Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) Corporate / Consumer-CSR Activities and Brand Attitude

Xiao-Lei Yu(유효뢰),Ju-Hua Li(이국화),Ju-Hyoung Lee(이주형) 동아인문학회 2014 동아인문학 Vol.28 No.-

본 연구는 삼성, 현대자동차, LG전자 등 중국 시장에서 기업 환경변화를 주도하고 있는 한국기업에 대한 연구와 고찰을 통해 CSR 활동과 적합성, 기업의 평판, 기업의 신뢰도, 소비자들의 태도 간의 상관관계를 분석하고 있다. 최근 기업의 사회적 책임을 중요시하는 움직임이 갈수록 활발해지고 있으며, 특히 해외에서의 CRS 활동은 더욱 강조되고 있는 추세다. 하지만 여전히 이에 대한 깊이 있는 연구 성과는 아직 미흡한 것이 현실이다. 본 연구는 필드 샘플링, 네트워크 샘플링, 단계별 샘플링 추출, 설문지조사 등 다양한 방법들을 결합시켜 연구를 진행하였다. 필드 샘플링은 주로 한국의 경상도 지역과 중국의 창사(長沙), 선양(沈陽) 등의 지역에서 이루어졌으며, 네트워크를 통한 설문지 샘플링 조사는 베이징(北京), 홍콩, 다렌(大連), 창춘(長春), 창사(長沙), 우한(武漢)에서 진행하였으며, 현지조사는 주로 원 투 원 방식을 취했는데 주요 내용은 CSR 활동 사례, CSR에 대한 전반적 질문, 규모측정, 인구통계학적 문제로 구성되었다. 본 논문은 다음과 같은 6가지의 가설을 설정하고 연구를 진행하였는데 설문조사와 통계분석을 통해 다음과 같은 결론과 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, CSR 활동 중 사회 경제적 책임감과 환경보호 요소 변수는 기업의 CSR 적합성에 대해 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 적합성 변수 중 기업과 CSR 활동 간 적합성 변수는 기업의 신뢰도에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 기업 신뢰도 변수는 소비자의 모든 태도 변수 즉 인지적 태도, 감정적 태도, 행위적 태도를 포함한 태도 변수에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 기업 평판에도 긍정적 효과로 작용한다. 넷째, 삼성과 기타 중국 진출 대기업들은 CSR 활동과 기업의 CSR 적합성, 기업 신뢰도, 기업 평판, 브랜드 태도 간의 상호관계 면에서 차이점을 보이고 있다는 결론을 도출해 내었다.

Efficient Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a Novel FAD-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase from Aspergillus terreus in Pichia pastoris

( Yu Feng Yang ),( Lei Huang ),( Ju Fang Wang ),( Xiao Ning Wang ),( Zhi Nan Xu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.11

Flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) can utilize a variety of external electron acceptors and also has stricter substrate specificity than any other glucose oxidoreductases, which makes it the ideal diagnostic enzyme in the field of glucose biosensors. A gene coding for a hypothetical protein, similar to glucose oxidase and derived from Aspergillus terreus NIH2624, was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 under the control of an AOX1 promoter with a level of 260,000 U/l in the culture supernatant after fed-batch cultivation for 84 h. After a three-step purification protocol that included isopropanol precipitation, affinity chromatography, and a second isopropanol precipitation, recombinant FAD-GDH was purified with a recovery of 65%. This is the first time that isopropanol precipitation has been used to concentrate a fermentation supernatant and exchange buffers after affinity chromatography purification. The purified FAD-GDH exhibited a broad and diffuse band between 83 and 150 kDa. The recombinant FAD-GDH was stable across a wide pH range (3.5 to 9.0) with maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 55°C. In addition, it displayed very high thermal stability, with a half-life of 82 min at 60°C. These characteristics indicate that FAD-GDH will be useful in the field of glucose biosensors.

Characteristics and Impact Factors of Renal Threshold for Glucose Excretion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Xiao-Dan Yue,Jing-Yu Wang,Xin-Rong Zhang,Ju-Hong Yang,Chun-Yan Shan,Miao-Yan Zheng,Hui-Zhu Ren,Yi Zhang,Shao-Hua Yang,Zhen-Hong Guo,Bai Chang,Bao-Cheng Chang 대한의학회 2017 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.32 No.4

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are newly developed but promising medicine for type 2 diabetes. However, patients with a different renal threshold for glucose excretion (RTG) may have a different reaction to this medicine. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of RTG and its impact factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The clinical and laboratory data of 36 healthy individuals and 168 in-hospital patients with T2DM were collected and analyzed, RTG was calculated using blood glucose (BG) measured by dynamic BG monitoring, urinary glucose excretion (UGE) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The characteristics of RTG were investigated. The risk factors for high RTG were analyzed using non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Our results found that RTG of the T2DM group was higher than that of the healthy individuals (P < 0.05); and 22.22% from the healthy individuals group but 58.33% from the T2DM group had high RTG. Age, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were independently associated with high RTG (P < 0.05). Further stratified analysis revealed that RTG in T2DM patients increased with age, duration of diabetes, and BMI. In conclusion, RTG is increased in patients with T2DM, especially in those with longer diabetic duration, higher BMI, and those who are older. Therefore, these patients may be more sensitive to SGLT-2 inhibitors.

Assessing the Diagnostic Value of Serum Dickkopf-related Protein 1 Levels in Cancer Detection: a Case-control Study and Meta-analysis

Jiang, Xiao-Ting,Ma, Ying-Yu,Guo, Kun,Xia, Ying-Jie,Wang, Hui-Ju,Li, Li,He, Xu-Jun,Huang, Dong-Sheng,Tao, Hou-Quan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.21

Background: This study aimed to summarize the potential diagnostic value of serum DKK1 levels in cancer detection. Materials and Methods: Serum DKK1 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a case-control study. Then we performed a meta-analysis and the pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curves were used to evaluate the overall test performance. Results: Serum DKK1 levels were found to be significantly upregulated in gastric cancer as compared to controls. ROC curve analysis revealed an AUC of 0.636, indicating the test has the potential to diagnose cancer with poor accuracy. The summary estimates of the pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio in meta-analysis were 0.55 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.53-0.57), 0.86 (95%CI, 0.84-0.88) and 12.25 (95%CI, 5.31-28.28), respectively. The area under the sROC was 0.85. Subgroup analysis revealed that the diagnostic accuracy of serum DKK1 in lung cancer (sensitivity: 0.69 with 95%CI, 0.66-0.74; specificity: 0.95 with 95%CI, 0.92-0.97; diagnostic odds ratio: 44.93 with 95%CI, 26.19-77.08) was significantly higher than for any other cancer. Conclusions: Serum DKK1 might be useful as a noninvasive method for confirmation of cancer diagnosis, particularly in the case of lung cancer.

Decorative Patterns of the Traditional Chinese Handicraft of Quwo(曲沃) Craft Gourds(花葫蘆) and Their Connotations -From the Perspective of “Praying for Happiness and Blessing Auspiciousness(祈福納祥)”-

Dong, Yu Xiao(동위샤오),Chang, Ju Young(장주영) 한국디자인문화학회 2020 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구는 중국 예술의 다양한 장르에 함축되어 있는 ‘행복(福)’, ‘부귀(禄)’, ‘장수(寿)’라는 “길상과 구복”의 세 가지 관점에서 중국 전통 공예품인 취워현(曲沃縣) 지역의 조롱박공예(花葫蘆)의 장식문양과 그 함의에 관해 분석 · 탐구한다. 이를 위해 현장을 직접 방문하여 작품의 사진촬영과 함께 장인, 지역주민, 전문가 및 소장가들의 인터뷰를 하고, 작품의 관찰 · 조사를 통하여 취워현 조롱박공예의 기원, 유형, 기술, 소재, 문양 및 의미에 관해 비교적 포괄적인 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구는 “길상과 구복(祈福吉祥)”이라는 중국 특유의 이념에 근거하여, 독창적인 방법으로 150개의 다양한 조롱박공예(花葫蘆)의 문양을 분류하였다. 즉, 먼저 조롱박 공예품을 각기 다른 유형, 소재, 공예 기법 등으로 나누고, 다시 문양을 중심으로 선행문헌연구를 기반하여 ‘행복(福)’, ‘부귀(禄)’, ‘장수(寿)’의 세 의미로 분류하였다. 그리고 각 분류된 항목에 대해서 다시 인물, 동물, 식물, 자연, 보물 등의 문양으로 구분하여 상징하는 의미를 분석하였는데, 이들은 모두 각기 상응하는 함의를 지니고 있다. 그리고 문헌연구를 기반으로 다른 지역과의 비교를 통하여 취워현 조롱박공예의 문양이 유독 “길상과 구복”의 경향성이 강한 차별점을 발견할 수 있었다. 취워현 조롱박 공예품은 장인정신에서부터 장식문양에 이르기까지, 대대로 민간 장인에 전승되어온 뛰어난 기술과 그들의 전통 예술, 문화, 민속 등 영역에서 불후의 정신을 계승하고 있다. 이러한 분류방식에 의한 문양과 그 함의에 관한 연구는 중국 전통 예술, 문화, 민속 등의 정수를 반영하는 것이며, 본 연구를 통하여 향후 관련 연구자, 박물관, 데이터베이스, 사회기관 등에 관련 정보를 담은 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. Based on the concept of “praying for happiness and blessing auspiciousness”, this study aims to explore the decorative patterns of the traditional Chinese handicraft of Quwo Craft Gourds, and their connotations from the three aspects of Fu (福), Lu (祿) and Shou (壽). Through the field visit and investigation, this study presented a more comprehensive understanding of Quwo Craft Gourds, ranging from their origins, varieties, craftsmanship, and subject matters to their patterns and connotations. Based on the concept of “praying for happiness and blessing auspiciousness,” we creatively classified and analysed the patterns of Quwo Craft Gourds of different varieties, subjects, or craftsmanship into three categories: Fu, Lu, and Shou patterns, each of which can be sub-classified into those with figures, animals, plants, nature, treasures, etc., all bearing their corresponding connotations. From their craftsmanship to decorative patterns, Quwo Craft Gourds perpetuate the superb, handed-down skills of folk craftsmen as well as their enduring spirit in the fields of traditional art, culture, and folklore among the generations. These classifications reflects the essence of Chinese traditional art, culture, folklore, etc., and provides information for future researchers, museums, databases, social institutions, and the like. As inexhaustible sources of inspiration for contemporary art, design, culture, and folklore, these crafts provide us with new ideas and references while being linked with our history, culture, art, and tradition.

Predictive Value of Xrcc1 Gene Polymorphisms for Side Effects in Patients undergoing Whole Breast Radiotherapy: a Meta-analysis

Xie, Xiao-Xue,Ouyang, Shu-Yu,Jin, He-Kun,Wang, Hui,Zhou, Ju-Mei,Hu, Bing-Qiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12

Radiation-induced side effects on normal tissue are determined largely by the capacity of cells to repair radiation-induced DNA damage. X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) plays an important role in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks. Studies have shown conflicting results regarding the association between XRCC1 gene polymorphisms (Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, -77T>C and Arg280His) and radiation-induced side effects in patients undergoing whole breast radiotherapy. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the predictive value of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms in this regard. Analysis of the 11 eligible studies comprising 2,199 cases showed that carriers of the XRCC1 399 Gln allele had a higher risk of radiation-induced toxicity than those with the 399 ArgArg genotype in studies based on high-quality genotyping methods [Gln vs. ArgArg: OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.20-2.86] or in studies with mixed treatment regimens of radiotherapy alone and in combination with chemotherapy [Gln vs. ArgArg: OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.09-2.23]. The XRCC1 Arg399Gln variant allele was associated with mixed acute and late adverse reactions when studies on late toxicity only were excluded [Gln allele vs. Arg allele: OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.00-1.49]. In contrast, the XRCC1 Arg280His variant allele was protective against radiation-induced toxicity in studies including patients treated by radiotherapy alone [His allele vs. Arg allele: OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96]. Our results suggest that XRCC1 399Gln and XRCC1 280Arg may be independent predictors of radiation-induced toxicity in post-surgical breast cancer patients, and the selection of genotyping method is an important factor in determining risk factors. No evidence for any predictive value of XRCC1 Arg194Trp and XRCC1 -77T>C was found. So, larger and well-designed studies might be required to further evaluate the predictive value of XRCC1 gene variation on radiation-induced side effects in patients undergoing whole breast radiotherapy.

Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution Effects on Perioperative Coagulation in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hepatic Carcinectomy

Guo, Jian-Rong,Jin, Xiao-Ju,Yu, Jun,Xu, Feng,Zhang, Yi-Wei,Shen, Hua-Chun,Shao, Yi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

Background: Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) has been widely used to prevent the massive blood loss during hepatic carcinoma. The influences of ANH on coagulation function are still controversy, especially in elderly patients. The study observed ANH effects on coagulation function and fibrinolysis in elderly patients undergoing the disease. Materials and Methods: Thirty elderly patients (aged 60-70 yr) with liver cancer (ASA I or II) taken hepatic carcinectomy from February 2007 to February 2008 were randomly divided into ANH group (n=15) and control group (n=15). After tracheal intubation, patients in ANH group and control group were infused with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) and Ringer's solution, respectively. Blood samples were drawn from patients in both groups at five different time points: before anesthesia induction (T1), 30 min after ANH (T2), 1 h after start of operation (T3), immediately after operation (T4), and 24 h after operation (T5). Then coagulation function, soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC), prothrombin fragment (F1+2), and platelet membrane glycoprotein (CD62P and activated GP IIb/GP IIIa) were measured. Results: The perioperative blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion were recorded during the surgery. The perioperative blood loss was not significantly different between two groups (p>0.05), but the volume of allogeneic blood transfusion in ANH group was significantly less than in control group ($350.0{\pm}70.7$) mL vs. ($457.0{\pm}181.3$) mL (p<0.01). Compared with the data of T1, the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) measured after T3 were significantly longer (p<0.05) in both groups, but within normal range. There were no significant changes of thrombin time (TT) and D-dimer between two groups at different time points (p>0.05). SFMC and F1+2 increased in both groups, but were not statistically significant. PAC-1-positive cells and CD62P expressions in patients of ANH group were significantly lower than those at T1 (p<0.05) and T2-T5 (p>0.05). Conclusions: ANH has no obvious impact on fibrinolysis and coagulation function in elderly patients undergoing resection of liver cancer. The study suggested that ANH is safe to use in elderly patients and it could reduce allogeneic blood transfusion.

Effects of Stellate Ganglion Block on the Peri-operative Vasomotor Cytokine Content and Intrapulmonary Shunt in Patients with Esophagus Cancer

Guo, Wei,Jin, Xiao-Ju,Yu, Jun,Liu, Yang,Zhang, Jian-Ping,Yang, Da-Wei,Zhang, Lei,Guo, Jiang-Rong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.21

Objective: To investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on the peri-operative vasomotor cytokine content and intrapulmonary shunt in patients with esophagus cancer who underwent thoracotomy. Materials and Methods: Forty patients undergoing elective resection of esophageal cancer patients who had I~II American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) were randomly divided into total intravenous anesthesia group (group N, n=20) and total intravenous anesthesia combined with SGB group (group S, n=20, 0.12 mL/kg 1% lidocaine was used for SGB 10 min before induction). Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and continuous cardiac output (CCO) were continuously monitored. The blood from internal jugular vein was drawn respectively before induction ($T_0$), and 30 min ($T_1$), 60 min ($T_2$) and 120 min ($T_3$) after one-lung ventilation (OLV), and 30 min (T4) after two-lung ventilation. The contents of plasma endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Meanwhile, arterial and mixed venous blood samples were collected for determination of blood gas and calculation of intrapulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt). Results: During OLV, ET contents were increased significantly in two groups (P<0.05), and no significant difference was presented (P>0.05). NO content in group S was obviously higher than in group N at T3 (P<0.05), whereas CGRP content in group N was markedly lower than in group S at each time point (P<0.05). Qs/Qt was significantly increased in both groups after OLV, but there was no statistical significant regarding the Qs/Qt at each time point between two groups. Conclusions: Total intravenous anesthesia combined with SGB is conducive to regulation of perioperative vasomotor cytokines in thoracotomy, and has little effect on intrapulmonary shunt at the time of OLV.

Engineering the Japanese encephalitis virus RNA genome for the expression of foreign genes of various sizes: Implications for packaging capacity and RNA replication efficiency

Yun, Sang-Im,Choi, Yu-Jeong,Yu, Xiao-Fang,Song, Jae-Young,Shin, Young-Hak,Ju, Young-Ran,Kim, Seok-Yong,Lee, Young-Min Informa Healthcare 2007 Journal of neurovirology Vol.13 No.6

<P> Using the RNA replication machinery of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the authors have established and characterized three strategies for the expression of foreign genes. Initially, ≈ 11 kb genomic RNA was engineered to express heterologous genes of various sizes by preferentially inserting a new cistron at the beginning of the 3' nontranslated variable region. RNA transfection yielded recombinant viruses that initiated foreign gene expression after infecting permissive cells. JEV was capable of packaging recombinant genomes as large as ≈ 15 kb. However, larger genome size was inversely correlated with RNA replication efficiency and cytopathogenicity, with no significant change in infectivity. Second, a variety of self-replicating propagation-deficient viral replicons were constructed by introducing one to three in-frame deletions into the ectodomains of all the structural proteins of JEV. These replicons displayed a spectrum of RNA replication efficiency upon transfection, suggesting that remnant transmembrane domains play a suppressive role in this process. Third, the authors generated a panel of stable packaging cell lines (PCLs) providing all three JEV structural proteins in trans. These PCLs efficiently packaged viral replicon RNAs into single-round infectious viral replicon particles. These JEV-based virus/vector systems may provide useful tools for a variety of biological applications, including foreign gene expression, antiviral compound screening, and genetic immunization.</P>

Metabolic dynamics across prolonged diapause development in larvae of the sawfly, Cephalcia chuxiongica (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae)

Xu Rong,Chen Yu-Hui,Xia Ju-Fei,Zeng Ting-Xiao,Li Yong-He,Zhu Jia-Ying 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2

Nutrient metabolism is crucial for the survival of insects through the diapause. However, little is known about the metabolic mechanism of prolonged diapause. The sawfly, Cephalcia chuxiongica (Hymenoptera: Pamphilii�dae), is a notorious defoliator of pine trees in southwest China. One of the distinguishing biological character�istics of this pest is the prolonged diapause of about 1.5 years. In this study, the body lipid, carbohydrate (total body sugar, glycogen, trehalose, and glucose), protein, and glycerol contents were measured in diapausing larvae of C. chuxiongica. The results showed that the changes of biochemical composition in C. chuxiongica are asso�ciated with the diapause initiation, maintenance, and termination phases. During the initiation phase, trehalose, glucose, and glycerol increased significantly, but glycogen decreased sharply. In general, the lipid, carbohydrate, and glycerol levels decreased gradually across the maintenance phase. At termination phase, the contents of glycogen and lipid persistently decreased, while an increase of trehalose, glucose, and glycerol contents were detected. The protein level was significantly higher at maintenance phase than at initiation and termination phases. It was also found that elevation of trehalose, glucose, and glycerol contents occurred in winter. These implies that the metabolites with altered levels in diapausing larvae of C. chuxiongica are responsible for maintaining a prolonged development and overwintering.