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Surveillance of avian influenza virus in wild bird fecal samples from South Korea, 2003-2008.
Kang, H M,Jeong, O M,Kim, M C,Kwon, J S,Paek, M R,Choi, J G,Lee, E K,Kim, Y J,Kwon, J H,Lee, Y J [Wildlife Disease Association] 2010 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES Vol.46 No.3
<P>We analyzed the results from nationwide surveillance of avian influenza (AI) from birds in South Korea's major wild bird habitats and the demilitarized zone of South Korea, 2003-2008. Of 28,214 fecal samples analyzed, 225 yielded influenza viruses, for a prevalence of 0.8%. Hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes H1-H12 and all nine neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were detected. The dominant HA subtypes were H6, H1, and H4, and the most common NA subtypes were N2, N1, and N6. Among the 38 HA/NA subtype combinations, the most common were H4N6, H6N1, and H5N2. Thirty-seven low-pathogenic AI (LPAI) viruses of the H5 and H7 subtype were detected. Among them, we identified bird species for 16 H5- and H7-positive fecal samples using a DNA bar-coding system instituted in 2007; all birds were identified as Anseriformes. The HA gene of the H5 wild bird isolates belonged to the Eurasian avian lineage, and could be clearly distinguished from the sublineage H5N1 highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) of the Eurasian and American avian lineages. Whereas H7 LPAI viruses did not group as a separate sublineage with H7 HPAI viruses, H7 isolates were closely related with the Eurasian avian lineage.</P>
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Park, M.K.,Park, S.,Kim, H.J.,Kim, E.J.,Kim, S.Y.,Kang, G.J.,Byun, H.J.,Kim, S.H.,Lee, H.,Lee, C.H. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 european journal of pharmacology Vol.775 No.-
<P>Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) evokes perinuclear reorganization of keratin 8 (K8) filaments and regulates the viscoelasticity of metastatic cancer cells leading to enhanced migration. Few studies have addressed the compounds modulating the viscoelasticity of metastatic cancer cells. We studied the effects of sphingosine (SPH), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), FTY720 and FTY720-phosphate (FTY720P) on SPC-induced K8 phosphorylation and reorganization using Western blot and confocal microscopy, and also evaluated the elasticity of PANC-1 cells by atomic force microscopy. FTY720, FTY720P, SPH, and SIP concentration-dependently inhibited SPC-evoked phosphorylation and reorganization of K8, and migration of PANC-1 cells. SPC triggered reduction and narrow distribution of elastic constant K and conversely, FTY720 blocked them. A common upstream regulator of JNK and ERK, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) expression was reduced by SPC, but was restored by FTY720 and FTY72P. Butyryl forskolin, a PP2A activator, suppressed SPC-induced K8 phosphorylation and okadaic acid, a PP2A inhibitor, induced K8 phosphorylation. Gene silencing of PP2A also led to K8 phosphorylation, reorganization and migration. We also investigated the involvement of GPR12, a high-affinity SPC receptor, in SPC-evoked keratin phosphorylation and reorganization. GPR12 siRNA suppressed the SPC-triggered phosphorylation and reorganization of K8. GPR12 overexpression stimulated keratin phosphorylation and reorganization even without SPC. FTY720 and FTY720P suppressed the GPR12-induced phosphorylation and reorganization of K8. The collective data indicates that FTY720 and FTY720P suppress SPC-induced phosphorylation and reorganization of K8 in PANC-1 cells by restoring the expression of PP2A via GPR12. These findings might be helpful in the development of compounds that modulate the viscoelasticity of metastatic cancer cells and various SPC actions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
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<i>CYP2C19</i> haplotypes in Koreans as a marker of enzyme activity evaluated with omeprazole
Jin, S. K.,Kang, T. S.,Eom, S. O.,Kim, J.-I.,Lee, H. J.,Roh, J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics Vol.34 No.4
<P>Summary</P><P>Background and objective: </P><P>CYP2C19 is clinically important in Korea because of the relatively high incidence of poor metabolizers in the population. To fully understand the genetic mechanism of the <I>CYP2C19</I> defect in poor metabolizers, all variants need to be studied simultaneously. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of <I>CYP2C19</I> haplotypes as a marker of CYP2C19 enzyme activity in Koreans.</P><P>Methods: </P><P>We analysed the single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes of the <I>CYP2C19</I> gene in 150 healthy Koreans and found three major (frequency > 0·1) haplotypes (H1, H2 and H3). One oral dose of 40 mg omeprazole (Losec<SUP>®</SUP>) was administered to 30 subjects grouped as H1/H1, H2/H2, H1/H2, H1/H3 and H2/H3. The pharmacokinetics of omeprazole and its metabolites, 5-hydroxyomeprazole and omeprazole sulphone, in those groups was analysed.</P><P>Results and discussion: </P><P>The area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC<SUB>0→∞</SUB>) and elimination half-life (<I>T</I><SUB>1/2</SUB>) of omeprazole were significantly greater in the H2/H2 and H2/H3 groups than in the H1/H1 group (<I>P </I><<I> </I>0·05), whereas the metabolic ratios of omeprazole to 5-hydroxyomeprazole were also markedly higher.</P><P>Conclusion: </P><P>Although a specific SNP of <I>CYP2C19</I> may be predictive of enzyme activity, haplotyping is more reliable for identifying poor metabolizers in populations with variant alleles other than <I>CYP2C19*2</I> and <I>*3</I> alleles.</P>
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Genetics and biological property analysis of Korea lineage of influenza A H9N2 viruses
Kang, M.,Jang, H.K. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2017 Veterinary microbiology Vol.204 No.-
<P>H9N2 influenza viruses have been detected from wild and domestic avian species including chickens and ducks worldwide. Few studies have compared the biological properties of different H9N2 lineages or determined whether certain lineages might pose a higher risk to mammals, especially H9N2 viruses of Korean lineage. The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic and biological properties of 22 Korean H9N2 viruses and assess their potential risks to mammals. Their complete genomes were analyzed. Some Korean I-19N2 viruses were found to carry mammalian host-specific mutations. Based on genomic diversities, these H9N2 viruses were divided into 12 genotypes. All 22 showed preferential binding to human-like receptor. Two of eight H9N2 viruses were highly lethal to mice, causing 90-100% mortality without prior adaptation and severe respiratory syndromes associated with diffuse lung injury, severe pneumonia, and alveolar damage. These findings suggest that recent Korean H9N2 viruses might have established a stable sublineage with enhanced pathogenicity to mice. Various H9N2 strains pathogenic to mice were endemic in wild bird, poultry farm, and live bird markets, suggesting that Korean H9N2 viruses could evolve to become a threat to humans. The findings emphasize the necessity of careful, continuous, and thorough surveillance paired with risk-assessment for circulating H9N2 influenza viruses.</P>
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Kang, D W,Hwang, W C,Park, M H,Ko, G-H,Ha, W-S,Kim, K-S,Lee, Y-C,Choi, K-Y,Min, D S Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013 Oncogene Vol.32 No.30
Infection with cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for the development of severe gastritis and gastric cancer (GC). CagA protein is injected into gastric epithelial cells and deregulates a variety of cellular signaling molecules. Phospholipase D (PLD) is elevated in many different types of human cancers and has been implicated as a critical factor in inflammation and carcinogenesis. In this study, we show that infection with cagA-positive H. pylori in GC cells significantly induces PLD1 expression via CagA-dependent activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). Interestingly, the level of PLD1 protein and IκBα phosphorylation is aberrantly upregulated in H. pylori-infected human GC tissues. Infection with cagA-positive H. pylori and expression of CagA enhanced the binding of NFκB to the PLD1 promoter, and two functional NFκB-binding sites were identified within the PLD1 promoter. Rebamipide, a mucosal-protective antiulcer agent, abolished H. pylori cagA-induced PLD1 expression via inhibition of binding of NFκB to the PLD1 promoter, and also inhibited PLD activity. Moreover, rebamipide suppressed H. pylori-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin-8 and activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression as well as invasion of GC cells through downregulation of PLD1. Our data suggest that H. pylori cagA targets PLD1 for invasion of GC cells, and rebamipide might contribute to the antitumorigenic effect of GC cells via inhibition of the H. pylori cagA-NFκB-PLD1 signaling pathway.
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Synthesis and hydrogenation properties of lithium magnesium nitride
Kim, J.H.,Kang, Y.M.,Park, M.S.,Hwang, K.T. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY - Vol.36 No.16
Li-Mg-N-H systems have been focused on as one of the most promising hydrogen storage systems owing to their high hydrogen contents and binary nitride, LiMgN, has a high gravimetric storage density of 8.2 wt% H<SUB>2</SUB>. We synthesized LiMgN by a hydriding thermal reaction between Mg and LiNH<SUB>2</SUB> under various H<SUB>2</SUB> pressures and a subsequent dehydrogenation reaction, and optimized conditions for the formation of pure LiMgN. The results demonstrate that pure LiMgN can be produced using hydriding thermal synthesis at 80 bar H<SUB>2</SUB> pressure and 723 K. The hydriding and dehydriding characteristics of as-synthesized LiMgN were investigated by a Sievers' type instrument. The reaction product LiMgN can be rehydrogenated by reacting with H<SUB>2</SUB> under 80 bar of hydrogen pressure at 573 K, and then released under less than 0.5 bar at 573 K. The measured H<SUB>2</SUB> capacity is about 6.8 wt% during the hydrogenation process.
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Kang, K.C.,Ju, J.H.,Kim, S.S.,Baik, M.H.,Rhee, S.W. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2011 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.17 No.3
This paper describes the preparation, characterization, and application of three different synthetic manganese oxides (K-MO, H-MO, and Mg-MO). K-MO was synthesized by the reduction of potassium permanganate in an aqueous acidic medium. H-MO was prepared by an ion exchange reaction of K-MO with H<SUP>+</SUP>, while Mg-MO was prepared by reaction of H-MO and an aqueous Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> salt solution under reflux. The subsequent solid products were characterized by a chemical composition analysis, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, SEM, and BET measurements. XPS spectra revealed that only tetravalent manganese ions coordinated octahedrally with oxygens. XRD patterns showed that K-MO turned into a layer-structured material while Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> ions were incorporated into the gallery space of the tunnel-structured Mg-MO. Each type of manganese oxide was used in a sorption study of aqueous Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> at 25<SUP>o</SUP>C. The sorption of Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> ions by manganese oxide resulted in increases of the concentrations of pre-intercalated ions (potassium ions, protons, or magnesium ions) and Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> ions. In spite of the smaller surface area and pore volume, K-MO showed greater sorption capacity for Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> ions than that of Mg-MO under the present experimental conditions, thus suggesting that ion exchange is the main mechanism for the sorption of Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> ions on manganese oxides. The results are anticipated to be applicable to the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater and the prevention of migration of ions in landfill leachates.
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Kang, H.M.,Lee, E.K.,Song, B.M.,Heo, G.B.,Jung, J.,Jang, I.,Bae, Y.C.,Jung, S.C.,Lee, Y.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2017 Veterinary microbiology Vol.198 No.-
<P>A highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus was first detected in poultry and wild birds in South Korea in January 2014. Here, we determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three different clades of 1-15 viruses in mandarin ducks to examine the potential for wild bird infection. H5N8 (Glade 2.3.4.4) replicated more efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of mandarin ducks than two previously identified H5N1 virus clades (clades 2.2 and 2.3.2.1). However, none of the mandarin ducks infected with H5N8 and H5N1 viruses showed severe clinical signs or mortality, and gross lesions were only observed in a few tissues. Viral replication and shedding were greater in H5N8-infected ducks than in H5N1-infected ducks. Recovery of all viruses from control duck in contact with infected ducks indicated that the highly pathogenic H5 viruses spread horizontally through contact. Taken together, these results suggest that H5N8 viruses spread efficiently in mandarin ducks. Further studies of pathogenicity in wild birds are required to examine possible long-distance dissemination via migration routes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
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