BiP Internal Ribosomal Entry Site Activity Is Controlled by Heat-Induced Interaction of NSAP1

Cho, Sungchan,Park, Sung Mi,Kim, Tae Don,Kim, Jong Heon,Kim, Kyong-Tai,Jang, Sung Key American Society for Microbiology 2007 Molecular and cellular biology Vol.27 No.1

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>TheBiP protein, a stress response protein, plays an important role in the proper folding and assembly of nascent protein and in the scavenging of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Translation of BiP is directed by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in the 5′ nontranslated region of the BiP mRNA. BiP IRES activity increases when cells are heat stressed. Here we report that NSAP1 specifically enhances the IRES activity of BiP mRNA by interacting with the IRES element. Overexpression of NSAP1 in 293T cells increased the IRES activity of BiP mRNA, whereas knockdown of NSAP1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the IRES activity of BiP mRNA. The amount of NSAP1 bound to the BiP IRES increased under heat stress conditions, and the IRES activity of BiP mRNA was increased. Moreover, the increase in BiP IRES activity with heat treatment was not observed in cells lacking NSAP1 after siRNA treatment. BiP mRNAs were redistributed from the heavy polysome to the light polysome in NSAP1 knockdown cells. Together, these data indicate that NSAP1 modulates IRES-dependent translation of BiP mRNA through an RNA-protein interaction under heat stress conditions.</P>

A Study on the Land Cooperatives Model for the Stabilization of Traditional Market`s Business Foundation

SungChan Cho,SungHyun Sung 한국도시행정학회 2013 한국도시행정학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.9

After the Uruguay Round Negotiation (1996) and the establishment of "FOREIGN INVESTMENT PROMOTION ACT (1998), foreigners were permitted to own property in Korea. These factors mainly caused the gradual decline in traditional market`s market power. In such situation, Local governments and retailers have carried various programmes to revitalize traditional markets, but the owners of the shopping stores exclusively possessed the fruits resulted from the various participants" effort with the form of increased rent. This is the explicit failure of the property right. The purpose of this study is to find an alternative property structure where both the stabilization of business foundation and the construction of cooperative system can be allowed. The core of this alternative property structure is "the Land Cooperative Model" (LCM) The basic concept of LCM is that Land Community obtain the private land especially through land investment from land owners and re-lease the land to the traditional retailers who belonged to the land with stable land-lease contract. If so, then LCM can achieve two goals: 1) the change of private land into community land, 2) more stable business foundation for the traditional markets based on land-lease contract.

Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein Enhances the Internal Ribosomal Entry Site-Dependent Translation of p27Kip1 mRNA and Modulates Transition from G1 to S Phase

Cho, Sungchan,Kim, Jong Heon,Back, Sung Hoon,Jang, Sung Key American Society for Microbiology 2005 Molecular and cellular biology Vol.25 No.4

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP> protein plays a critical role in the regulation of cell proliferation through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Translation of p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP> is directed by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in the 5′ nontranslated region of p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP> mRNA. Here, we report that polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) specifically enhances the IRES activity of p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP> mRNA through an interaction with the IRES element. We found that addition of PTB to an in vitro translation system and overexpression of PTB in 293T cells augmented the IRES activity of p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP> mRNA but that knockdown of PTB by introduction of PTB-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) diminished the IRES activity of p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP> mRNA. Moreover, the G1 phase in the cell cycle (which is maintained in part by p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP>) was shortened in cells depleted of PTB by siRNA knockdown. 12-<I>O</I>-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced differentiation in HL60 cells was used to examine PTB-induced modulation of p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP> protein synthesis during differentiation. The IRES activity of p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP> mRNA in HL60 cells was increased by TPA treatment (with a concomitant increase in PTB protein levels), but the levels of p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP> mRNA remained unchanged. Together, these data suggest that PTB modulates cell cycle and differentiation, at least in part, by enhancing the IRES activity of p27<SUP>Kip1</SUP> mRNA.</P>

베어링의 탄성 변형을 고려한 엔진 윤활 시스템 해석

조성찬(Sungchan Cho) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The characteristics of whole engine lubrication network are influenced by bearing dynamic behavior. This paper presents a numerical study to investigate the effects of connecting rod bearing deformation by bolt pretension, rotating and reciprocating inertia and cylinder pressure. 1-D system analysis was conducted for whole lubrication network analysis while the bearing deformation analysis results were obtained by structure analysis. Oil flow through bearing was calculated by FVM analysis. Oil pressure drop and oil flow variance under different load cases were compared each other.

중국의 도시화와 공공토지 사유화

조성찬(SungChan Cho) 역사비평사 2016 역사비평 Vol.- No.116

Historically, China’s land policy had dialectically changed from public to private land ownership. After the economic reform of 1978, public land leasing system in which land ownership belonged to the state, and land use right belonged to private sector, has maintained balanced between ownership-use relationship. As the economy of China has rapidly developed along with a policy of urbanization, demand for the privatization of public land has increased. As a result, China is experiencing almost as same property issues as those in capitalist states where most land is owned by the private sector. This paper points out that the main problem in China is that social land rent falls into the realm of the private sector even under a public land leasing system. The land premium system, one of methods to transfer land use rights, permits this phenomenon.

‘공유자원 사유화 모델’에 기댄 제주국제자유도시 발전전략의 비판적 검토 토지 및 지대의 사유화를 중심으로

조성찬(SungChan Cho) 한국공간환경학회 2016 공간과 사회 Vol.26 No.2

The critical question of this study is that whom is the Jeju International Free City’s development strategy actually for. JFIC has been proceeding on the 1st and 2nd Comprehensive Development Plans, which are focused on making JFIC as the center of international tourism. As a result, the number of tourists and the investments from internal and external countries have increased rapidly. But the fruit from the development has concentrated on the land owners and the investors. This study recognizes that the main reason of this unequal economic structure is the result of structural limitations from the JFIC’s development strategy, depending on ‘the model of public resources’ privatization.’ In this paper, the model of public resources’ privatization, means the development method which enables investors to profit maximization through rent-seeking. Further more, the government of JFIC permits the investors privatize both the natural resources such as land, water and wind etc, and artificial resources, such as money, all the more, apply them the preferential policy, such as deregulation, low tax and charges, and finally induce the commercialization of public resources. In this process, while the investors enjoy rent-seeking, the island’s native dwellers are excluded from the share of common wealth. 본 연구의 핵심적인 문제의식은, 제주국제자유도시 발전전략이 과연 누구를 위한 것인가라는 점이다. 제1차 및 제2차 제주국제자유도시 종합계획으로 제주를 관광산업 중심의 국제자유도시로 육성한 결과, 관광객과 국내외 자본 투자는 크 게 증가했지만 정작 개발의 열매는 국내외 토지 소유자 및 자본 투자자에게 집중되는 불평등한 경제구조가 심화되었기 때문이다. 본 연구는 불평등한 경제구조의 핵심적인 이유가 제주국제자유도시 발전전략이 ‘공유자원 사유화 모델’에 기초한 구조적 한계라고 보았다. ‘공유자원 사유화 모델’은 국제자유도시 추진 주체가 자본이 토지와 자연자원, 수자원 등 ‘천연’ 공유 자원과 화폐라는 ‘인공’ 공유자원을 사유화하도록 하고, 규제 완화, 조세 및 부담금 완화 등 혜택을 제공해 상품화를 유도하면서, 지대추구를 통한 이윤 극대화가 가능하게 하는 개발방식을 의미한다. 본 연구는 토지와 지대를 중심으로 분석했다. 이 글은 결론에서 제주국제자유도시는 ‘공유자원 사유화 모델’이 아닌 새로운 발전모델을 탐색해야 한다는 점을 언급했다. 새로운 발전모델은 지역 발전에 도움이 되는 건강한 국내외 자본을 유치하면서도 토지와 같은 공유자원에서 나오는 이익은 지역 내부에서 공유해 지역과 자본이 상생 가능한 지역경제 구조를 만들어 가는 데 이론적·정책적 기초를 제공할 수 있어야 한다.

중국과 북한의 도시-농촌 이원적 토지소유 구조 변화경로 비교 : 농촌 토지제도 변화를 중심으로

조성찬(Cho, SungChan) 한국공간환경학회 2019 공간과 사회 Vol.29 No.4

본 논문은 연속된 공간을 인위적으로 단절시키는 것은 그 의도에도 불구하고 도시화로 인한 공간 확대 등의 과정에서 여러 가지 부작용이 나타날 수밖에 없다는 문제의식에서, 농촌 토지제도 변화를 중심으로 중국과 북한의 이원적 토지소유 구조 변화경로를 비교했다. 구체적으로 중국과 북한의 농촌 토지제도 변화과정을 살펴보고, 이원적 토지소유 구조 극복전략이 어떤 차이를 갖는지, 그리고 그 차이를 가져온 원인이 무엇인지를 분석했다. 먼저 중국과 북한의 농촌 토지제도 변화경로를 비교한 결과, 두 국가가 사회주의 정부 수립 이후 농지 개인소유제에서 시작하여 협동화로 전환하기까지는 유사했으나 개혁과정 이후 차이점이 분명해졌다. 중국은 이원적 토지소유 구조에 따른 농지 집체소유를 유지하면서 가정생산도급책임제를 통한 가구별 농지 재산권의 분배 및 강한 보호 원칙으로 갔다. 그리고 도농통합발전 전략을 통해 이원적 구조를 해소하고자 노력하고 있다. 반면 북한은 중국의 가정생산도급책임제와 유사한 ‘분조관리제하의 포전담당책임제’를 실시하고는 있지만, 가구별 재산권 보호 수준이 매우 낮다. 게다가 국가가 협동농장 토지에 대한 실질적인 지배권을 넘어 형식적인 지배권마저 확보하기 위해 점진적인 국유화를 진행하고 있다. 즉, 중국의 이원적 토지소유 구조 극복전략의 핵심이 ‘보완’ 접근법이라면, 북한의 극복전략은 협동농장을 국유화하는 ‘해체’ 접근법이다. 본 연구는 이러한 극복전략의 차이를 가져온 원인으로 혁명정권 수립에 대한 농민의 기여도 차이, 도시화 발전전략과 부작용 정도의 차이, 그리고 이원적 토지소유구조에 대한 ‘공간’ 대 ‘소유주체’ 접근법의 차이가 중요했음을 도출했다. 이제 북한의 남은 과제는 국가가 농촌 토지에 대한 실질적인 지배권을 넘어 국유화를 통한 형식적인 지배권까지 확보하게 되었을 때, 포전담당책임제가 어느 수준까지 농민의 사적 재산권을 인정함으로써 국가와 농민 사이의 재산권 비대칭성을 해소할 것인가이다. 그리고 이러한 기초 위에서 협동농장 하위에 있는 작업반을 현대적 의미의 농업협동조합으로 개편하여 농촌 자립을 위한 발전전략으로 활용할 것인가 하는 점도 매우 중요하다. Despite the good intention, there are many side effects in the process of artificially disconnecting the continuous urban and rural areas with land ownership system. In this sense, this paper compared China and North Korea’s strategies to overcome dual land ownership structure. Specifically, this paper analyzed: the changes of rural land systems in China and North Korea, and the differences in coping strategies for overcoming the dual land ownership structure, and finally the causes of the differences of strategies. First, comparing the changes in the rural land system between China and North Korea, the two countries had similar direction of starting with the individual land ownership and going out to collective ownership. But the important difference was that China maintained collective ownership and proceeded with a strategy of both protecting the property rights of each household and implementing urban-rural integration development, while North Korea implemented a Responsible Farmland System under the management of small group, and is going to the nationalization of collective farmland. The core of China’s coping strategy is a ‘complementary’ approach, and the core of North Korea’s coping strategy is a ‘disassembly’ approach. This paper derived the reasons of the differences: first, the difference of contribution of farmers to the establishment of revolutionary regimes, second, the difference in urban development strategies and side effects, and finally the difference in approaches to dual land ownership criteria as ‘space’ versus ‘owner’. Now the North Korea’s remaining task is to what level Responsible Farmland System will be changed to protect farmers’ private property rights when the government has secured all the control over rural land. And another task is that, on this basis, the government will reform the agricultural cooperatives and use them as a strategy for developing rural areas or not.

베어링의 탄성유체윤활 해석을 통한 엔진 윤활 시스템의 해석

조성찬(Sungchan Cho),윤성호(Seongho Yoon) 한국자동차공학회 2005 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.5_1

1-D system analysis for the lubrication network of an engine is popular by reasons of comparatively fast and cheap computation. However, the characteristics of whole lubrication network are influenced by bearing dynamic behavior. This paper presents a numerical study to investigate the accuracy of engine lubrication network analysis results obtained by 1-D system analysis and hybrid system analysis. Whilst the one uses only 1-D models to represent the lubrication components, the other, here, reflects elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) effect of the main bearings in 1-D system analysis. Oil pressure, pressure drop and flow rate attained by the two analyses are compared to the experimental results.

Improvement of track-to-track fusion for dual-mode homing guidance with target-orientation measurements

Cho, Hoonkyung,Chun, Joohwan,Song, Sungchan,Jung, Sangwon SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineeri 2015 Optical engineering Vol.54 No.10

Quality Characteristics of Rice Pan Bread with Water Roux Stater

Sungchan Kim,Han Sub Kwak,Inyong Kim,Younggi Choi,Younghun Bae,Seukgeun Ji,Seungui Cheon,Namji Cho,Seongjun Yoon,Geun Pyo Choi,Yoonhwa Jeong 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.8