<tex> $ \phi $</tex> photoproduction on the proton at <tex> $ E_{\gamma }=1.5\hbox{--}2.9\;\mathrm{GeV}$</tex>

Mizutani, K.,Niiyama, M.,Nakano, T.,Yosoi, M.,Nozawa, Y.,Ahn, D. S.,Ahn, J. K.,Chang, W. C.,Chen, J. Y.,Daté,, S.,Gohn, W.,Hamano, H.,Hashimoto, T.,Hicks, K.,Hiraiwa, T.,Hotta, T.,Hwang, S. H.,I American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review C Vol.96 No.6

<P>Differential cross sections at t = t(min) and decay asymmetries for the gamma p -> phi p reaction have been measured using linearly polarized photons in the range 1.5 to 2.9 GeV. These cross sections were used to determine the Pomeron strength factor. The cross sections and decay asymmetries are consistently described by the t-channel Pomeron and pseudoscalar exchange model in the E-gamma region above 2.37 GeV. In the lower energy region, an excess over the model prediction is observed in the energy dependence of the differential cross sections at t = t(min). This observation suggests that additional processes or interference effects between Pomeron exchange and other processes appear near the threshold region.</P>

c-Cbl-Mediated Neddylation Antagonizes Ubiquitination and Degradation of the TGF-β Type II Receptor

Zuo, W.,Huang, F.,Chiang, Y.,Li, M.,Du, J.,Ding, Y.,Zhang, T.,Lee, H.,Jeong, L.,Chen, Y.,Deng, H.,Feng, X.H.,Luo, S.,Gao, C.,Chen, Y.G. Cell Press 2013 Molecular cell Vol.49 No.3

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a potent antiproliferative factor in multiple types of cells. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling is associated with the development of many cancers, including leukemia, though the molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we show that Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), a known proto-oncogene encoding an ubiquitin E3 ligase, promotes TGF-β signaling by neddylating and stabilizing the type II receptor (TβRII). Knockout of c-Cbl decreases the TβRII protein level and desensitizes hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells to TGF-β stimulation, while c-Cbl overexpression stabilizes TβRII and sensitizes leukemia cells to TGF-β. c-Cbl conjugates neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8), a ubiquitin-like protein, to TβRII at Lys556 and Lys567. Neddylation of TβRII promotes its endocytosis to EEA1-positive early endosomes while preventing its endocytosis to caveolin-positive compartments, therefore inhibiting TβRII ubiquitination and degradation. We have also identified a neddylation-activity-defective c-Cbl mutation from leukemia patients, implying a link between aberrant TβRII neddylation and leukemia development.

Studies on Cryopreservation of D-shaped and Umbo Larvae of Arkshel1(Scapharca broughtonii)

K.H. Kang,K. H. Kho,Z.T. Chen,Kim Y.H.,Kim J.M. 한국발생생물학회 2003 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2003 No.1

The present study examined the possibility of cryopreservation of the D-shaped and umbo larvae of arkshell (Scapharca broughtonii), in terms of the survival rates after freezing and thawing. D-shaped and umbo larvae of arkshells were obtained from a shellfish farming on Yosu city. The average shell lengths were m and , respectively. Five cryoprotectants (CPAs), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), and methanol, were tested at the concentrations of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 M. After larvae suspended in CPAs, cryoprotectants were loaded in 0.5 ml straws at a larval density of 50-100 larvae per straw, and epuilibrated for 10 and 20 minute at room temperature (), repectively. Straws were cooled at a rate of /min from to , held for 5 min at , and then cooled at /min to and equilibrated for 5 min followed by plunging in liquid nitrogen. After storage in liquid nitrogen for 1 day, straws were thawed in a water. As soon as straws were observed to melt, larvae were diluted with an equal volume of ASW and then washed twice with a large volume of ASW at an interval of 2 min to unload the CPAs. The results showed that after equilibration for 10 and 20 minute at room temperature, no larvae survived using methanol as CPAs, and it was observed that larval shells all open slightly, and larval flesh broke down and slopped over the shells. The highest survival rates (D-shaped larvae: 77.6%, umbo larvae: 59.3%) were obtained with 2M DMSO, and 1.5M glycerol yielded survival rates of 53.8% for D-shaped larvae and 37.5% for umbo larvae. The surviving D-shaped larvae showed active rotary motion and perfect membrane integrity and cytoplasmic normality, and the vigorous movement of veliger cilia was observed inside the closed shells. The breakdown of tissue occurred in the abnormal larvae, and the isolated cell often run out of shells.

Differential cross section and photon-beam asymmetry for the <tex> $ \vec {\gamma }p\rightarrow \pi ^{+}n$</tex> reaction at forward <tex> $ \pi ^{+}$</tex> angles at <tex> $ E_{\gamma }=1.5$</tex> -2.95 GeV

Kohri, H.,Wang, S. Y.,Shiu, S. H.,Chang, W. C.,Yanai, Y.,Ahn, D. S.,Ahn, J. K.,Chen, J. Y.,Daté,, S.,Ejiri, H.,Fujimura, H.,Fujiwara, M.,Fukui, S.,Gohn, W.,Hicks, K.,Hosaka, A.,Hotta, T.,Hwang, American Physical Society 2018 Physical review. C Vol.97 No.1

<P>Differential cross sections and photon-beam asymmetries for the (gamma) over right arrowp -> pi(+) n reaction have been measured for 0.6 < cos theta(pi) < 1 and E-gamma = 1.5-2.95 GeV at SPring-8/LEPS. The cross sections monotonically decrease as the photon beam energy increases for 0.6 < cos theta(pi) < 0.9. However, the energy dependence of the cross sections for 0.9 < cos theta(pi) < 1 and E-gamma = 1.5-2.2 GeV (W = 1.9-2.2 GeV) is different, which may be due to a nucleon or Delta resonance. The present cross sections agree well with the previous cross sections measured by other groups and show forward peaking, suggesting significant t-channel contributions in this kinematical region. The asymmetries are found to be positive, which can be explained by rho exchange in the t channel. Large positive asymmetries in the small-vertical bar t vertical bar region, where the rho-exchange contribution becomes small, could be explained by introducing p-exchange interference with the s channel.</P>

Photoproduction of <tex> $ \Uplambda $</tex> and <tex> $ \Upsigma ^{0}$</tex> hyperons off protons with linearly polarized photons at <tex> $ E_{\gamma }=1.5\hbox{--}3.0$</tex> GeV

Shiu, S. H.,Kohri, H.,Chang, W. C.,Ahn, D. S.,Ahn, J. K.,Chen, J. Y.,Daté,, S.,Ejiri, H.,Fujimura, H.,Fujiwara, M.,Fukui, S.,Gohn, W.,Hicks, K.,Hotta, T.,Hwang, S. H.,Imai, K.,Ishikawa, T.,Joo, American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review C Vol.97 No.1

<P>We report the measurement of the gamma p -> K+Lambda and gamma p -> K+Sigma(0) reactions at SPring-8. The differential cross sections and photon-beam asymmetries are measured at forward K+ production angles using linearly polarized tagged-photon beams in the range of E-gamma = 1.5-3.0 GeV. With increasing photon energy, the cross sections for both gamma p -> K+Lambda and gamma p -> K+Sigma(0) reactions decrease slowly. Distinct narrow structures in the production cross section have not been found at E gamma = 1.5-3.0 GeV. The forward peaking in the angular distributions of cross sections, a characteristic feature of t-channel exchange, is observed for the production of Lambda in the whole observed energy range. A lack of similar feature for Sigma(0) production reflects a less dominant role of t-channel contribution in this channel. The photon-beam asymmetries remain positive for both reactions, suggesting the dominance of K* exchange in the t channel. These asymmetries increase gradually with the photon energy, and have a maximum value of +0.6 for both reactions. Comparison with theoretical predictions based on the Regge trajectory in the t channel and the contributions of nucleon resonances indicates the major role of t-channel contributions as well as non-negligible effects of nucleon resonances in accounting for the reaction mechanism of hyperon photoproduction in this photon energy regime.</P>

Nitrate Reduction and Pigment Formation of Chinese-Style Sausage Mixes Caused by Micrococcaceae

Guo, H.L.,Chen, M.T.,Liu, D.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.8

This study investigated the nitrate reduction ability of Micrococcaceae on pigment formation in Chinese- style sausage. One hundred ppm sodium nitrite and 150 ppm sodium nitrate was added asepticly to ground pork which was then inoculated with $10^7CFU/g$ of either Micrococcus varians, Staphylococcus carnosus or Staphylococcus xylosus. All samples were cured at $20{^{\circ}C}$ or $30{^{\circ}C}$ for 3 days and then color, residue nitrite, nitrosyl pigment and residue nitrate were determined. The results indicated that samples inoculated with S. xylosus had higher a- and b- values due to nitrate reduction and pigment production after 3 days curing and these values were higher at the higher curing temperature. The nitrosyl pigment of the samples with S. xylosus had highest values after 3 days curing at both $20{^{\circ}C}$ and $30{^{\circ}C}$. However, sample inoculated with S. carnosus and S. xylosus had lower nitrate contents than the sample inoculated with M. varians. At $30{^{\circ}C}$ as well as S. carnosus and M. varians had a stronger decreasing in nitrate concentration during curing at $20{^{\circ}C}$. Moreover, samples inoculated with S. xylosus and S. carnosus had a higher residual nitrite content during curing at $20{^{\circ}C}$ or $30{^{\circ}C}$. In conclusion, two Staphylococci strains tested were most optimum starter cultures for improving pigment formation during Chinese-style sausage curing.

Biochemical Characteristics of Micrococcus varians, Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus and Their Growth on Chinese-Style Beaker Sausage

Guo, H.L.,Chen, M.T.,Liu, D.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate protein and carbohydrate utilization of Micrococcus varians, Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus. Sensitivity to pH, sodium chloride, potassium sorbate and sodium nitrite of these strains was also determined. In Chinese-style beaker sausage manufacturing, the growth rate of these strains during the curing period ($20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$) was evaluated. The results indicated that no strains could hydrolyze azo-casein and sarcoplasmic protein and only S. xylosus could hydrolyze gelatin at $30^{\circ}C$. All of these strains could oxidize and ferment fructose and mannitol. S. carnosus and S. xylosus could slightly oxidize lactose and utilize citrate. Arabinose was oxidized by S. xylosus and sorbitol was oxidized by S. carnosus. Growth of M. varians was restricted at pH 5.0 and S. carnosus and S. xylosus were restricted at pH 4.5. S. xylosus and S. carnosus were able to grow with 0.1~0.5% potassium sorbate, 50~200 ppm sodium nitrite or 1~15% sodium chloride. S. xylosus had a higher growth rate than the other strains. Staphylococcus species grew well during curing period of Chinese-style beaker sausage then followed by Micrococcaceae.

Ultrafast Pump-Probe Study of Phase Separation and Competing Orders in the Underdoped(Ba,K)Fe2As2Superconductor

Chia, Elbert E. M.,Talbayev, D.,Zhu, Jian-Xin,Yuan, H. Q.,Park, T.,Thompson, J. D.,Panagopoulos, C.,Chen, G. F.,Luo, J. L.,Wang, N. L.,Taylor, A. J. American Physical Society 2010 Physical Review Letters Vol.104 No.2

<P>We report measurements of quasiparticle relaxation dynamics in the high-temperature superconductor (Ba,K)Fe2As2 in optimally doped, underdoped, and undoped regimes. In the underdoped sample, spin-density wave (SDW) order forms at approximately 85 K, followed by superconductivity at approximately 28 K. We find the emergence of a normal-state order that suppresses SDW at a temperature T{*} approximately 60 K and argue that this normal-state order is a precursor to superconductivity.</P>

Investigation of PCR-RFLPs within Major Histocompatibility Complex B-G Genes Using Two Restriction Enzymes in Eight Breeds of Chinese Indigenous Chickens

R. F. Xu,K. Li,G. H. Chen,B. Y. Z. Qiang,D. L. Mo,B. Fan,C. C. Li,M. Yu,M. J. Zhu,T. A. Xiong,B. Liu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.7

New polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex B-G genes was investigated by amplification and digestion of a 401bp fragment including intron 1 and exon 2 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) technique with two restriction enzymes of Msp I and Tas I in eight breeds of Chinese indigenous chickens and one exotic breed. In the fragment region of the gene, three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected at the two restriction sites. We found the transition of two nucleotides of A294G and T295C occurred at Tas I restriction site, and consequently led to a nonsynonymous substitution of asparagine into serine at position 54 within the deduced amino acid sequence of immunoglobulin variableregion- like domain encoded by the exon 2 of B-G gene. It was observed at rare frequency that a single mutation of A294G occurring at the site, also caused an identical substitution of amino acid, asparagine 54-to-serine, to that we described previously. And the transversion of G319C at Msp I site led to a non-synonymous substitution, glutamine 62-to-histidine. The new alleles and allele frequencies identified by the PCR-RFLP method with the two enzymes were characterized, of which the allele A and B frequencies at Msp I and Tas I loci were given disequilibrium distribution either in the eight Chinese local breeds or in the exotic breed. By comparison, allele A at Msp I locus tended to be dominant, while, the allele B at Tas I locus tended to be dominant in all of the breeds analyzed. In Tibetan chickens, the preliminary association analysis revealed that no significant difference was observed between the different genotypes identified at the Msp I and Tas I loci and the laying performance traits, respectively.

Combined strain gradient and concrete strength effects on flexural strength and ductility design of RC columns

M.T. Chen,J. C. M. Ho 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2015 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.15 No.4

The stress-strain relationship of concrete in flexure is one of the essential parameters in assessing the flexural strength and ductility of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. An overview of previous research studies revealed that the presence of strain gradient would affect the maximum concrete stress developed in flexure. However, no quantitative model was available to evaluate the strain gradient effect on concrete under flexure. Previously, the authors have conducted experimental studies to investigate the strain gradient effect on maximum concrete stress and respective strain and developed two strain-gradient-dependent factors k3 and ko for modifying the flexural concrete stress-strain curve. As a continued study, the authors herein will extend the investigation of strain gradient effects on flexural strength and ductility of RC columns to concrete strength up to 100 MPa by employing the strain-gradient-dependent concrete stress-strain curve using nonlinear moment-curvature analysis. It was evident from the results that both the flexural strength and ductility of RC columns are improved under strain gradient effect. Lastly, for practical engineering design purpose, a new equivalent rectangular concrete stress block incorporating the combined effects of strain gradient and concrete strength was proposed and validated. Design formulas and charts have also been presented for flexural strength and ductility of RC columns.