinear system as well as a Multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) system. Moreover, since EGR and VGT are powered by exhaust gas, severe coupling effect exists. However, conventional Electric Control Unit (ECU) ignores this severe coupling effect and controls the turbocharged diesel engine by using independent single-input single-output (SISO) control methods. Hence, the model based MIMO control method is required not only to treat the coupling effect of EGR and VGT, but also to improve the performance of the engine operation with high fuel economy and low emission level. In this paper, three different model based sliding mode control approaches are proposed to regulate intake manifold pressure (MAP) and exhaust manifold pressure (EXMAP), simultaneously, by controlling exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow rate and turbine flow rate. The first approach is high performance robust controller design using nonlinear sliding surface. The second approach is extended input-output linearization for sliding mode control. The third approach is using proportional integral sliding mode control (PISMC) method into turbocharged diesel engine.