Impact of future air quality in East Asia under SSP scenarios

Sungbo Shim,Sang-Hoon Kwon,Jae-Hee Lee,Hyun Min Sung,Jong-Chul Ha,Jae-Young Byon,Yeon-Hee Kim 한국기상학회 2020 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.10

Regulation of EphA8 Gene Expression by TALE Homeobox Transcription Factors during Development of the Mesencephalon

Shim, Sungbo,Kim, Yujin,Shin, Jongdae,Kim, Jieun,Park, Soochul American Society for Microbiology 2007 Molecular and cellular biology Vol.27 No.5

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The mouse <I>ephA8</I> gene is expressed in a rostral-to-caudal gradient in the developing superior colliculus, and these EphA gradients may contribute to the proper development of the retinocollicular projection. Thus, it is of considerable interest to elucidate how the <I>ephA8</I> gene expression is controlled by upstream regulators during the development of the mesencephalon. In this study, we employed in vivo expression analysis in transgenic mouse embryos to dissect the <I>cis</I>-acting DNA regulatory region, leading to the identification of a CGGTCA sequence critical for the <I>ephA8</I> enhancer activity. Using this element as the target in a yeast one-hybrid system, we identified a Meis homeobox transcription factor. Significantly, DNA binding sites for Pbx, another TALE homeobox transcription factor, were also identified in the <I>ephA8</I> enhancer region. Meis2 and Pbx1/2 are specifically expressed in the entire region of the dorsal mesencephalon, where specific colocalization of EphA8 and Meis is restricted to a subset of cells. Meis2 and Pbx2 synergistically bind the <I>ephA8</I> regulatory sequence in vitro, and this interaction is critical for the transcriptional activation of a reporter construct bearing the <I>ephA8</I> regulatory region in the presence of histone deacetylase inhibitor. More importantly, when expressed in the embryonic midbrain, the dominant-negative form of Meis down-regulates endogenous <I>ephA8</I>. Interestingly, we found that both Meis2 and Pbx2 are constitutively bound in the <I>ephA8</I> regulatory region in the dorsal mesencephalon. These studies strongly suggest that Meis and Pbx homeobox transcription factors tightly associate with the <I>ephA8</I> regulatory sequence and require an additional unidentified regulator to ensure the specific activation of <I>ephA8</I>.</P>

SSP 시나리오에 따른 동아시아 대기질 미래 전망

심성보(Sungbo Shim),서정빈(Jeongbyn Seo),권상훈(Sang-Hoon Kwon),이재희(Jae-Hee Lee),성현민(Hyun Min Sung),부경온(Kyung-On Boo),변영화(Young-Hwa Byun),임윤진(Yoon-Jin Lim),김연희(Yeon-Hee Kim) 한국기상학회 2020 대기 Vol.30 No.4

This study investigates the change in the fine particulate matter (PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>) concentration and World Health Organization (WHO) air quality index (AQI) in East Asia (EA) under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). AQI is an indicator of increasing levels about health concern, divided into six categories based on PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> annual concentrations. Here, we utilized the ensemble results of UKESM1, the climate model operated in Met Office, UK, for the analysis of long-term variation during the historical (1950~2014) and future (2015~2100) period. The results show that the spatial distributions of simulated PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> concentrations in present-day (1995~2014) are comparable to observations. It is found that most regions in EA exceeded the WHO air quality guideline except for Japan, Mongolia regions, and the far seas during the historical period. In future scenarios containing strong air quality (SSP1-2.6, SSP5-8.5) and medium air quality (SSP2-4.5) controls, PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> concentrations are substantially reduced, resulting in significant improvement in AQI until the mid-21<SUP>st</SUP> century. On the other hand, the mild air pollution controls in SSP3-7.0 tend to lead poor AQI in China and Korea. This study also examines impact of increased in PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> concentrations on downward shortwave energy at the surface. As a result, strong air pollution controls can improve air quality through reduced PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> concentrations, but lead to an additional warming in both the near and mid-term future climate over EA.

네펠로미터로 관측한 서울의 에어러솔 산란계수 특성

심성보(Sungbo Shim),윤영준(Young Jun Yoon),염성수(Seong Soo Yum),차주완(Joo Wan Cha),김종환(Jong Hwan Kim),김준(Jhoon Kim),이방용(Bang-Yong Lee) 한국기상학회 2008 대기 Vol.18 No.4

Aerosol scattering coefficients for three different wavelengths (λ=450,550,700 ㎚) are measured almost continuously by a nephelometer in Seoul for a period of 13 months (February 2007-February 2008), which includes two weeks break in August 2007 for measurements at Daegwallyeong and YoungJongdo. The mean of the daily average scattering coefficients at λ=550 ㎚ is 194.1±144.2 Mm<SUP>-1</SUP> and the minimum and maximum are 14.3 Mm-1 and 998.1 Mm<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The scattering coefficient shows a general increasing trend with atmospheric relative humidity (RH). When the data are classified according to weather conditions, the days with no major weather events show the smallest scattering coefficient and also the lowest RH. Surprisingly haze/fog days show the largest scattering coefficient and Asian dust days comes in second. Although the variation is large within a season, winter shows the largest and autumn shows the smallest scattering coefficient. The average Ångstrom exponent is 1.40±0.32 for the entire Seoul measurement. As expected, Asian dust days show the smallest Ångstrom exponent and haze/fog days are the next, suggesting more efficient hygroscopic growth of aerosols for this weather condition. Aerosol scattering coefficient seems to show better correspondence with CCN concentration rather than total aerosol concentration, which may indicate that CCN active aerosols are also good scattering aerosols.

1.5/2.0℃ 지구온난화 시나리오 기반의 동아시아 기후변화 분석

심성보(Sungbo Shim),권상훈(Sang-Hoon Kwon),임윤진(Yoon-Jin Lim),염성수(Seong Soo Yum),변영화(Young-Hwa Byun) 한국기상학회 2019 대기 Vol.29 No.4

This study first investigates the changes of the mean and extreme temperatures and precipitation in East Asia (EA) under stabilized 1.5℃ and 2℃ warming conditions above preindustrial levels provided by HAPPI project. Here, five model with 925 members for 10-year historical period (2006~2015) and 1.5/2.0℃ future warming scenarios (2091~2100) have been used and monthly based data have been analyzed. The results show that the spatial distribution fields over EA and domain averaged variables in HAPPI 1.5/2.0℃ hindcast simulations are comparable to observations. It is found that the magnitude of mean temperature warming in EA and Korea is similar to the global mean, but for extreme temperatures local higher warming trend for minimum temperature is significant. In terms of precipitation, most subregion in EA will see more increased precipitation under 1.5/2.0oC warming compared to the global mean. These attribute for probability density function of analyzed variables to get wider with increasing mean values in 1.5/2.0℃ warming conditions. As the result of vulnerability of 0.5℃ additional warming from 1.5 to 2.0℃, 0.5℃ additional warming contributes to the increases in extreme events and especially the impact over South Korea is slightly larger than EA. Therefore, limiting global warming by 0.5℃ can help avoid the increases in extreme temperature and precipitation events in terms of intensity and frequency.

SSP 시나리오에 따른 동아시아 극한기후 미래전망

심성보(Shim, Sungbo),김지선(Kim, Jisun),성현민(Sung, Hyun Min),이재희(Lee, Jae-Hee),권상훈(Kwon, Sang-Hoon),선민아(Sun, Min-Ah),하종철(Ha, Jong-Chul),변영화(Byun, Young-Hwa),김연희(Kim, Yeon-Hee) 한국기후변화학회 2021 한국기후변화학회지 Vol.12 No.2

전자동 이식기 식부궤적에 관한 연구

심성보 ( Sungbo Shim ),이동근 ( Dongkeun Lee ),김영주 ( Young Joo Kim ),양승환 ( Seung Hwan Yang ),이상대 ( Sangdae Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.21 No.1

교수·학습자료용 기록정보 콘텐츠 서비스의 구성 및 개발

심성보,Shim, Sungbo 한국기록학회 2007 기록학연구 Vol.0 No.16

최근 국가기록원과 민주화운동기념사업회 사료관 등 한국의 주요 아카이브즈와 매뉴스크립트 보존소는 학생과 교사를 대상으로 하는 기록정보 서비스를 적극 추진하고 있다. 이에, 영국의 TNA와 미국의 NARA 및 LC에서 제공하고 있는 학생과 교사 대상의 기록정보 서비스 선진사례에 대한 분석과, 한국의 기록관리 현실 및 교육과정에 대한 분석을 기반으로 하여, 학생과 교사를 대상으로 하는 기록정보 서비스의 개발과정에서 발생할 주요 문제점을 분석하고 이의 해결방안을 제시하고자 한다. 학생과 교사 대상의 기록정보 서비스는 '서비스 개발을 통한 이용 활성화'와 '기록관리 품질의 점진적 향상'이라는 목적하에 진행되어야 한다. 고객군은 '한국사 교수 학습 당사자로서의 학생과 교사'로 세분화하여 식별할 수 있다. 교육과정과 교육환경을 분석한 결과, 기록정보는 교수 학습자료용으로 개발되어야 하며, 이를 위해서는 기록정보를 콘텐츠화할 필요가 있다. 따라서 서비스의 성격은 '교수 학습자료용 기록정보 콘텐츠 서비스'로 개념화할 수 있다. 콘텐츠 서비스를 개념화하고 구성한 후 실제로 개발하는 전 과정에서는 다음의 사항이 핵심적이다. 첫째, 고객 중심의 서비스로 개발되어야 한다. 둘째, 기록관리의 체계화와 전통적인 기록관리 서비스의 활성화에도 기여할 수 있는 방향으로 개발되어야 한다. 셋째, 교육용 서비스 담당자를 중심으로 한 협업체계가 구축되어야 한다. 넷째, 기록정보와 주제별 교수 학습활동이 연계될 수 있도록 개발되어야 한다. 다섯째, 콘텐츠의 수량보다 콘텐츠의 품질을 우선으로 해야 한다. 여섯째, 다른 기관과의 서비스 제휴를 적극적으로 모색해야 한다. 한편, 초 중 고 교육과정이 개정되어 2011년에는 모든 국사 교과서가 새로운 내용으로 보급될 예정이고, 서책형 교과서뿐만 아니라 디지털 교과서도 개발되고 있는 상황에 비추어볼 때, 이 시기에 학생 교사 대상의 서비스가 획기적으로 발전된다면, 기록문화의 창달에 큰 도움이 될 것이다. 이 시기를 적극 활용하여, 한국사를 교수 학습하는 430만명의 학생과 1만 4천명의 교사가 한 학기에 한 번 이상 교수 학습자료용 기록정보 콘텐츠 서비스로 교수 학습하게 한다는 비전을 수립하고, 교수 학습자료용 기록정보 콘텐츠 서비스를 성공적으로 개발 보급하기 위해 다음과 같은 사항을 추진할 것을 제언한다. 첫째, '고객 중심의 서비스' 개념을 확립하고 체계화해야 한다. 둘째, 교육과정과 교과서를 심도 깊게 분석해야 한다. 셋째, 교육용 기록정보 콘텐츠 서비스 방법론을 개발해야 한다. 넷째, 기록관리 전문가집단과 교사집단의 전략적 협력체계를 수립해야 한다. 다섯째, 2011년까지의 단계별 추진 과제와 추진 일정을 수립해야 한다. 기록문화의 창달을 위한 알찬 씨앗이 초 중 고등학교에도 하루빨리 뿌려지기를 기대한다. Nowadays Korean main archives and manuscript repositories are planning to develop archival information service for students and teachers in their web sites. This study is aimed at discovering main issues of developing archival information service for students and teachers and finding a solution. The goal of archival information service for students and teachers is the promotion of use through launching service and the gradual growth of archival management program. The customer group is segmented into the students and teachers who are learning and teaching Korean history in classroom. As a result of analyzing curriculum and educational environment, the archival information must be developed into teaching-learning materials. And the processing archival information into archival content is needed. Consequently the character of archival information service for students and teachers is conceptualized as archival content service for teaching-learning materials. At every step of developing archival content service for teaching-learning materials, the next main points are considered and achieved. First, the strategy of customer-focused service must be the same from beginning to end. Second, the growth of traditional archival management(e.g. classification, description and finding aids) must be contributed. Third, the collaboration system leading by professional education staff must be organized. Fourth, the archival information must be related with teaching-learning activities. Fifth, the quality of content is more important than the quantity of it. Sixth, the networking with another agencies for cooperation must be considered.

The EphA8 receptor induces sustained MAP kinase activation to promote neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells

Gu, Changkyu,Shim, Sungbo,Shin, Jongdae,Kim, Jieun,Park, Jonghoon,Han, Kyuhyung,Park, Soochul Nature Publishing Group 2005 Oncogene Vol.24 No.26

Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrate that ligand-mediated activation of the EphA8 receptor critically regulates cell adhesion and migration. In this report, we show that the EphA8 receptor induces neurite outgrowth in NG108-15 cells in the absence of ligand stimulation. Using various deletion mutants lacking specific intracytoplasmic regions, we confirm that the tyrosine kinase domain of EphA8 is important for inducing neurite outgrowth. However, the tyrosine kinase activity of EphA8 is not crucial for neurite outgrowth induction. Treatment with various inhibitors further reveals that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is critical for neurite outgrowth induced by EphA8. Consistent with these results, EphA8 expression induced a sustained increase in the activity of MAPK, whereas ligand-mediated EphA8 activation had no further modulatory effects on MAP kinase activity. Additionally, activated MAPK relocalized from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in response to EphA8 transfection. These results collectively suggest that the EphA8 receptor is capable of inducing a sustained increase in MAPK activity, thereby promoting neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells.Oncogene (2005) 24, 4243–4256. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208584 Published online 14 March 2005

Climate feedback of anthropogenic aerosols over East Asia using HadGEM2-AO

Yoo-Rim Jung,Sungbo Shim,Hee-Jeong Baek,Chunho Cho 한국기상학회 2013 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.4